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Biomedical subjects

M Ohta

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohta.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of acute salt loading on vasopressin mRNA level in the rat brain.

To assess the mutual relationship between acute osmotic stimulation and arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene expression, 2 ml/100 g body weight of 0.9 M NaCl was intraperitoneally administered into conscious rats. They were decapitated to collect blood and brain samples before and 15 min and 1, 3, 6, and 9 h after the injection. The total RNA from the hypothalamus or whole brain tissue was used to determine AVP mRNA by Northern blot analyses with a complementary DNA probe. Plasma AVP and osmolality increased rapidly and transiently 15 min and 1 and 3 h after the injection. AVP mRNA was detected in the hypothalamus but not in the brain tissue without hypothalamus under basal and stimulated conditions. Brain AVP mRNA increased 2.2-fold at 3 h and 1.7-fold at 6 h (P < 0.05-0.01). These increases appeared to be due to the appearance of AVP mRNA with the shorter migration in the gel. These results suggest that an acute osmotic challenge increases AVP mRNA with size heterogeneity within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract.

Actins↗
PubMed1994

The pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in chronic pulmonary disease: morphological assessment with magnified pulmonary wedge angiography.

To detect hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) morphologically, we investigated the pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in 27 patients with chronic pulmonary disease (CPD) and 8 healthy subjects. Pulmonary hemodynamic measurements and magnified pulmonary wedge angiography (MPWA) were carried out before and after inhalation of 13% oxygen in nitrogen for 15 min. The diameters of central arteries (A) and muscular arteries (B) were measured using a densitometric method. Vasoconstriction was detected in the muscular arteries than in the central arteries by MPWA. There was a significant correlation between delta P (changes of mean PA pressure) and delta B/A (changes in diameters of B/A) in the CPD group. A significant correlation was found between delta SvO2 and delta B/A in the control group. We conclude that MPWA was a very useful method for the simple detection of HPV in patients with CPDs and we detected one site of HPV on the ninth generation of the pulmonary arterial tree by MPWA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in human glioma and meningioma tissues.

We examined the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1), namely FLG, in tissues of 18 human gliomas, 10 human meningiomas, 3 human metastatic brain tumors, and 2 normal human brains by means of immunohistochemistry. All tissues were positively stained for FGFR-1. Primary brain tumors were more abundantly immunoreactive than normal brain tissues (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). There was significant correlation between the expression level of basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF) and that of FGFR-1 in tissues of human glioma (Spearman's test, P < 0.05). The expression level of FGFR-1 of tumor cells increased in correlation with that of endothelial cells in glioma tissues (Spearman's test, P < 0.001). We previously reported that basic FGF is produced in more than 90% of human glioma and meningioma tissues. Together with these data, it is suggested that basic FGF is involved in autonomous cell growth and tumorigenesis of gliomas and meningiomas as an autocrine growth factor in vivo.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical reactions for fibroblast growth factor receptor in arteries of patients with moyamoya disease.

The cause of moyamoya disease remains unknown, and pathophysiological mechanisms remain uncertain. Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is a pluripotent polypeptide that has been shown to play roles in angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and many other processes. In a previous study, we demonstrated immunohistochemically that the amount of basic FGF was increased above normal in the superficial temporal artery (STA) of patients with moyamoya disease. To clarify the function of basic FGF in moyamoya disease, we have performed an immunohistochemical study of the STA using a polyclonal antihuman FGF receptor antibody and also have tested immunohistochemical reactions for basic FGF. Twelve surgical specimens of the STA from patients with moyamoya disease were studied. Twelve specimens of the STA from skin flaps of patients with other neurological diseases were also investigated for comparison. The sections of the STA from patients with moyamoya disease showed dense and strong FGF receptor and basic FGF immunoreactivity in endothelial cells, in cells scattered in the thickened intima, and in smooth muscle cells in the media. In contrast, the sections of the STA of control patients showed faint basic FGF immunoreactivity. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of basic FGF immunoreactivity between moyamoya disease and other neurological diseases (chi 2 = 23; P = 0.0001). Moderately intense FGF receptor immunoreactivity was observed in most control patients. However, the statistical analysis revealed a significant difference of FGF receptor immunoreactivity between moyamoya disease and other neurological diseases (chi 2 = 13.382; P = 0.0012).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Studies on dissolution tests for soft gelatin capsules. IV. Dissolution test of nifedipine soft gelatin capsule containing water soluble vehicles by the rotating dialysis cell method.

The dissolution of oval soft gelatin capsules containing 5 mg of nifedipine dissolved in a water soluble vehicle was evaluated by the rotating dialysis cell (RDC) method and the paddle (PD) method as described in the Japanese Pharmacopoiea (JP) XI. The dissolution pattern of nifedipine obtained by the PD method was linear, and almost 100% of the content was dissolved within 7 to 10 min. The dissolution pattern obtained by the RDC method corresponded to the absorption pattern vs. time curve obtained by th oral administration test in humans. When the RDC method was performed with the cell containing a buffered solution coupled with n-octanol as the dissolution medium, the in vitro dissolution pattern best simulated the in vivo absorption pattern.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1994

Effects of an acute water load on plasma ANP and AVP, and renal water handling in hypothyroidism: comparison of before and after L-thyroxine treatment.

To assess whether atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) participate in impaired water excretion in patients with hypothyroid states (HS), an oral acute water loading (WL) test (20 ml/kg.BW/45 min) was performed before and after L-thyroxine (T4) treatment in 5 hypothyroid patients. Plasma ANP, AVP, osmolality (Posm), total protein and renal water excretion were simultaneously determined, and these data were compared to the data from five normal subjects (NS). The impaired water excretion rate in HS was entirely improved in the euthyroid states (ES) after T4 therapy for at least 7 months. Plasma ANP in HS was lower than that in NS (5.9 +/- 0.9 vs. 16.5 +/- 3.6 pmol/L, P < 0.05), but increased after T4 treatment (21.2 +/- 5.7 pmol/L, P < 0.05). Plasma AVP in HS (1.6 +/- 0.5 pmol/L) showed a tendency to be lower than those in ES and NS (2.9 +/- 0.4 and 2.9 +/- 0.7 pmol/L), but did not respond to a fall in Posm after WL, unlike ES and NS. Significant positive correlations were noticed between Posm and plasma AVP in ES and NS, but not in HS. These results suggest that not only the impaired release and/or metabolisms of AVP and ANP, but also derangement of renal water and electrolytes handling might induce attenuation of CH2O formation in hypothyroid states.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of interleukin-1 beta on blood pressure, thermoregulation, and the release of vasopressin, ACTH and atrial natriuretic hormone.

To assess how interleukins (IL) affect the release of vasopressin (AVP), atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH), and ACTH and the regulation of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT), the 3 doses of 1.73 (low dose, LD), 8.63 (medium dose, MD), and 43.16 pmol/100 gBW (high dose, HD) of human recombinant IL-1 beta were intravenously (iv) administered in conscious rats, and plasma AVP, ANH, and ACTH, BP, HR and RT were determined simultaneously. In the control group (CON), the drug was omitted. Circulatory IL-1 beta levels were determined in each dose, and indomethacin (1 mg/rat, IM) was administered iv in the HD and CON groups. Plasma IL-1 beta increased transiently following IL-1 beta administration in each group. Plasma AVP, ANH, and ACTH increased in the LD, MD, and HD groups, respectively. Mean arterial BP (MABP) and RT increased in the LD group, but HR did not change. In the MD and HD groups, MABP decreased at 30 min followed by its increase at 120 min, but RT in both groups decreased. In the CON group, these parameters did not change. IM attenuated plasma AVP and ACTH responses to HD and also inhibited decreases in MABP and RT. These results suggest that IL-1 beta affects the release of AVP and ACTH, blood pressure and thermogenesis via prostaglandins (PGs), but ANH release related to IL-1 beta may not be mediated by PGs.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on vasopressin and atrial natriuretic hormone release, thermogenesis and cardiovascular functions in response to interleukin-1 beta in rats.

To assess whether nitric oxide (NO) formed by IL-1 beta affects vasopressin (AVP) and atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) release and the regulation of blood pressure and body temperature, intravenous infusion of either N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) alone (50 micrograms/kg.body weight.min for 135 min), human recombinant interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) alone (750 ng/kg.body weight.min for 120 min), or L-NAME (50 micrograms/kg.body weight.min for 135 min) with IL-1 beta (750 ng/kg.body weight.min for 120 min), was performed following priming doses of L-NAME (2 mg/kg.body weight) and IL-1 beta (7.5 micrograms/kg.body weight) into conscious rats (n = 6 each). In the control group, saline alone was administered. Plasma AVP and ANH, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR) and rectal temperature (RT) were determined. In response to L-NAME, plasma AVP significantly increased, but plasma ANH did not change, despite increases in MABP and decreases in HR. In response to IL-1 beta, both plasma AVP and ANH increased with decreases in MABP and RT without any changes in HR. With L-NAME and IL-1 beta, both plasma AVP and ANH increased, and depressor response to IL-1 beta was partly attenuated by L-NAME, without any changes in RT. With saline alone, none of these parameters changed during the study. These results suggest that NO may directly affect the release of AVP and ANH and the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, but NO formed by IL-1 beta may not have direct effects on the release of these hormones, and the regulation of blood pressure and temperature.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

Efficacy of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative, BOF-A2, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A multi-center phase II study.

Oral BOF-A2 (Emitefur), a new derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) containing both 1-ethoxymethyl-5-FU (EMFU), a masked form of 5-FU, and 3-cyano-2,6-dihydroxypyridine (CNDP), an inhibitor of 5-FU degradation, was administered to 71 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in a multi-center phase II study. The patients were scheduled to receive at least 2 courses of treatment, each consisting of 200 mg twice daily for 2 weeks followed by a 2-week rest period. Out of 62 evaluable patients, 11 (18%) responded (8 of 44 adeno- and 3 of 15 squamous cell carcinomas). Thirty-four patients showed no change and 17 progressive disease. The incidences of grade > or = 2 hematologic toxicity were 5-8% for leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The incidences of non-hematologic toxicity of grade > or = 2, such as anorexia, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea, were close to 20% or lower.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Side effects of interferon on endocrine and respiratory system in 545 cases of chronic hepatitis C].

We investigated the side effects of interferon (IFN) on the endocrine and respiratory system in 545 cases of chronic hepatitis C. Eleven of 494 (2.2%) patients with chronic hepatitis C who were treated with natural or recombinant interferon (IFN) developed thyroid disease while on treatment. Eight patients developed hyperthyroidism and 3 patients developed hypothyroidism. All 11 patients required definitive therapy, who became euthyroid after the therapy. Two patients received nIFN alpha and one patient received rIFN alpha 2b developed diabetes mellitus. Two patients received rIFN alpha 2a and rIFN alpha 2b, respectively, developed interstitial pneumonia 12 weeks and 24 weeks later, respectively. One patient showed positive reaction for RA test and LE factor and positive LE cell, and complained of fever, arthralgia and dry cough. These phenomenon disappeared after the cessation of IFN therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A new thymopoietin precursor gene from human thymus.

Thymopoietin-related peptide (TPRP) gene was identified and cloned from a human thymus cDNA library. The cloned cDNA encoded a mature TPRP including the active site of thymopoietin (TP) (residues 32-36). TPRP and bovine TP were very similar in amino acid sequence, each being a 49 amino acid linear polypeptide. TPRP differed in only one residue from bovine putative TP and in only five residues from bovine TP I; whereas TPRP differed much more, at 12 amino acid residues, from human TP from thymus. This suggests that TPRP is a novel peptide and a genuine counterpart of the bovine TP.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Hilar type squamous cell carcinoma confined within the bronchial wall with hilar lymph node metastasis: a case report].

A 60-year-old male patient visited our hospital for evaluation of positive sputum cytology. A chest X-ray film revealed no abnormal shadows. Bronchofiberscopy showed a protruding lesion at the spur between left B8 and B9. Histological findings indicated squamous cell carcinoma. Left lower lobectomy with hilar and mediastinal lymph node dissection was performed. The tumor did not infiltrate beyond the bronchial cartilage on postoperative histologic examination. However, hilar lymph node (#12 l) metastasis was identified. Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is mandatory even in the hilar type lung cancer confined within the bronchial wall.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1994

Bacteriological evaluation of a new air turbine handpiece for preventing cross-contamination in dental procedures.

An autoclavable air turbine handpiece, Air Flushing Clean System (AFCS) (Osada Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was developed for use in dentistry with the objective of reducing cross-contamination. Its potential for bacterial contamination was investigated in vitro using two bacterial strains (Streptococcus mutants ATCC 25175 and Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209 P). In theory, this device should prevent cross-contamination of the internal water and air lines of the handpiece, by maintaining an internal positive pressure even after the turbine is stopped. In the present study, this AFCS device was found to reduce the bacterial contamination within the air turbine handpiece more effectively than the conventional handpiece used according to accepted protocol. The reduction of such contamination by the AFCS is in keeping with the recent objective of the American Dental Association to reduce cross-contamination during dental procedures.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1994

[Omental pedicle flap for chronic empyema].

We have used the omental pedicle flap (OPF) method to treat 10 patients with chronic empyema secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Since 1987 they included 9 men and one woman ranging from 48 to 70 years in age. Two patients were required re-operation because of residual bronchopleural fistulas, and the additional procedures (muscle plombage and thoracoplasty) performed in order to close residual dead space produced more severe thoracic deformity and pulmonary dysfunction. In our first successful case, complete thoracoplasty combined with the OPF method also produced pulmonary dysfunction. On the other hand, thoracic deformity was avoided in 3 other patients and 4 patients without thoracoplasty showed better pulmonary function postoperatively. A comparison of the re-operated patients with the successful cases highlighted two important points regarding the OPF method. One is the need for firm fixation of the OPF to a fistula. We usually place a muscular pedicle flap over the OPF, and add limited thoracoplasty as necessary. The other important point is the control of infection. Open window thoracostomy before the OPF method is effective in patients with active infection. The OPF method is an effective radical operation for severe empyema even when residual dead space is present, and it can also be applied to patients with poor pulmonary function.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Hemodynamic study of splenic artery aneurysm in portal hypertension.

In our ongoing studies on the hemodynamics of splenic artery aneurysms (SAA) in portal hypertension, 32 patients with portal hypertension were examined by duplex sonography and angiography. Four out of 32 (12.5%) had SAA, and SAA(+) and SAA(-) groups were formed. On duplex sonography, splenic venous blood flow in the SAA(+) group (1058 +/- 211 ml/min) increased more than in the SAA(-) group (423 +/- 173 ml/min, p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in portal venous flow. On angiography, there were significant differences in the diameters of the splenic arteries between the SAA(+) group (7.5 +/- 0.5 mm) and the SAA(-) group (5.6 +/- 1.0 mm, p < 0.01). All patients (100%) in the SAA(+) group had prominent portosystemic shunts, while 8 out of 28 (28.6%) in the SAA(-) group had these shunts (p < 0.05). Thus, there seems to be a splenic hyperkinetic state in patients with SAA and portal hypertension, a finding which may closely relate to the pathogenesis of SAA.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Parvovirus B19-induced aplastic crisis in a patient with iron deficiency anemia].

A 38-year-old female was referred to Takaoka City Hospital for treatment of common-cold-like symptom and an episode of transient unconsciousness. Physical examination on admission revealed severe anemia and an ejection heart murmur. Complete blood count revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia (Hb 4.1 g/dl), leukocytopenia (2.600/microliters), thrombocytopenia (7.1 x 10(4)/microliters) and reticulocytopenia (17,000/microliters). The bone marrow cellularity was within normal limits. Cells in the erythroid series were decreased to 5% of total bone marrow nucleated cells with maturation arrest at the level of proerythroblasts. Giant proerythroblasts were observed in 0.2% of marrow nucleated cells. No stainable iron was seen. Both anti-parvovirus B19 IgM antibody and IgG antibody were positive in the serum and parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in the bone marrow cells by polymerase chain reaction. From these results, iron deficiency anemia complicated with pure red cell aplasia secondary to parvovirus B19-induced infection was diagnosed. The anemia gradually improved with administration of sodium ferrous citrate one month after admission. Parvovirus B19 has been reported to cause an aplastic crisis in the patients who has a rapid red cell turn over such as hemolytic anemia or acute blood loss. This report suggested that severe aplastic crisis is also induced in patients with iron deficiency anemia by parvovirus B19-induced infection and warns that careful observation is necessary for the follow up of patients with iron deficiency anemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A case of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with myeloblastoma in the oral cavity developing after receiving all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)].

A 44-year-old woman was diagnosed as having acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in April 1988. On her first admission, chromosomal translocation (15; 17), +8, and +12 was detected. When she was readmitted to our hospital with the second relapse in May 1990, t(3; 13) and +8 was detected, instead of t(15;17). Complete remission was re-achieved with VP-16, MIT, and BHAC, but the third relapse occurred in September 1990. After obtaining informed consent, she was given etretinate 40 mg per day orally for 17 days, without any effect on leukemia. She was then given all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) 60 mg per day orally for 29 days. Although a mild granulocytic recovery was observed, no sufficient hematological recovery was obtained (minor response). Besides common side effects of ATRA, such as dry skin and hypertriglycedemia, she had a myeloblastoma in the oral cavity, but it is unknown whether the symptom was a complication of ATRA therapy or not.

Administration, Oral↗