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Biomedical subjects

M Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of long-term treatment with somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) on pituitary tumor shrinkage in acromegaly--report of two cases.

The effect of long-term somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995) treatment in two acromegalic patients is reported. Continuous tumor shrinkage was observed even after 129 and 139 weeks of treatment with 600 micrograms of SMS 201-995 daily. A huge and firm adenoma underwent shrinkage during treatment with SMS 201-995. No serious side effect appeared during 160 weeks of treatment. SMS 201-995 has a longterm tumor shrinkage effect and improves endocrinopathies.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1992

Increased respiratory burst activity of neutrophils in patients with aplastic anemia: effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

The superoxide (O2-)-releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the priming effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on FMLP-induced O2-release were investigated in neutrophils from 13 patients with aplastic anemia (AA). The O2(-)-releasing capacity of AA neutrophils (0.85 +/- 0.36 nmol/5 min/1 x 10(5) cells, n = 13) was significantly (p < 0.01) increased as compared with that of normal neutrophils (0.24 +/- 0.12 nmol/5 min/1 x 10(5) cells, n = 17). There was no close relationship between the O2(-)-releasing capacity and the peripheral blood neutrophil count or the plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The plasma concentrations of G-CSF and GM-CSF were not elevated to the detectable levels (< 0.1 ng/ml and < 0.2 ng/ml, respectively) in all patients tested. FMLP-induced O2(-)-release was further enhanced by pretreatment of cells with rhG-CSF or rhGM-CSF for 10 min at 37 degrees C, except that no significant priming by rhG-CSF was observed in five patients. The priming effect of rhGM-CSF was consistently greater than that of rhG-CSF in all patients. The i.v. administration of rhGM-CSF (6 micrograms/kg body weight/day) to one patient resulted in an increase in neutrophil O2(-)-release stimulated by FMLP. These findings indicate that neutrophils from AA patients are already primed in vivo for enhanced release of O2- and that these neutrophil functions are further potentiated by rhG-CSF or rhGM-CSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Crosslinking of proteins in acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo californica: relation of 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin to acetylcholine receptor.

We examined the spatial relation of 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin, which are cytoplasmic peripheral membrane proteins in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-rich membranes, to AChR. We used three kinds of the heterobifunctional crosslinking reagents to crosslink proteins in the AChR-rich membranes. Products crosslinked by SMPB (14.5 A span) including 43-kD protein and Torpedo dystrophin appeared at the tops of the stacking gels at the concentrations of 8.89 x 10(-5)M to 8.89 x 10(-3)M SMPB. High molecular weight materials (crosslinked products) increased with increasing concentrations of the crosslinker. On the other hand, band intensity of alpha, beta, and delta subunits of AChR remained unchanged up to a concentration of 2.67 x 10(-3)M SMPB, while the band of gamma subunit diminished at the same concentrations as did that of the 43-kD protein. Torpedo dystrophin was also crosslinked at the same concentrations as were effective for the 43-kD protein and gamma subunit. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the 43-kD protein is intimately associated with the gamma subunit of AChR and Torpedo dystrophin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neurotoxin-binding activity in the supernatant fraction of the electric organ from Torpedo californica.

We found neurotoxin-binding activities in the supernatant fraction obtained by ultracentrifugation of a homogenate of the electric organ dissected from the electric ray, Torpedo californica. While about half of the activity was estimated as due to acetylcholine receptors in dispersed microparticles, the remainder was unassigned. A part of the latter, detected with alpha-bungarotoxin, eluted ahead of the alpha-bungarotoxin-acetylcholine receptor complex on a Sepharose CL-6B column in the presence of 1% Triton X-100. Another component eluted after this complex. Although these activities were immunologically related to AChR, they were different from AChR in their size and reactivity with Concanavalin A. We are currently seeking to characterize these toxin-binding components at present. The existence of such activities is interesting since they may possibly function in regulating signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoid tumor of the lung: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies.

Carcinoid tumors of the lung in 10 patients were treated surgically and both the clinicopathological manifestations and immunohistochemistry were examined in detail. Five were central carcinoid tumors, located in the main, lobar or segmental bronchus and five were peripheral carcinoid tumors, located in the subsegmental bronchus or beyond. Histologically, eight of the tumors were typical carcinoid tumors, one was an atypical carcinoid tumor, and one a carcinoid tumorlet. Three growth types were also established: polypoid type, iceberg type and intrapulmonary type. The central carcinoid tumors belonged either to the polypoid type or iceberg type, while the peripheral carcinoid tumors were of the intrapulmonary type. Both the iceberg and intrapulmonary types may invade the peribronchial or parenchymal tissues more frequently than does the polypoid type. Immunohistochemically, argyrophilia and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected in all the tumors examined and six stained for polypeptide hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and/or pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Of these, five had epithelial markers such as keratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and/or carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA). These findings suggest that a carcinoid tumor of the lung originates from primitive multipotential stem cells such as those of a neuroendocrine or epithelial nature.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1992

[Combination chemotherapy with 254-S, ifosfamide and peplomycin for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer].

From favorable results with 254-S, a new cisplatin analogue, single administration, we have conducted a clinical study to investigate the efficacy of combination of 254-S, ifosfamide and peplomycin, each of which has a different dose limiting factor. A total of 45 patients, including 22 patients with stage III and IV cervical cancer and 23 cases with recurrent cervical cancer, were treated with at least two courses of 254-S (100mg/m2, iv. Day 1), ifosfamide (1,500mg/body, iv. Day 1-5) and peplomycin (5mg/body, im. Day 1-6), and tumor response was evaluated clinically and by CT scanning. The response rate obtained in patients with advanced disease was 81.8% (PR = 17, CR = 1) and that in cases with recurrence was 60.9% (PR = 12, CR = 2). Myelosuppression was the dose limiting factor. In the 121 courses, grade 3 and 4 of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed with an incidence of 44% and 32%, respectively and DIC occurred in 3 cases with poor PS though they recovered after reducing the 254-S dose to 80 mg/m2. The other toxicities were mild except for alopecia. Anaphylaxia was observed in a case at the second administration though the patient recovered in 15 minutes. There was no death. As to prognosis, a significant prolongation of survival period was observed in recurrent cases and 4 cases are alive (NED) after one and a half year. In the advanced cases, until now 3 cases of stage IV have died from the disease. We have concluded that this regimen is effective as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer and useful for the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[An operated case of malignant localized mesothelioma of the pleura].

An operable case of pedunculated localized mesothelioma of the pleura, a 62-year-old male, came to our clinic with chief complaint of chest X-ray abnormal shadow. On suspicion of pleural tumor, resection was performed. The operative findings revealed that the tumor was arising from visceral pleura of S1 + 2 a segment of left upper lobe, and didn't invade into peripheral tissue. The microscopic findings revealed that the tumor was consist of spindle tumor cells and capillary-like lesions, and had high cellularity and many mitosis. The tumor was diagnosed as localized malignant mesothelioma. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed using six monoclonal antibodies, vimentin, CEA, EMA, keratin (AE1, AE3), Leu-M1. Only vimentin reacted with tumor cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical versus non-surgical treatment in patients with esophageal varices--a prospective randomized study].

In Japan, non-shunting procedures and selective shunt such as esophageal transection (ET), and distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) have been widely performed. A prospective randomized trial was done to assess the effects of EIS and DSRS for treating patients with esophageal varices. Ninety-six Japanese with good liver function (Child A or B) and large esophageal varices were randomly assigned to one of three groups given different treatments; (EIS, n = 32), (ET, n = 32) and (DSRS, n = 32). Five patients (15.6%) of the DSRS group has to be excluded from this study, because of severe chronic pancreatitis. No patient died within 30 days of the treatments. The 5-year cumulative bleeding rates were 0%, 4.3% and 12.1% in the EIS, ET and DSRS groups, respectively, with no statistical significances. In no case in the three groups did the death occur because of variceal bleeding. Nineteen patients died mainly due to the underlying liver disease; 5 in the EIS, 5 in the ET and 9 in the DSRS group. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rates among the three groups. We conclude that EIS is a satisfactory alternative to ET or DSRS for the management of patients with large esophageal varices.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of growth failure in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Growth patterns were surveyed in 303 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had remained in continuous first complete remission for a minimum of 1 year (median 3 years). Chemotherapy was given for 3 years, and central nervous system prophylaxis consisted of cranial irradiation at a total dose of 18 Gy or intravenous high-dose methotrexate (1.5-6 g/m2 for three to six doses). Intensive chemotherapy, including cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cytosine arabinoside was given to children with high-risk features. Two of 205 children with low- or intermediate-risk features and 13 of 98 children with high-risk features showed a decrease in the growth rate of less than -2 SD. In 14 of these 15 patients, the age at onset was over 9 years and growth failure became most predominant in the prepubertal period: ten of these children showed a tendency toward delayed pubertal development, but eight showed later catch-up growth with pubertal maturation after completion of chemotherapy. Thus, chemotherapy appeared to contribute temporarily to the growth failure and gonadal impairment that occurred in the prepubertal period. No obvious correlation between the administered cranial irradiation and growth failure was found, but further study with a longer follow-up will be necessary to determine the long-term effects of irradiation on subsequent growth patterns in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Splenic hyperkinetic state and splenic artery aneurysm in portal hypertension.

Forty-eight out of six hundred and thirty patients with portal hypertension undergoing a celiac angiography series were diagnosed as cases of splenic artery aneurysm during the period 1977-1988. The case-control study of patients with portal hypertension with splenic artery aneurysms and those without was designed to characterize the angiological features. The splenic arterial flow was assessed by measuring the radii of the splenic arteries on celiac arteriograms. In the portal hypertensive patients with splenic artery aneurysms, the splenic artery was larger (p < 0.05) and the splenic arterial flow greater (p < 0.05), and these patients were in a more hyperkinetic state, than were those with no splenic artery aneurysm. The study suggests that splenic artery aneurysms in cases of portal hypertension may be the consequence of a hyperkinetic state in the spleen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Preoperative high CEA level in lung cancer patients: significant of measurement of serum CEA level among preoperative and postoperative course in long time observed patient].

We measured pre- and postoperative CEA level in 330 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer at Kyushu Cancer Center Hospital between 1983 and 1986 using RIA method. There were 93 patients with high preoperative serum CEA level above 5 ng/ml. The interrelationships among preoperative serum CEA level, prognostic factors, outcome, and postoperative change of CEA level were investigated in the 93 patients. Five-year survival rate of patients with preoperative serum CEA level ranging from 5.0 to 10.0 ng/ml (N = 53) was 60.0%, while that of patients with preoperative CEA level over 10.1 ng/ml (N = 40) was 24.6% (P less than 0.05). Recurrent rate was higher in patients with preoperative CEA level over 10.1 ng/ml, especially in those with lung cancer at stages I or II. However, patients with preoperative CEA level about 50 ng/ml, showed good outcome after curative resection. All 12 patients in whom postoperative serum CEA level did not return to normal died within 4 years, indicating that normalization of CEA level is an important factor in prognosis. This study indicates that among lung cancer patients with high serum CEA level, the preoperative CEA level and postoperative change of CEA level are apparently prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-bullous ventilation of giant bulla: does slow ventilation space on multi-breath nitrogen washout test mean that giant bulla is present?].

Intra-bullous ventilation and uneven ventilation in patients with giant bulla were studied by the multi-breath nitrogen washout and 133Xe washout tests. Fourteen patients underwent the nitrogen washout test before and after bullectomy; 2 of them also underwent the 133Xe washout test before surgery. After bullectomy, pulmonary nitrogen clearance delay and alveolar dilution rate (ADR) of slow ventilation space improved significantly (p less than 0.01) from 202.5% to 51.5%, and from 0.98 to 0.95, respectively. The dilution rate of 133Xe in the bullous region, based on the 133Xe clearance curve, showed the same values as the nitrogen washout test. Therefore, we considered that bullous ventilation could be estimated by the ADR of the nitrogen washout test and that uneven ventilation resulted from the ADR difference between the giant bulla and the nonbullous lung. When the nonbullous lung region was emphysematous, however, it was impossible to estimate the intra-bullous ventilation from the nitrogen washout test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Periodical changes in diagnosis and treatment of ovarian tumors].

Malignant ovarian tumors are one of the most rapidly changing gynecological malignancies concerning diagnosis and treatment during the last 20 years. Clinical cases of about 1,000 malignant ovarian tumors including borderline malignancies enlisted in the Tokai Ovarian Cancer Study Group were analyzed for periodical improvement. A comparison between the 460 cases treated in 1974-1979 and the 574 cases treated in 1980-1985, revealed a nearly 20% improvement in the 5-year survival rate. Also another comparison was made for ovarian carcinoma according to the clinical stage. Periodical improvement was shown in all clinical stages in almost the same amount, which was about 20% or more. The 5-year death rate was compared in accordance with age of patient and histological type of the tumor. Dominant progression was observed in younger generation under forty years of age, and in serous carcinoma and yolk sac tumor. However, no progression was observed for patients in their sixties and unclassified carcinoma. Periodical changes of findings in autopsy were compared between cases autopsied in 1968 and in 1988, according to the annual paper reported by Japan Pathological Society. Number of autopsied cases for malignant ovarian tumors were increased 3 times in 1988. In 1968, nearly 60% of the malignant ovarian tumors were treated by doctors in internal medicine, surgery and radiology etc., rather than gynecology, which was partly because the primary site of the cancer was unknown during the clinical course and partly because the gynecologist gave up treatment of patients in advanced cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Further characterization of allergenically active oligosaccharitols isolated from a sea squirt H-antigen.

Complete primary structures of five allergenically active oligosaccharitols (HPG-beta 2-N5a, -N6, -N7a, -N7b, and -N9) derived from a sea squirt H-antigen were studied. Structural characterization was carried out by a new method in which products of limited periodate oxidation, followed by derivatization with p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, were analyzed by a combination of HPLC, fast atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, sequential glycosidase digestion, methylation analysis, and 500-MHz 1H NMR. Established structures of GalNAc beta 1-4 (GalNAc alpha 1-2Fuc alpha 1-3) GlcNAc beta 1-3GalNAc-ol, GalNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3 (GalNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-6) GalNAc-ol, GalNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3[GalNAc beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3) GlcNAc beta 1-6] GalNAc-ol, GalNAc beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3) GlcNAc beta 1-3[GalNAc beta 1-4 (Fuc alpha 1-3) GlcNAc beta 1-6] GalNAc-ol, and GalNAc beta 1-4 (GalNAc alpha 1-2Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-3 [GalNAc beta 1-4 (GalNAc alpha 1-2Fuc alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-6]GalNAc-ol are represented by HPG-beta 2-N5a, -N6, -N7a, -N7b, and -N9, respectively. These structures have not been encountered previously. Oligosaccharide units GalNAc alpha 1-2Fuc alpha 1-, GalNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-, and Fuc alpha 1-3GlcNAc beta 1- are considered to be the allergenically specific epitopes. Partial assignments of 500-MHz 1H NMR spectra of these novel O-linked oligosaccharitols were attempted.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

Anti-skeletal muscle and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in patients with thymoma without myasthenia gravis: relation to the onset of myasthenia gravis.

We measured the anti-skeletal muscle (SM) antibody titers in sera from 46 patients with thymoma but without Myasthenia gravis (MG) in order to determine whether the presence of anti-SM antibody is linked to the combination of thymoma-MG, or to thymoma alone. We detected anti-SM antibodies in 18 of these sera, of which 15 had concomitantly elevated titers of anti-AChR antibodies. Moreover, 9 of whom had experienced the onset of MG after surgery. In contrast, no patient without elevations in both antibodies developed MG during the followup. We conclude that the presence of anti-SM antibodies is linked strongly with thymoma associated with MG, but not with thymoma alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Construction of a novel suicide vector: selection for Escherichia coli HB101 recombinants carrying the DNA insert.

We constructed a new type of cloning vector, pERISH2, that transforms Escherichia coli HB101 only when a foreign DNA fragment is ligated into the cloning site of the plasmid vector. Plasmid pERISH2 carries the rcsB gene which is derived from the chromosome of E. coli HB101 and is involved in the regulation of colanic acid production. When E. coli HB101 is transformed by this vector carrying the intact rcsB gene, the gene product RcsB blocks bacterial growth. However, if the rcsB gene is inactivated by the insertion of a foreign DNA fragment, this recombinant plasmid no longer inhibits the growth of E. coli HB101. Although E. coli HB101 is not stably transformed by pERISH2, E. coli K-12 strains such as JM109 and C600 can harbor this vector. Therefore, pERISH2 can be amplified in JM109 and be prepared from this strain in a large quantity using conventional methods. A chromosomal gene library of Klebsiella pneumoniae is constructed easily and efficiently by the utilization of this new cloning vector.

Blotting, Southern↗