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Biomedical subjects

M Ohtaki

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohtaki.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Aneurysm of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery at the internal auditory meatus: report of two cases].

Aneurysm of the vertebrobasilar system is not a rare lesion but constituting 5-10% of all intracranial aneurysms. Aneurysm at the peripheral part of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), however, is rare and only 20 cases have been reported previously. In this report, two cases of aneurysm arising at the junction between the AICA and internal auditory artery and extending into the internal auditory meatus are reported. The first patient was a 51-year-old male who was admitted because of sudden onset of dizziness, rt. tinnitus and deafness. Left vertebral angiograms demonstrated an AVM in the rt. cerebellar hemisphere and two aneurysms on the feeding arteries, one on the superior cerebellar artery and the other on the meatal loop of the rt. AICA. Removal of the AVM and neck clipping of the aneurysms, which were found unruptured, were performed through the rt. suboccipital approach. The second patient was a 42-year-old female who was admitted because of sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting followed by rt. tinnitus, deafness and double vision. CT scan showed subarachnoid clot mainly located in the rt. cerebellopontine angle. Repeated vertebral angiograms revealed an aneurysm at the meatal loop of the rt. AICA. Complete neck clipping was carried out. The clinical features of the aneurysms of this location can be divided into three subgroups according to the characters of onset: sudden onset with subarachnoid hemorrhage, insidious onset of the VII th, VIII th, nerve palsies by the mass effect of the aneurysm, intermittent episodes of the VIII th nerve disfunction due to the insufficiency of the internal auditory artery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Intrascrotal malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a case report and review of the literature].

A 75-year-old man visited our clinic on November 11, 1982 with the complaint of a painless mass in the right scrotum. The mass was hen's egg sized and hard. Surgery was performed under the diagnosis of testicular tumor. Right hemiscrotectomy with right inguinal orchiectomy was performed because of a scrotal skin invasion of the tumor. The spermatic cord, testis and epididymis were grossly normal. The tumor was located just beneath the testis, and it was considered to be scrotal tunicus in origin. The tumor was elastic and hard, and the cut surface showed a yellowish white and lobulated appearance. The histological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Postoperatively, radiotherapy for a total dosage of 4,910 rads was given. The patient is alive and well without any sign of recurrence 19 months after operation. The 20 cases reported in Europe, America and Japan, including our case, were tabulated and some discussion is made.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The age distribution of human adult cancer and an initiation-manifestation model for carcinogenesis.

The many studies of cancer made in recent years have revealed that the preclinical period of cancer--the period from carcinogenic transformation of a cell to growth of an overt tumor when the diagnosis of "cancer" is made--is longer and has a larger variance than considered formerly. Based on these results, the existing multistage theory of carcinogenesis has been reviewed and modified in this paper. In the newly obtained model, which is designated "initiation-manifestation model," it is assumed that carcinogenesis is a combination of two different processes, i.e., carcinogenic transformation of one cell and the subsequent manifestation of cancer. Further, we assumed that the lengths of these two periods are stochastic variables having gamma distributions, and that they are mutually independent. Applying this model, the actual morbidity of various types of human adult cancer was analyzed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Analysis and rearrangement of human karyotypes by computer.

A system useful for the collection and analysis of a large number of abnormal karyotypes and for studies on the relationship between cytogenetic abnormalities and clinical features of diseases is reported. The program is based on the disintegration and rearrangement of abnormal karyotypes recorded according to the 1978 International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN).

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1983

[A double blind clinical trial of cefamandole and cefmetazole in complicated urinary tract infections].

We conducted a randomized double blind comparison of cefamandole (CMD) and cefmetazole (CMZ) in the treatment of 193 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The patients received 1 gram of CMD or CMZ twice a day intravenously by drip infusion over 1 hour for 5 days. Pretreatment urinary leukocyte counts and urinary bacterial counts were at least 5 cells/hpf and 10(4) bacteria/ml, respectively. Each patient was randomly allocated either to CMD or CMZ group. There were 93 patients in CMD group and 100 patients in CMZ group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the effect of treatment on bacteriuria and pyuria according to the criteria set by the UTI Committee, Japan. The response to CMD treatment was excellent in 18 cases (19.4%), moderate in 38 cases (40.9%) and poor in 37 cases (39.8%) with an overall effectiveness of 60.2%, whereas the response to CMZ was excellent in 19 cases (19.0%), moderate in 40 cases (40.0%) and poor in 41 cases (41.0%) with an overall effectiveness of 59.0%. No statistical significant difference was found between 2 treatment groups. Comparison of the bacteriological response between 2 groups showed that the eradication rate for strains of Gram-positive cocci were significantly higher in those patients treated with CMD. Gram-negative rods were eradicated from 68.4% of cases treated with CMD, and 78.0% of those with CMZ, but the difference was not significant. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients receiving CMD 1 case each of diarrhea, eruption and epigastric pain. Abnormality in laboratory tests was found in 6 patients in each treatment group. The results indicate that CMD is effective, safe and useful in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, and its efficacy, safety and usefulness are comparable with those of CMZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Malignant lymphoma initiated with malabsorption syndrome due to Isospora belli infection and lymphocytosis.

A 47-year-old man had diarrhea in 1965. Four years later, malabsorption syndrome was diagnosed and the patient was found to have mild lymphocytosis. Abdominal lymphoma was suspected, but exploratory laparotomy was normal except for partial villous atrophy of small intestine and slightly enlarged mesenteric lymphnodes which were normal microscopically. In vitro lymphocyte blastformation with phytohemagglutinin was depressed markedly throughout the course and the result predicted the developement of malignancy of the lymphocytic system. Infection of Isospora belli was found thereafter, and sulfamethoxazole was quite effective for diarrhea. In August, 1974, he noticed cervical lymphadenopathy for the first time and it was diagnosed as undifferentiated type of malignant lymphoma. He died in December, 1974. In this case diarrhea was most probably caused by the intestinal infection of Isospora belli without obvious lymphoma. The symptom was swept away by peroral sulfamethoxazole. In this patient coccidiosis was presumably induced and prolonged by suppression of cellular immunity which might have already begun to progress at the onset of diarrhea.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central and autonomic nervous system links to the APUD system (and their APUDomas).

The concept of the APUD system and the APUDomas associated with it has evolved significantly since Pearse's description in the 1960s. Part of this evolution has been an understanding of the relationships between the APUD system and the central and autonomic nervous systems. The APUD system now referred to as the diffuse neuroendocrine system, can be linked to the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system by genetics, embryology, cellular characteristics, anatomy, interaction of the systems, and the immune system. Awareness of these relationships may enable clinicians to better understand APUDomas and lead to better methods of detection of these tumours and their treatment.

APUD Cells↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postischemic therapy with MK-801 (dizocilpine) in a primate model of transient focal brain ischemia.

The purpose of this study was to develop a primate model for assessing EEG, behavior and histology, and to test the effect of NMDA receptor blockade in transient focal ischemia. Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) under halothane anesthesia were subjected to 110 min of transient focal ischemia (n = 15) by temporary clip occlusion of the MCA. An eight-lead EEG was recorded. Neurobehavioral testing was done in a subgroup of animals (n = 6). Brain temperature (37.5 degrees C) was monitored and controlled to avoid hypothermia or intergroup temperature differences, and blood pressure was regulated to 60 mmHg. The entire brain was subserially sectioned, and 52 standardized coronal sections encompassing the infarct were examined histologically 2 wk after the ischemia. Animals were randomized to receive either (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) 1 mg/kg of maleate salt or carrier solution, 20 min and again at 12 h after the onset of ischemia. Cingulate and retrosplenial cortex were examined for NMDA-antagonist-induced neuronal necrosis. No reduction, or trend toward reduction of neurobehavioral deficit was seen with MK-801. MCA occulsion reduced EEG power over the ischemic hemisphere. MK-801 appeared to cause brain activation, and globally increased power at several frequencies. MK-801 did not reduce infarction in either neocortex (p > 0.05) or striatum (p > 0.05). No selective neuronal necrosis was seen in the cingulate or retrosplenial cortex. We conclude that MK-801 given 20 min after the onset of transient ischemia offers no significant neuroprotective effect against either neurobehavioral deficit or ischemic infarction in this model of transient focal ischemia. Further experiments in unanesthetized animals are necessary to determine if MK-801-induced necrosis exists in the gyrencephalic brain, but the enhancement of primate brain electrical activity by MK-801 suggests that brain activation occurs in primates as it does in rodents.

Animals↗