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Biomedical subjects

M Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohshima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen concentrations in gastroduodenal disease.

AIM: To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum pepsinogen (PG) 1 and 2 concentrations in various gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: Serum PG1 and 2 concentrations and antibodies to H pylori were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); gastric mucosal pH was assessed and urease activity in biopsy tissue was determined. A comparison of the ELISA and urease test results permitted division of the cases into positive, false positive, false negative and negative categories for control, gastritis, and ulcer groups. RESULTS: The gastric mucosal pH and serum PG2 in cases positive for H pylori were significantly increased in ulcer and gastritis cases compared with H pylori negative cases. Similar tendencies were observed for the false positive and false negative categories. CONCLUSIONS: A positive ELISA reaction for antibodies and an increased serum PG2 concentration are reliable indicators of H pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Hereditary nephritis associated with low-tone sensorineural hearing difficulty: a case report.

The proband was a 14-year-old girl with hematuria and proteinuria. Many members of her maternal pedigree had hematuria and proteinuria. Her mother, younger brother (age 12 years) and younger sister (age 9 years) had microscopic hematuria and proteinuria with normal renal function. Her mother had nephrotic syndrome during pregnancy and a renal biopsy was performed. Light microscopic findings of the renal biopsy specimen revealed mild mesangial proliferation and irregularity of glomerular basement membrane. The pedigree showed no chronic renal failure and no deafness. The proband had experienced microscopic hematuria and occasionally macroscopic hematuria since 3 years of age. Proteinuria increased steadily and at the age of 14 years, she had nephrotic syndrome and renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance of 57.9 ml/min/1.48 m2). Renal biopsy was performed and light microscopic findings showed segmental mesangial cell proliferation and numerous interstitial foam cells without significant findings by immunofluorescent study. Electron microscopic examination showed splitting into many layers and thinning of the glomerular basement membrane. She had no complaint of hearing. However, audiological studies detected bilateral low-tone (from 125 Hz to 1000 Hz) sensorineural hearing difficulty, ranging from 30 to 40 dB. High scores on the short increment sensitivity index (SISI) test suggested inner ear hearing difficulty. Audiogram of her brother revealed also low-tone sensorineural hearing loss. Hereditary nephritis with the characteristic lesion of the glomerular basement membrane and sensorineural hearing difficulty has been known as Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome associated with familial low-tone hearing difficulty has not been reported previously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Using outdoor exercise to decrease jet lag in airline crewmembers.

The effects of outdoor exercise on urinary excretion of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), catecholamine rhythm, and sleep-wake patterns in cockpit crewmembers were investigated before, during and after jet travel between Tokyo and Los Angeles (8-h time difference). On the day following arrival at Los Angeles (day 3) 5 crewmembers exercised outdoors for about 5 h (exercise group, aged 47.2 +/- 6.8 yr), and 5 others volunteered to remain in their rooms and go shopping after the flight (control group, aged 47.4 +/- 1.5 yr). The timing of the acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm and sleep-wake patterns showed similar patterns of advance in the two groups on the day of arrival in Los Angeles (day 2) compared with that at baseline (B) in Tokyo. In the exercise group, the acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm tended to be delayed on day 3, and then phase-advanced on the day following outdoor exercise (day 4). The timing of acrophase of the 17-OHCS rhythm and sleep-wake patterns showed gradual delay on days 3-4 in the control group, and a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed between the groups for the acrophase of 17-OHCS rhythm on day 4. These results suggest that outdoor exercise has some effects in hastening the resynchronization to a new environment of the circadian rhythm of the urinary 17-OHCS excretion.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1995

Detection and purification of two 14 kDa phospholipase A2 isoforms in rat kidney: their role in eicosanoid synthesis.

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in the soluble fraction of rat kidney yielded three peaks on DEAE cellulose column chromatography. From these three, we purified two PLA2 isoforms to near-homogeneity. Both had a molecular weight of approx. 14,000 on SDS-PAGE, and immunochemical and enzymological studies indicated that one is a 14 kDa type I PLA2 and the other a 14 kDa type II PLA2. RNA blot analysis confirmed that rat kidney contains both types of PLA2 and that administration of lipopolysaccharides and mercury chloride into rats increased type II PLA2 mRNA levels in kidney. When cultured rat mesangial cells were incubated with purified type I or type II PLA2 in combination with the calcium ionophore A23187 at suboptimal condition, augmentation of prostaglandin E2 production was observed. Type I and type II forms of PLA2 may play a role in arachidonate metabolism in rat kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation of human periodontal ligament fibroblast collagenase production by a gingival epithelial cell-derived factor.

To examine whether cell-to-cell interactions between human gingival epithelial cells (HGE) and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) or gingival fibroblasts (GF) take place in the periodontium, the effects on collagenase production by PLF and GF were analyzed after adding several concentrations of HGE-conditioned medium (HGE-CM) to PLF or GF culture. Collagenase production by both cell populations was stimulated by adding HGE-CM, which stimulated collagenase production by PLF to a greater extent than that by GF. The HGE-derived stimulatory factor had a molecular mass of approximately 20 kDa, and its stimulant effect was inhibited markedly in the presence of an anti-human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) neutralizing antibody, indicating that the factor was identical to, or antigenically cross-reactive with, IL-1 alpha. These results suggest that epithelial apical migration in the periodontium may occur after interstitial resident cells have released tissue-degrading enzymes, such as collagenase, and damaged the extracellular matrix, once a sufficient amount of IL-1 alpha-like factor for stimulating the production of proteolytic enzyme has been released by HGE in periodontal lesions.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1995

Significance of laparoscopic excisional biopsy for polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.

Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder taken from 103 patients were examined to correlate clinical indicators with pathological characteristics. By ultrasonographic examination, no carcinoma was found in polypoid lesions with a diameter less than 1 cm. However, the incidence of carcinoma in those with diameters greater than 1 cm was 23%, a lower rate than expected from previous pathological studies. Comparison of ultrasonographic and actual measurements suggested that the size of cholesterol polyps tended to be overestimated by ultrasonography, suggesting that the apparent risk of cancer was decreased by cholesterol polyps. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 30 patients with polyps. No complications were encountered, and operative time was significantly shorter (p < 0.01) than in the 116 laparoscopic cholecystectomies for cholelithiasis. This study demonstrated the difficulty in distinguishing large benign polyps from carcinoma by ultrasonography. To complete the diagnosis with less invasive intervention, we propose the use of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with polypoid lesions larger than 1 cm by ultrasonographic estimation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Prominent subepithelial deposits detected on 2nd renal biopsy in a boy with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I: a case report].

The first renal biopsy of a 7-year-old boy with microscopic hematuria, hypocomplementemia (CH50 20 U/ml, C3 33 mg/dl, C4 13 mg/dl) and otherwise normal renal function revealed lobular, but not diffuse, expansion of glomerular mesangial areas showing mild to marked mesangial cell proliferation and thickening of the capillary walls with double contours as seen on light microscopic examination. Granular C3 deposition along the capillary wall and in the mesangium was observed on immunofluorescent microscopy. Further, electron microscopy showed subendothelial dense deposits and circumferential mesangial interposition. Thus, he was diagnosed as membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type I. Thereafter, high-dose, alternate-day administration of prednisolone was started. A few months after treatment, microscopic hematuria disappeared and hypocomplementemia improved. The second renal biopsy at 11 years of age showed markedly decreased mesangial cell proliferation and subendothelial dense deposits. However, C3 deposition still persisted and subepithelial dense deposits had increased in number prominently at this time. Whether MPGN type III is a distinct disease entity or a variant of MPGN type I has not yet been established. The morphological changes in this reported case might justify the notion that MPGN type III is a variant form of MPGN type I.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Radioimaging of human glioma by indium-111 labeled G-22 anti-glioma monoclonal antibody.

We previously have reported that indium-111 labeled anti-glioma monoclonal antibody G-22 (111In-G-22) exhibits diagnostic potential against human glioma xenografts in athymic mice. Herein, we report the selective tumor localization of 111In-G-22 in patients with glioma. Five patients were administered an average of 2.2 mCi of 111In-G-22 whole IgG intravenously. No immediate or delayed side effects were attributable to 111In-G-22 injection. Serial gamma scintigraphy and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed, and the distribution in the brain and intratumoral accumulation of 111In-G-22 were evaluated. CT and/or magnetic resonance (MR) images were performed simultaneously and these images were compared. In the case of malignant glioma, tumor-imaging was successfully obtained beginning at 6 h following injection with a maximum uptake tumor/brain ratio at 48 h. The distribution of 111In was selective. It predominantly accumulated in the biologically active areas of the tumor. Furthermore, the tracer uptake appeared to correlate with the histologic tumor grade. This confirms the G-22 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to biologically active and malignant glioma tissue, and tumor-imaging using 111In-G-22 may give support to the diagnosis of malignant glioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Primary plasmacytoma of the thyroid: a case report and comparative literature study between Western nations and Japan.

A 52 year old man presented with primary thyroid plasmacytoma. The patient was initially followed up for thyroid dysfunction. The histological examination of the removed thyroid revealed a proliferation of mature and immature plasma cells indicative of plasmacytoma with Hashimoto's disease. After radiotherapy (40 Gy) to the neck following right hemi-thyroidectomy, the patient is currently alive and well 3 years after diagnosis without any evidence of tumor. The immunohistological examination of the removed thyroid showed monoclonality for immunoglobulin G-Kappa light chains. Sixty-six literature cases of primary thyroid plasmacytoma were reviewed and comparison of the clinical and histological characteristics between Japanese and Western cases noted. The incidence of the patients with antithyroid antibody was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in Western patients (42.9%) than in Japanese patients (87.5%). The higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction and Hashimoto's disease in Japan in comparison with Western nations was well reflected in the incidence of antithyroid antibody.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

Progressive activity in latent prostate carcinoma defined by argyrophilic staining of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR).

Argyrophilic staining of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was studied in 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH), 17 cases of latent prostate carcinomas, 50 cases of clinical carcinomas and seven cases of metastatic lesions from prostate carcinomas. The criteria for these comparisons were the number of positive-staining dots per nucleus, the area of the dots, and a relative score determined by multiplying the number of positive-staining dots in the nuclei by the areas of the dots. Overall, there were no significant differences in these three parameters between BPH and latent carcinomas. Among latent carcinomas, however, significantly higher AgNOR scores were observed for infiltrative lesions than for non-infiltrative lesions. AgNOR dot number, area and score increased as tumors became less differentiated, with no significant differences detected in metastatic versus non-metastatic carcinomas. These results suggest that some latent tumors are similar in biological behavior, such as cell proliferation, to clinical carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Interleukin-1 beta stimulates collagenase production by cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

To examine the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on collagenase production by human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF) and gingival fibroblasts (GF) in culture, collagenase activity in conditioned media was determined using a novel procedure that circumvented interference by enzyme inhibitors. Fibroblasts obtained from five paired periodontal ligament and gingival tissues were cultured for two weeks, and then incubated for a further 72 h in alpha-MEM supplemented with various concentrations of IL-1 beta (0 to 1250 pg/ml). The conditioned media from individual cultures were harvested and treated with dithiothreitol to inactivate TIMPs, and then with APMA, to activate the latent collagenase. Collagenase activity was measured fluorometrically using FITC-collagen as a substrate. IL-1 beta induced a approximately 2.4 to 5.2-fold increase in collagenase activity in PLF compared to a approximately 1.4 to 2.2-fold increase in GF. These results are in contrast to previous studies in which collagenase activity was measured in the presence of TIMPs, and indicate that PLF are more sensitive to IL-1 beta than GF. Since both PLF and GF are present in periodontal lesions, it is possible that collagenase secretion stimulated by exposure to inflammatory cell products such as IL-1 beta may participate in the destruction of collagen fibers involved in periodontal attachment.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1994

Interaction between the dominant negative mutant and the wild-type envelope proteins of Friend murine leukemia virus.

Interaction between the previously obtained dominant negative mutant, referred to as fcr (T. Matano, T. Odawara, M. Ohshima, H. Yoshikura, and A. Iwamoto, J. Virol. 67:2026-2033, 1993), and the wild-type envelope proteins (Env) of Friend murine leukemia virus was examined. The wild-type Env was bound to the fcr mutant Env and trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum. The virus receptor was not involved in this interaction.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1994

Telescience testbed experiments of intracellular recordings in the Xenopus oocyte.

The feasibility of intracellular recordings under constraints for experimental conditions in outer space were tested at a telescience testbed of the National Space Development Agency of Japan. We attempted to study the dose-response relationship of adenosine-induced potential changes in the Xenopus oocyte. The testbed simulated the distance from a ground control room to oocytes in an orbital laboratory; signals were delayed and compressed from one "station" to other. A microelectrode was inserted into the oocyte using remote control on the manipulator and on the xyz-planes of the platform with stereoscopic pictures observed through a head mounted display. When the transfer rate of the visual signals was decreased from 1.5 Mbps to 128 Kbps, insertion of the electrode became almost impossible because of reduced picture quality. Once the electrode was inserted, however, dose-dependent adenosine responses could be observed with little trouble.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1993

Establishment of estrogen receptor-positive transplantable rat thyroid tumor cell lines in vivo.

We established 17 transplantable rat thyroid tumor cell lines from the primary thyroid tumor of rats induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Among the 17 tumor cell lines established, only two of them (D1 and G1) were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. These two cell lines were characterized with respect to transplantability, histological features, ER contents and cellular localization, and expression of ER message. The ER contents, determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay, were 13.3 and 20.7 fmol/mg protein for D1 and G1 cell lines, respectively. Scatchard plot analysis indicates that the dissociation constants (Kd) were 0.17 and 0.4 nM, respectively, for D1 and G1 cell lines. Sucrose density centrifugation analysis detected a hormone-receptor complex which sedimented at the 4S region, characteristic for ER. Immunohistological staining revealed that the ER was localized in the nuclei. The presence of ER in D1 and G1 cell lines was further confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to detect the ER mRNA. These results demonstrated that ER is expressed in some thyroid tumors. The ER-positive transplantable tumor cell lines are useful for studying the direct effect of estrogen on thyroid tumors in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Sequence-specific binding of protein factors to two independent promoter regions of the acidic tobacco pathogenesis-related-1 protein gene (PR-1).

Gel shift mobility analysis, using the proximal 0.3 kb fragment of the tobacco pathogenesis-related protein 1a gene (PR-1a) and nuclear extracts from healthy Samsun NN tobacco leaves, which do not produce PR-1 proteins, showed a broad shifted signal with low mobility. This signal was not detected with nuclear proteins from the interspecific hybrid of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi, which constitutively produces the PR-1a protein. Similar shifted signals were detected with both proximal and distal regions of the 0.3 kb fragment using nuclear proteins from healthy Samsun NN tobacco, but not with proteins from the interspecific hybrid. Further experiments, performed using 5' or 3' truncated fragments of the 0.3 kb fragment, identified two independent binding sites: a distal site between -179 and -168 bp from the transcription start site, and a proximal site between -61 and -37 bp. Footprint analysis revealed two protected sequences, a distal region between -184 and -172 bp, and a proximal region between -68 and -51 bp. These results indicate the presence of regulatory factor(s) for expression of the acidic PR-1a gene. The possibility of negative regulation of the gene is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Efficacy of amlodipine besilate therapy for variant angina: evaluation by 24-hour Holter monitoring.

The efficacy of amlodipine, a calcium antagonist, was investigated in 12 patients with variant angina. Amlodipine was administered at a dose of 5 mg once daily, and efficacy was assessed from the frequency of anginal attacks, the frequency of ST elevation or depression, and the extent of ST segment changes [ST segment elevation or depression (mm) x duration (seconds)] on the Holter ECG before and after treatment. The frequency of ST elevation during the observation period was 1.67 +/- 0.33 times/day (symptomatic attacks: 1.17 +/- 0.21/day; asymptomatic attacks: 0.50 +/- 0.19/day), and this significantly decreased to zero per day (both symptomatic and asymptomatic attacks) after treatment (p < 0.05). The extent of ST segment elevation during the observation period was 507.5 +/- 156.6 mm.sec/day (symptomatic: 382.5 +/- 102.9 mm.sec/day; asymptomatic: 125.0 +/- 62.0 mm.sec/day), and such changes were completely suppressed (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) by treatment (p < 0.05). The frequency of ST depression was 2.08 +/- 0.42 times/day (symptomatic: 0.25 +/- 0.13/day; asymptomatic: 1.83 +/- 0.37/day) during the observation period, while it was 1.50 +/- 0.36 times/day (symptomatic: 0.25 +/- 0.13/day; asymptomatic: 1.25 +/- 0.30/day) after treatment. Although anginal attacks remained unchanged, asymptomatic attacks tended to decrease (p = 0.07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New HIV plaque titration; application to the assay of neutralizing antibody.

A simple, sensitive and accurate plaque assay was developed using HPB-Ma, a variant of the human T-cell line HPB-ALL, which becomes adherent to the substratum after infection with an amphotropic murine sarcoma virus (MSVa). The simplicity of this novel plaque assay allowed us to examine a large number of serum samples from patients with HIV infection for neutralizing antibody activity against two human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) strains. During the progression of clinical disease, the neutralizing activity in the sera from two individual patients remained unchanged or increased. A patient with a known time of HIV infection produced cross-neutralizing antibody at 25-34 weeks. The neutralizing activity in the sera from 17 asymptomatic carriers, four patients with AIDS-related complex and four AIDS patients was also examined and was found to be unrelated to the clinical stage.

Cell Line↗