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Biomedical subjects

M Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Anomalies in transgenic mice carrying the human interleukin-2 gene.

To elucidate the in vivo function of interleukin-2 (IL-2) we produced transgenic mice with either the human genomic IL-2 gene (hIL-2) or the murine metallothionein-I promoter-human IL-2 fusion gene (MThIL-2). Nine of 12 transgenic mice independently obtained showed motor ataxia (2 mice with hIL-2, and 7 mice with MThIL-2) due to the infiltration of lymphocytes into the cerebellar tissues (Katsuki et al. 1989). In addition to the ataxia shown by both groups of transgenic mice, other features were found with respect to each introduced DNA. The transgenic mice with hIL-2 suffered from alopecia. Lymphocytic infiltrates were found in the skin underlying the hairless regions as well as in the brains. On the other hand, the male transgenic mice with MThIL-2 had atrophic testes. In these male mice, sperm or cells of the later stages of spermatogenesis were depleted in the testes without any apparent signs of an immunological response. These findings suggest that the introduced human IL-2 genes may have the pleiotropic functions of inducing tissue-specific immunological responses in the brain and skin, and of having harmful effects on spermatogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of prognostic factors in early lung cancer].

We evaluated the prognostic factors in 52 cases of resected early lung cancer: hilar early lung cancers 9 cases and peripheral early lung cancers 43 cases. All hilar lesions were squamous cell carcinoma, and peripheral lesions were adenocarcinoma (31 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (10 cases), large cell carcinoma (2 cases) and carcinoid (1 case). No relapse was found in hilar lesions, but 7 relapses and 5 deaths were found in peripheral lesions. Prognostic factors were examined in these cases. Location of lung cancer (hilar or peripheral) was found to be important in early lung cancer. In addition, age was a significant prognostic factor in peripheral early lung cancer with multivariate analysis. No other significant factor was found in our cases. Twelve out of 52 cases with lung cancer had other malignancies after or before operation. These were cancers of second primary lung, colo-rectal, uterus, stomach, breast, thyroid, liver and malignant melanoma. Therefore, we have to carefully observe other parts even after resection of early lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Radiotherapy of aged cancer patients].

Although it is not a categorized modality, cancers of aged patients, generally characterized by a slow growth, histologically high differentiation and low radiosensitivity due to co-existing chronic anemia, should have more individualized treatment because there is a wide spectrum of differences in functional reservoir and tolerance dose of each organs and individuals. In aged cervical cancer of the uterus, we decrease the fractionated and total irradiation dose of a whole pelvic cavity by 10%. For patients more than 80 years old, we principally abandon external beam and singularly chose an intracavitary treatment. In our protocol, there could find no significant difference in 5 year survival between 51-70 y.o. 51.9% (120/231) and 71-80 y.o. 57% (61/107), but in the over 80 y.o. group, it was decreased to 13.6% (3/22) by increased death of other diseases 61.9% (13/21) compared with 18.4% (36/195) in 51-80 y.o. In radiotherapy of advanced lung cancer in aged, we decreased fractionated and total dose by 10 to 20% with minimum irradiation field. In non-small cell carcinoma, a median survival time was 11.5 months in both over and under 70 y.o., although the response rate (CR + PR) was resulted relatively low in aged, 33.3% (N = 45), compared with under 70 y.o., 38.4 (N = 146). The degrees of impairment in respiratory and bone marrow function were similar in both groups. Accordingly, we convinced the efficacy and the necessity of individualized radiotherapy for aged cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical adjuvant therapy, especially neoadjuvant therapy of lung cancer].

The recent 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer who underwent resection is significantly higher than that in the previous decade. The main reason for the improved survival rate seems to be due to more accurate staging, however, we cannot detect micrometastases so that distant relapses in many patients occur after operation. In order to control micrometastases, various kinds of surgical adjuvant therapy have been studied. In an attempt to improve resectability rate and survival in patients with locally advanced disease of non-small cell lung cancer, we initiated a pilot study of neoadjuvant (preoperative) therapy. Most of the 31 patients who were entered into the study clinically showed enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes, with or without direct invasion of the primary tumors to mediastinal organs. The response rate of the treatment was 64.5%. Complete resection of the tumor was performed in 14 of 31 (45%) patients and exploratory thoracotomy was done in one patient. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 of those 15 patients who underwent thoracotomy. Three patients suffered from severe complications such as empyema, pulmonary edema or respiratory failure, but recovered eventually. At present, of 15 patients who underwent operation, 9 are alive and free from disease, 2 are alive with relapse and 4 died of relapses. The median survival time was 11.5 and 19 months in non-resected cases and all cases, respectively. Although we cannot draw a conclusion because of the short observation time, we consider that neoadjuvant therapy is worthy of studying.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Enzyme immunoassay for measuring antibodies against skeletal muscle in patients with myasthenia gravis.

We developed a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for measuring IgG and IgM antibodies against human skeletal muscle (SM) component and tested sera from 100 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 59 with thymoma and 41 without thymoma. We found that the frequency of anti-SM IgG antibodies was significantly higher in MG patients with (81%) than without (37%) thymoma. The titers of the anti-SM IgG antibodies measured by EIA correlated well with those measured by RIA (r = 0.81, P less than 0.01). We also found that 12% of the myasthenic patients with thymoma and 15% without it had anti-SM IgM antibodies. There was no correlation between the titers of the IgG and IgM antibodies. Our EIA provides a measure of anti-SM antibodies that is of comparable sensitivity to that of RIA.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1990

[Three cases of occult thyroid cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastasis manifesting as a mediastinal cyst].

We experienced three cases (one 38-year-old male, 58-year-old and 67-year-old females) whose resected mediastinal cysts proved to be metastatic lymph nodes from occult thyroid cancer. Primary lesions in thyroid gland were detected by echography in all three cases though they were detected in one case out of two by CT, in one out of three by 201T1 scintigraphy, in two out of three by 123I scintigraphy. After these examinations on thyroid gland, operations (one lobectomy, one hemithyroidectomy, one total thyroidectomy) were performed. Primary lesions in thyroid gland were all papillary carcinomas, and ranged 4 x 3 mm to 12 x 10 mm in size. Multiple foci were found in two cases, many intrathyroidal metastases in one case, cervical lymph node metastases in two cases. In cases of mediastinal cyst, thyroid gland should be examined by echography paying attention to the mediastinal lymph node metastasis from occult thyroid cancer. When occult thyroid cancer with mediastinal lymph node metastasis is diagnosed, total thyroidectomy followed by 131I radiation therapy is recommended as the treatment for a primary lesion, because of multiple foci in thyroid gland and intrathyroidal metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Epidural anesthesia with buprenorphine for chest surgery and its prophylactic effects of postoperative pulmonary complications].

To clarify the prophylactic effect of epidural anesthesia with buprenorphine on postoperative pulmonary complications, the incidence of pulmonary complications after chest surgery was evaluated in 2 groups: the group that underwent epidural anesthesia, namely the test group, and the control group. Pulmonary complications were classified as follows: mild complications, sustained wheezing and/or small atelectasis-like shadows seen on chest x-rays. These improved by conventional methods except for bronchial toilet. Moderate complications included pneumonia and/or respiratory failure and/or atelectasis which needed bronchial toilet. There were 56 cases (58%) with no pulmonary complications in the control group and 89 cases (77%) in the test group. The number of patients with pulmonary complications were 40 (42%) in the control group and 27 (23%) in the test group, respectively (p less than 0.01). Those with mild or moderate complications were 25 (26%), 15 (16%) in the control group and 21 (18%), 6 (5%) in the test group, respectively. There was significant difference between no complication group and moderate complication group (p less than 0.01). These results show that epidural anesthesia is useful in preventing pulmonary complications after chest surgery.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1990

[Hospital epidemiology--a comparative case control study of breast and cervical cancers].

To promote the comprehensive measure of cancer prevention for future, a hospital-based epidemiological study on a large scale has started at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. As the first step of this study by using a common questionnaire, a simultaneous case-control study on the two cancers involving 175 cases with breast cancer, 56 cases with cervical cancer and 231 controls was conducted in 1988. Body weight was positively related to breast cancer only in older (50-69) patients. Young age at first birth (less than or equal to 23) increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 4.1). Active and passive smoking increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR = 2.6, 2.3) but only passive smoking increased the risk of older breast cancer (OR = 2.0). Frequent intakes of green vegetables and carrot decreased the risk of younger (30-49) breast cancer (OR = 0.5, 0.5) and cervical cancer (OR = 0.3, 0.5). Some other factors with positive and negative effects on these two cancers were identified in this case-control analysis.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Long-term survival after brain metastases from tracheal carcinoma.

A case of prolonged survival after radiotherapy for primary tracheal squamous cell carcinoma and the subsequent brain metastases is reported. The patient is alive and well without any sign of relapse, approximately six years after the onset of brain metastases from tracheal carcinoma. Radiotherapy proved useful in the treatment of both the primary tracheal carcinoma and the brain metastases.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of aortic dissection by ultrafast computed tomography].

We report usefulness of ultrafast CT (UFCT) in evaluation of aortic dissection, according to the results of examination of 51 patients. By volume mode study of UFCT, aortic dissection was diagnosed in all patients. Fine structures such as intimal tear and ulcer-like projection were depicted in detail. Pulsatile movement of true and false channels was detected by cine study. Precise flow analysis of both channels was available by flow mode study of UFCT. In morphological and functional assessment of aortic dissection, UFCT is superior to conventional scanners, and may be preferable to DSA or MRI.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1990

[Clear visualization of the tracheobronchial tree in complex congenital heart disease using digital subtraction fluorography].

We knew that digital subtraction fluorography (DSF) could clearly visualize the tracheobronchial tree by the respiratory movement. We applied DSF for 54 patients of complex congenital heart disease. In the visualization of the tracheobronchial tree, DSF was significantly superior as compared with the plain chest radiography (p less than 0.01). As this method needs to anesthetize patients to suppress their body movements, there might be some limitation to apply it for routine diagnostic workup. However, noninvasiveness and readiness of diagnosis justifies this method as an optional examination for confirming thoracic situs of complex congenital heart disease.

Bronchography↗
PubMed1990

Alteration of plasma sex hormone levels associated with old age and its effect on hepatic drug metabolism in rats.

A mechanism of age-associated alterations in plasma sex hormone levels as well as their effect on drug metabolizing enzyme activities were studied using male and female Fischer 344 rats of ages ranging between 3 and 30 months. Plasma testosterone levels as well as the activity of the rate limiting enzyme required for testosterone production in testes, androstenedione 17 beta-oxido-reductase, decreased with senescence in parallel with the alteration of drug metabolism whereas activity of hepatic microsomal androstenedione 5 alpha-reductase, the testosterone metabolizing enzyme, increased with age. The profile of drug metabolizing activities with imipramine, diazepam, hexobarbital, lidocaine, p-nitroanisole and androstenedione as substrates in old (27-month-old) male rats was almost identical to that in young or old female rats, indicating that neonatal androgenic imprinting of drug metabolism in male rats was erased in senescence. Castration of adult (9-month-old) male rats caused a decrease in drug metabolism, but did not result in complete feminization of the profiles of drug metabolism as was observed in old male rats, indicating that neonatally imprinted male pattern of drug metabolism was still retained in the absence of testosterone in adult male rats. Testosterone administration restored completely male-level activities in castrated adult rats, but caused only a partial recovery in old male rats. It is proposed that senescence associated feminization of the drug-metabolizing ability of the male rat liver may be in part due to the decrease in testosterone levels in old age and in part to the loss of neonatal imprinting.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Functional diagnosis of tracheal stenosis and tracheoplasty in non-neoplastic disease].

Over the past ten years we have performed 47 tracheoplasty for non-neoplastic disease. Of the 47 patients, 17 had post-tracheostomy stenosis and 17 tracheobronchial tuberculosis. Non-neoplastic disease causes stenosis in the trachea to various degrees. Provided the lung function of these patients is not reduced, tracheoplasty may not be necessary. Functional diagnosis of the tracheal stenosis is therefore important in determining the indications for tracheoplasty in this condition. Clinically, evaluation of the flow plateau of the flow-volume curve has been utilized as a method for detection of fixed upper airway obstruction and the ratio of FEV1.0 to PEFR is helpful for an assessment of the degree of stenosis. But it has not been explained why the ratio correlates with the degree of stenosis. In this study, fixed-type tracheal stenosis was simulated in seven normal subjects by the use of a mouthpiece with an orifice of variable diameter. We derived the experimental formulae of FEV1.0/PEFR as follows. FEV1.0/Qp = FVC/Qp-e2(FVC/Qp-1.5)/2 Qp = 48.7 alpha 1.12 (1-1.1 alpha) (Qp; the plateau flow of the flow-volume curve) (alpha; the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the stenotic portion to that of normal trachea) The values of FEV1.0/Qp calculated from FVC and alpha using these formulae were equal to or in the neighborhood of the experimental values. On the basis of these calculations we concluded that the ratio FEV1.0/PEFR is helpful in the assessment of the degree of stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Improved radioassay of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody: application for the detection of extremely low antibody titers in sera from patients with myasthenia gravis.

We examined sera from 113 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Most of the patients with ocular MG without thymoma and 15% of the patients with generalized MG had immunoprecipitation (IP) titers of anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies within the normal range for healthy subjects. We developed a highly sensitive radioassay using Staphylococcus aureus cells, and re-examined the 86 serum samples that had negative titers by IP. Using the radioassay, we detected anti-AChR antibodies in 27 (31%) of these myasthenic sera, of which 19 were from ocular MG patients without thymoma. By combining the standard IP assay and our new radioassay, we increased to 50% the overall percent positivity of detecting nonblocking-type antibodies in ocular MG patients without thymoma. We detected no anti-AChR antibodies in nearly all patients with various immunological and neurological diseases other than MG, and in all the healthy controls. The data for these sera indicate that in some cases the standard IP assay gives false-negative reactions. Thus, use of the more sensitive radioassay is preferable for accuracy.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1990

[Randomized study of initial treatment with radiation.MCNU or radiation.MCNU.interferon-beta for malignant glioma. Hiroshima Brain Tumor Study Group].

The efficacy of radiation.MCNU (MR group) or radiation.MCNU.interferon-beta (IMR group) for malignant glioma was studied by a randomized trial at numerous medical facilities. MR group was irradiated with 50-60 Gy and intravenously injected with 2 mg/kg of MCNU on the initial day of irradiation and 6 weeks later. IMR group was also given intravenous administration of interferon-beta at the dose of 2 x 10(6) IU/m2 for 5 serial-days every eight weeks. There was no difference in background between the two groups. The response rate in MR group and IMR group was 44.4% (4/9) and 30.0% (3/10), respectively, showing no significant difference. The resected tumor volume before the start of these regimens seemed to correlate the response to the treatment in both groups. The major toxicity was myelosuppression, especially using MCNU with interferon-beta. These results indicated that this combined therapy is effective for malignant glioma, and should be executed further trials and follow up study.

Adult↗