Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.
A case of Eaton-Lambert syndrome associated with pituitary apoplexy is presented. It is thought to be the first reported case. The clinical features, electrophysiological findings and effects and side effects of therapeutic drugs are noted. Endocrinological dysfunctions are discussed in relation to pituitary disorder.
The present study was conducted to see whether the exercise capacity can be altered by intraperitoneal dialysis solution in patients on CAPD. Symptom-limited progressive treadmill tests with respiratory gas analysis were performed in patients on long-term CAPD, and exercise time (ET), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and ventilatory anaeorbic threshold (AT) were obtained. The treadmill tests were carried out before and after the drainage of 2-liters of dialysis solution. The dialysate bag with the fluid had either been carried by patients on their backs (test A) or been kept apart from their bodies (test B) during exercise, i.e. an apparent body weight in test B without the CAPD bag decreased by 2 kg as compared with the control. VO2max, AT or ET in test A did not change, whereas ET in the test B was prolonged after the drainage of dialysis solution (before: 437 +/- 170 sec, after: 479 +/- 158 sec, n = 10, p less than .01). No change was noted in VO2max or AT in test B. We conclude that the dialysis solution retained in the peritoneal cavity affects ET by acting as an extra-weight, although the solution has no influence on VO2max and AT.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) was isolated from the venom of the Formosan cobra (Naja naja atra). The amino acid sequence was determined by a combination of conventional methods. The total number of amino acid residues was 116, giving a molecular mass of 13,057 Da. The sequence was identical with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence of an NGF cDNA from the venom gland of Naja naja siamensis, reported by Selby et al. [J. Neurosci. Res., 18, 293-298 (1987)].
In a survey of 142 hospitals in Japan, 1562 operations involving tracheobronchoplasty, 565 involving tracheoplasty, and 992 involving bronchoplasty were found to have been done from 1954 to 1984. The number of operations showed a steep increase from 1965 and reached more than 200 a year by 1984. This increase comes from larger numbers of bronchoplasty procedures being performed for lung cancer (58.8% in toto) and of tracheoplasty procedures for thyroid cancer (9.7% in toto). Fifty-seven operative modes could be classified, in which bronchial anastomosis was most frequent (62.1%), followed in order by tracheal anastomosis (18.0%), and tracheobronchial anastomosis (5.9%). Complications, encountered in 16.9% in toto, resulted in death in 22.3%, with fistula bleeding in all and anastomotic stricture in 47.7%. Anastomotic stricture alone had a higher mortality rate than anastomotic stricture combined with recurrent palsy (p less than 0.01). The tracheal anastomosis mode had a higher complication rate than that of the bronchial anastomosis mode (p less than 0.01). Among the 57 modes, the complication rates were lower than those of each stem mode in the following: suture of the tracheal wall (p less than 0.05), tracheal patch grafting (p less than 0.01), sleeve resection of the right main bronchus (p less than 0.02), and sleeve lobectomy of the right lower lobe (p less than 0.001). Complication rates were higher than those of each stem mode in these procedures: prosthetic replacement of the trachea (p less than 0.001), sleeve resection of the right main bronchus (p less than 0.05), and the montage-type carinal reconstruction (p less than 0.05) modes. The tracheal anastomosis mode was classified into two categories, standard and extensive. The latter showed complication rates higher than the former (p less than 0.01), tracheoplasty (p less than 0.0025), and the tracheal anastomosis stem mode (p less than 0.0025). Complication rates have decreased with time, being 21.8% with the tracheal anastomosis mode and 10.8% with the bronchial anastomosis mode in the past 9 years.
One hundred seventy-three patients were treated 256 times with chemotherapy supported by autologous bone marrow transplantation during the past 9 years. The two most commonly used protocols were (cyclophosphamide 1,600-2,400 mg/m2 + adriamycin 80 mg/m2 + ACNU 3 mg/kg) and (cyclophosphamide 1,600-2,400 mg/m2 + adriamycin 100 mg/m2 + CDDP 100-150 mg/m2). Among 115 patients in the therapeutic setting in which two courses were usually given, 75 were evaluable and the overall response rate was 42.7% with 12.0% CR rate. Breast and pediatric groups responded well; the response rate in breast cancer was 67.9% with 21.4% CR rate. Two patients with breast cancer who had multiple distant metastases and 2 pediatric patients are now alive with NED after 5 years of the treatment and seem to have been cured. The results in adjuvant settings have also been quite promising, e.g., 79.4% 5-year survival probability among breast patients mainly in stage III. Although drops of blood cell counts to the nadirs (WBC counts: less than 100-300) could not be prevented, the periods of myelosuppression appeared to have been effectively shortened so that the patients could be safely managed with intensified general supportive measures. Platelet counts are usually less affected, but the recovery is slower than for WBC counts. There were 13 patients who died within 10 weeks of the initiation of the treatment. Two of them succumbed to sepsis, and progressive disease was the cause of death in 8 patients whose terminal phases were undoubtedly affected by some infectious problems. We have shown that there are inverse relationships between infused numbers of CFU-GM and marrow recovery judged by the duration of neutropenia and the time required for neutrophils to recover over 500. Our recent laboratory experiments testing CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-Mk in addition to MNC counts and CFU-GM showed that vulnerabilities of marrow progenitors seem to differ from cell lineage to cell lineage. This must therefore be taken into careful consideration in pursuing marrow transplantation.
[OBJECTIVES OF STUDY] This presentation deals with an analysis of factors to improve the survival of patients with ovarian cancer. Some 1051 patients with malignant ovarian tumors who were treated in this group, were divided into two groups for their period of treatment. Of these, 460 patients were treated 1974-1979 (retrospective group) and 591 patients treated 1979-1984, (prospective group) because chemo-immunotherapy was determined by a certain protocol in the group. [RESULTS] The survival rate of the two groups were compared, and the 5-year survival rate of prospective group was 20% higher than in the retrospective group. However, there were no significant differences of any clinical stages between retrospective group and prospective group, and the difference in 5-year survival rate was about 20% in any stages. The survival rate was also compared in accordance with histological types. The most dominant progression was seen in serous adenocarcinoma and when the cases were divided into two groups by their clinical stage; one was the early stage (Stage I) cases. The 5-year survival rate of serous ca, mucinous ca and embryonal ca (Higuchi, Kato) made remarkable progress in recent several years, but, mesonephroid ca made little progress. The other was the late stage (stage II, III, IV) cases, patients with mucinous ca when she had had surgery recurrently on relapse, resulting in prolonged survival period. As to the comparison of age groups, younger patients less than 40 years old showed a progression in their survival period, whereas patients in their sixties had no such progression. In order to evaluate the effect of treatment with due comparable counterpart of ovarian carcinoma, cases were quantified with 3 years survival prediction score which was calculated retrospectively by multivariate statistical analysis. The first evaluation was done with an MFC combination chemotherapy and a CAP combination. The results indicated that a CAP combination had improved the survival rate of ovarian cancer, and statistically significant differences were proved. Z value was 2.24 and P value was less than 5%. The second evaluation was done on the significance of second look operation. The prediction score of patients who underwent second look operation and matched pair control of prediction score without reoperation, were compared. The results indicated that second look operation improved the survival rate of ovarian cancer with statistically significant differences. Z value was 2.37 and P value was less than 5%. [CONCLUSION] According to the present study, the treatment of malignant ovarian tumors showed an improved survival rate of about 20%, regardless of the cl
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The need of lymph node dissection in the case of operative lung cancer with negative mediastinoscopy was discussed. As a preliminary study, the N-number obtained from the mediastinoscopy and that of postoperative examination was compared. The rate of agreement of N-number was as high as 96%. Secondary, 183 cases of lung cancer with squamous-or adenocarcinoma pathologically T-1 or 2. N-0 and P-0 or 1 were picked up and examined. In those cases, the result of 3 years survival rate was 80% in the cases of absolute curative operation and 60% in that of relative non-curative cases, and 5 years survival rate was 70% and 52% respectively, and the cases of absolute curative operation was statistically excellent than that of another group. However, the background of the two groups was different to some degree on account of the advancement of the cancer and the age of the patients. Therefore, the randomized study as for the lymph node dissection in the cases of negative mediastinoscopy was finally performed. In the 30 cases of squamous cell carcinoma where dissection was carried out in 13 cases and not done in 17 cases, the result of 3 years survival was 84% (dissecting group) and 89% (non-dissecting group), and 5 years survival was 73% and 63% respectively. In 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (13; dissecting, 10; non-dissecting), the result of 3 years survival was 100%, 63% and that of 5 years survival rate was 100%, 63% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1. Supposing the hernia sac to be peritoneum, intraperitoneal transition of cefotiam (CTM) was examined on 57 cases of infantile inguinal hernia subdivided into 7 groups. 2. After one shot intravenous injection, CTM showed rapid transition into the blood and the peritoneal tissue and even at a dose of 40 mg/kg and 120 minutes later. CTM exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity considering of MIC80 against clinically isolated bacterial strains. 3. Healing by first intention of operative wounds was obtained in all of the cases given CTM without any case suggestive of postoperative infection. No clinical side effect was observed in any one of the cases.
Cytotoxic cells specific for Toxoplasma gondii-infected cells were detected in the peripheral blood leukocytes from a patient with acute toxoplasmosis. The cytotoxicity was mediated by CD5+, CD4-, CD8+ cells. The cytotoxic T cells lysed Toxoplasma-infected target cells with HLA class I restriction. Two types of T cell clones were established from peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with chronic toxoplasmosis; one was a CD5+, CD4-, CD8+ cytotoxic cell specific for Toxoplasma-infected cells, and the other was a CD5+, CD4+, CD8- proliferative cell that responded to Toxoplasma antigen. Toxoplasma-infected cell-specific cytotoxic cloned T cells recognize the infected target cells in the context of the HLA class I molecules, and the CD8 molecule was involved in the cytotoxicity. Toxoplasma antigen-specific proliferative cloned T cells were stimulated by Toxoplasma antigen-pulsed or Toxoplasma-infected cells in conjunction with HLA-DR molecule on the target cells. Thus, antigen presentation by Toxoplasma-infected cells for activation of both cytotoxic and proliferative T cells has been demonstrated.
Permanent tracheostomy and tracheoesophageal anastomosis were performed as a means of surgical intervention for the treatment of intractable aspiration pneumonia. Conventional method of tracheoesophageal anastomosis has entailed various problems. The improved technique by the authors utilized the special histological features of the situation and makes possible safe and reliable anastomosis. This technique retains the tracheal perichondrium to strengthen the anastomosed portion of the trachea, and can thus prevent suture insufficiency due to tension upon the anastomotic site.
The bile to plasma 125I-albumin concentration ratio (B/P ratio) was examined before and during various bile salt infusions in male Wistar rats that had previously received iv injection of 125I-albumin. Endogenous rat albumin and IgG concentrations in the bile were also determined by a single radial immunodiffusion method. Taurocholate (TC) infusion (1.0 mumol/min/100 g body wt) significantly increased the bile flow rate in the first hr but the flow began to decline in the second hr. The B/P ratio as well as rat albumin (and IgG) excretion into the bile significantly increased as early as 15 min after the start of TC infusion, and the increase became more pronounced in the second hr, when the bile flow began to decrease. Infusion of taurochenodeoxycholate (TCDC, 0.4 mumol/min/100 g) caused a reduction in bile flow 15 min after the start of infusion but the B/P ratio increased 40 times at its peak compared with the basal value before the bile salt infusion. Simultaneous infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDC, 0.6 mumol/min/100 g) and TCDC not only abolished the cholestasis induced by TCDC but maintained stable choleresis as long as for 2 hr. During this choleretic period, the B/P ration never exceeded the basal value. The choleresis induced by either taurodehydrocholate (TDHC) or bucolome was not accompanied by enhanced albumin excretion. In rats given TDHC infusion, albumin excretion started to increase only after the bile flow began to decline following the initial choleretic period. The enhanced excretion of albumin induced by TC and TCDC is therefore suggested to be caused not by the choleresis per se but by a possible concomitant increase in the communication between sinusoids and bile canaliculi, which eventually leads to cholestasis. Our results suggest that the biliary excretion of albumin enhanced by bile salt infusion in rats is primarily the result of hepatocyte damage closely related to cholestasis rather than to choleresis, and that the rate of such excretion can be used as a convenient and reliable marker for hepatocyte damage.
To define the action of the retroviral src gene on hematopoietic stem cells, C57BL/6 x DBA/2 (B6D2F1) mouse long-term marrow cultures were infected at initiation with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) pseudotypes of src-recombinant retroviruses with the src gene inserted in the env region of an amphotropic MuLV (src-Ampho), or in the gag region of Moloney MuLV (src-Mo). Other cultures were infected with Friend spleen focus-forming virus polycythemia-inducing strain (SFFVp), Moloney MuLV, or amphotropic MuLV, or were uninfected controls. Harvested nonadherent cells were tested weekly for multilineage, granulocyte-erythroid-megakaryocyte macrophage (CFU-GEMM) colony formation in vitro in recombinant murine IL-3 and erythropoietin, and individual colonies were removed, split 1:2, with half of each replated for in vitro self-renewal and the other half examined morphologically for number of hematopoietic cellular lineages, or tested for release of MuLV and src virus. Cultures infected with src-Ampho, src-Mo, or SFFVp demonstrated a significant increase in cumulative nonadherent cell and CFU-GEMM production. There was prolonged self-renewal over seven serial transfers of individual CFU-GEMM from src virus-infected cultures over seven serial transfers, and five of 61 individual colonies from the second or third generations contained detectable v-src gene sequences, but none released detectable src virus. Self-renewal of CFU-GEMM was similar to that with permanent IL-3-dependent cell line B6SUtA. In contrast, MuLV-infected or control uninfected cultures produced fewer cells, and self-renewal of CFU-GEMM did not exceed three generations. IL-3-dependent clonal hematopoietic progenitor cell lines, derived from each culture group, formed no detectable tumors in vivo; however, each released the original helper and/or transforming virus. Adherent cell lines, derived from src-Ampho-infected cultures released src virus and formed fibro-sarcomas in vivo. The data support the conclusion that src-recombinant virus expression in long-term marrow cultures increases the self-renewal capacity of multilineage hematopoietic stem cells.
For the purpose to analyse the influence of a thermosensitizing drug, misonidazole (MIS), on tissue oxygen tension (TpO2), TpO2 in human gastric cancer tissue (H-23) was measured by a polarographic method. MIS, 500 mg/kg, was given i.p. and then the heat treatment was done in a water bath at 43.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C for 23 minutes. A second treatment was performed to develop thermotolerance at the following intervals: 24 hours, 72 hours, 5 days, and 7 days. Tumor doubling time was shortest at 72-hour interval, i.e., the maximal thermotolerance of the tumor developed at 72-hour interval, whereas the tumor doubling time in case of combined use of MIS was shortest at 24-hour interval. TpO2 in the 72-hour interval treatment decreased soon after hyperthermia, and returned to a pre-heated value 3 hours after, whereas in the other 3 treatments the recovery time was 6 to 12 hours. On the other hand, in 24-hour interval of the combined use of MIS, the post-thermal value of TpO2 was about a half of the pre-thermal value and recovered 24 hours after. In the 5- and 7-day interval treatments, TpO2 declined notably and did not return to the pre-thermal value during 24 hours. These data suggest that the thermo-sensitizing effects of MIS were brought about by prolonged and extreme decrease in TpO2.
Membrane preparations, obtained from Bacillus strains which have N-acetylglucosamine-linked lipoteichoic acids in their membranes, were shown to catalyze the transfer of N-[14C]acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from beta-[14C]GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol to endogenous polymer. In this reaction, alpha-GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol or alpha-GlcNAc-PP-undecaprenol could not substitute for beta-GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol as the N-acetylglucosamine donor. This enzyme was most active at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 40 mM MgCl2. The apparent Km for beta-GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol was 2 microM. The radioactive polymer products, solubilized by hot phenol treatment, coincided with lipoteichoic acids in chromatographic behavior. Hydrogen fluoride treatment of the polymer products gave a major fragment identical with GlcNAc(alpha 1----2)glycerol, which corresponded to the dephosphorylated repeating units of the lipoteichoic acids in the examined strains. Thus it is concluded that beta-GlcNAc-P-undecaprenol serves as the donor of N-acetylglucosamine in the biosynthesis of lipoteichoic acids in a group of Bacillus strains.
Human epidermal growth factor-like immunoreactive factor (designated as EGF-LI) synthesized and secreted by human breast cancer cells, strain MCF-7, was isolated in pure form. Thirty-seven micrograms of EGF-LI was purified by anion-exchange, gel permeation, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography from 2 liters of serum-free medium conditioned by the cells. The sequence of the first 36 amino acids from the N-terminus was determined with a gas-phase protein sequencer. Computer-assisted screening revealed, quite unexpectedly, this sequence to be completely identical to that of the translational product encoded by pS2, the human estrogen-responsive gene, over the region extending from residue 25 to 60 (Jakowlew, S. B. et al. (1984) Nucleic Acids Res., 12, 2861-2878).
Three mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive predominantly with cytoplasmic antigens of mucinous type ovarian tumors were produced. OM-A MoAb was reactive with 11 of 14 mucinous type and two of three endometrioid type ovarian tumors, although only a minor population of the tumor cells was positive in the latter type. This MoAb was not reactive with serous type, clear cell type, or other types of ovarian tumors, nor with various types of uterine carcinoma. Normal adult and fetal tissues of female genital organs were not positive with this MoAb. Among nongynecological carcinomas, three of six metastatic tumors to the ovary from the gastrointestinal tract, one of five gastric carcinomas, and one of eight lung adenocarcinomas were positive. As for normal adult and fetal tissues of nongynecological origin, epithelium of the normal stomach, small bowel, and bronchus as well as epithelium of fetal small and large bowel and secretory products were weakly positive. Thus, this MoAb showed a selected specificity against mucinous and endometrioid types of ovarian tumors. OM-B MoAb showed a broader specificity than OM-A, reacting with all mucinous type, two of three endometrioid type, and three of 16 serous type ovarian tumors, but not with clear cell type tumors. Adenoma type, but not squamous type, cervical carcinomas and one-half of endometrial carcinomas were positive. This antigen is present in cervical mucosa, but not in ovary or endometrium. OM-C MoAb showed a specificity similar to, but broader than that of, OM-B; i.e., 11 of 14 mucinous type, two of three endometrioid type, nine of 16 serous type, and one of nine clear cell type ovarian tumors were positive. It is reactive with adenoma type uterine carcinoma and normal mucosa of the uterine cervix and with normal surface epithelium of the oviduct. Among nongynecological tumors, OM-B antigen was present in metastatic tumors to the ovary as well as in gastric and pancreatic carcinomas, while OM-C was in metastatic tumors to the ovary and gastric and colonic carcinomas. Thus, the serological analysis showed that these three MoAbs showed selective specificities to mucinous and endometrioid types of ovarian tumors. Preliminary characterization of these three OM antigens suggested that these are distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen or ABH blood group-related antigens.
Type beta transforming growth factors (TGF) are disulfide-linked homo- and heterodimers of two related polypeptide chains, beta 1 and beta 2. The homodimers TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 are widely distributed, but the heterodimer TGF-beta 1.2 has been found only in porcine platelets (Cheifetz, S., Weatherbee, J.A., Tsang, M.L.-S., Anderson, J.K., Mole, J.E., Lucas, R., and Massagué, J. (1987) Cell 48, 409-415). Here we characterize the receptor binding and biological properties of TGF-beta 1.2 and compare them with those of TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2. Three types of cell surface receptors previously identified by affinity labeling with 125I-TGF-beta 1 are available for binding to TGF-beta 1.2. These three types of receptors are detected as 65-kDa (type I), 85-95-kDa (type II), and 250-350-kDa (type III) affinity-labeled receptor complexes on electrophoresis gels. They co-exist in many cell types, have high affinity for TGF-beta 1, and varying degrees of affinity for TGF-beta 2. Of the 11 cell lines screened in the present study none showed evidence for additional receptor types that would bind TGF-beta 2 but not TGF-beta 1. In receptor competition studies, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 1.2, and TGF-beta 2 competed for binding to type I and type II receptors with a relative order of potencies of 16:5:1 and 12:3:1, respectively, whereas all three forms of TGF-beta were equipotent as ligands for the type III receptors. The three forms of TGF-beta were equally potent at stimulating the biosynthesis of extracellular sulfated proteoglycan in BRL-3A rat liver epithelial cells, a response that presumably involves the type III receptor present in these cells. In contrast, the ability of the three ligands to inhibit the growth of B6SUt-A multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells which display only type I receptors decreased in the order TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 1.2, and TGF-beta 2 with a relative potency of 100:30:1. The results indicate that the presence of one beta 1 chain in TGF-beta 1.2 increases (with respect to TGF-beta 2) the biological potency and binding affinity toward receptor types I and II, but the presence of a second beta 1 chain in the dimer is required for full potency.