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Biomedical subjects

M Ohsawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohsawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Conservative surgery of infertile patients with pelvic endometriosis--factors affecting the pregnancy rate and expectancy.

Conservative surgery was used in the treatment of 95 infertile patients with endometriosis who desired to have a child; of these 95 patients, 44 (46.3%) became pregnant after treatment. We studied the postoperative pregnancy rate and the expectancy value for pregnancy and the factors affecting them. The postoperative pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the patients with an infertility period of more than 5 years. As the age of the patients at the time of operation increased, the pregnancy rate decreased; the expectancy value was also significantly lower in patients over 30 years of age. Endometriotic lesions were, in the ovary (77.9%), in the peritoneum (42.1%), and in the uterosacral ligament (42.1%). The rates of pregnancy in patients in Beecham's stages II (43.2%) and III (53.3%) were not statistically significant. The rate was significantly lower in stage IV. Intrapelvic complications were usually myoma of the uterus and cystoma of the ovary. Both pregnancy rate and expectancy value were significantly lower in the patients with pelvic complications. Hormonal therapy combined with conservative surgery gave a higher rate of pregnancy and expectancy value than surgery alone. Thus, the duration of infertility, the age of the patient at the time of operation, intrapelvic complications, and the mode of treatment were key factors affecting the postoperative rate of pregnancy and expectancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Spironolactone therapy for hyperandrogenic anovulatory women--clinical and endocrinological study.

Seventeen patients with irregular menstrual periods and androgenic symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, and oily skin were treated with spironolactone. The basal levels of serum testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol (E2), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. After a 4-week treatment with spironolactone, serum T and DHT showed significant decreases. Before treatment, the serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. After initiation of the spironolactone treatment, the SHBG levels tended to increase but not significantly. Spironolactone treatment resulted in the improvement or disappearance of acne in 4 of 5 patients who suffered from this ailment. Improvement of hirsutism was obtained in 2 of 10 patients. Although 4 oligomenorrheic patients and 6 amenorrheic patients showed anovulatory bleeding but did not ovulate, 2 patients in the amenorrheic group ovulated. Two patients complained of tiredness and weakness, and 2 others of polyuria and polydipsia. Both groups showed only temporary symptoms, so treatment was not interrupted. Spironolactone has beneficial effects on ovarian function and few side effects, so it may prove to be an effective anti-androgen, especially for hyperandrogenic anovulatory patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of cell cycle position on the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

The induction of cytotoxicity and mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance (6TGr) by S9-activated benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) was studied in asynchronized and synchronized Chinese hamster V79 cells. After treatment of asynchronized populations with B(a)P (0.25-2 micrograms/ml) in the presence of S9 for 3 h, the number of 6TGr cells increased. The increase was concentration-dependent up to 2 micrograms/ml, and was accompanied by a concomitant concentration-dependent decrease in cell survival. Synchronized cells were treated with B(a)P for 2 h at 2-h intervals after release from the G1/S block by hydroxyurea (HU). The cytotoxicity of 2 micrograms/ml of B(a)P was maximal at 0 h after HU release, i.e., G1/S phase, and also at 2 h after HU release, i.e., early S phase. Thereafter, it decreased with the progression of the cell cycle. Similarly, treatment with B(a)P at 0 h and 2 h after HU release resulted in the maximum incidence of 6TGr mutants, after which the incidence showed a decrease from 4-10 h after HU release. These results indicate that the cells in G1/S and early S phase are highly susceptible to cytotoxic and mutagenic damage induced by B(a)P and suggest the presence of a specific hot spot in the cell cycle for mutagenesis by the carcinogen B(a)P in cultured hamster cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An autopsy case of malignant hyperthermia.

A report is made of a 44-year-old female who died of malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia for an operation of left subtrochanteric femoral fracture. Symptoms began with increases in heart rate and blood pressure after the introduction of anesthesia with halothane and were accelerated by the administration of succinylcholine, followed by muscle rigidity and high temperature. The typical wine red urine was observed. The oral temperature of 42 degrees C was recorded within 1 h after succinylcholine. The rectal temperature was 30 degrees C 22 h after death. Severe pulmonary edema and tubular necrosis of the kidney were found by postmortem examination. No latent myopathy was observed. The creatine phosphokinase levels in plasma obtained after the onset of malignant hyperthermia and at the time of autopsy were abnormally high and were 5632 and 34,854 mU/ml, respectively. Plasma myoglobin levels were 130,000 and 2.8 X 10(6) ng/ml, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Participation of active oxygen species in the induction of chromosomal aberrations by cadmium chloride in cultured Chinese hamster cells.

The effect of various scavengers of active oxygen species on the induction of chromosomal aberrations by cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was investigated in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. Incidences of chromosomal aberrations by CdCl2 were partially or fully reduced by the presence of catalase, mannitol (a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, an antioxidant). These findings may indicate participation of the active oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or hydroxyl radicals in the clastogenicity of cadmium. In contrast, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dimethylfuran (a scavenger of singlet oxygen) did not influence incidences of chromosomal aberrations by CdCl2. These results suggest that superoxide anion and singlet oxygen are not directly involved in the clastogenicity of the metal. The presence of aminotriazole (an inhibitor of catalase) increased incidences of chromosomal aberrations by CdCl2. This emphasizes participation of H2O2 in the clastogenicity of cadmium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cyclic therapy resulted in pregnancy in premature ovarian failure.

A successful pregnancy in a patient with premature ovarian failure is described. Increased serum gonadotropin titers, decreased serum estrogen levels, and lack of ovarian follicles on histologic examination confirmed the state of ovarian failure. The patient conceived after several courses of cyclical treatment with estrogen-progestin. A possible relationship between the estrogen treatment and subsequent pregnancy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Release of hydrogen peroxide from polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with lambda-carrageenan.

The production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) that are exposed to lambda-carrageenan (100 micrograms/ml) and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, 100 ng/ml) was measured by a colorimetric method. After a lag period of 15 min the release of H2O2 by carrageenan-stimulated PMNs increased until a plateau level was reached at 60 min. The amount of H2O2 released was dependent on the number of cells in well or the concentration of carrageenan, reaching a maximum production of H2O2 at 5 X 10(6) cells per 3-cm dish and 100 micrograms/ml of carrageenan, respectively. The maximum amount of released H2O2 from carrageenan-treated PMNs was approximately 11 n moles/hr/10(6) cells. In contrast, TPA-stimulated PMNs released H2O2 linearly for 60 min without a lag period and produced a maximum of 60 n moles/hr/10(6) cells. These results show that lambda-carrageenan stimulates an oxidative burst from in vitro PMNs and furthermore suggest that these carrageenan-stimulated PMNs release sufficient H2O2 to induce DNA damage in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Binding capacity of sex-hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone determination in evaluation of hirsute women.

To investigate the relation between free testosterone (T) and binding capacity of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG-BC) and a degree of hirsutism, 34 women were classified into 3 groups according to the criteria of Ferriman and Gallway on the degree of the hirsutism; 11 patients with a total score of 1 to 3 (group 1), 8 patients with a total score of 4 to 10 (group 2), and 15 patients with a total score of 11 or more (group 3). Total plasma T, SHBG-BC, and free plasma T were measured in each group, and they were compared with those of controls. In groups 1 and 2, mean levels of total T were slightly higher than in controls but the differences were not significant. Total T levels were extremely elevated in group 3. Mean level of SHBG-BC in group 1 was slightly lower than in controls but was not statistically significant. SHBG-BC was drastically reduced in groups 2 and 3. The percent free T levels and free T concentrations were significantly higher than those of controls in groups 2 and 3, but not in group 1. The results suggested that decreased SHBG-BC and increased free T might be the cause of hirsutism in women with normal total T levels.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in % free testosterone and sex-hormone binding globulin during danazol administration].

To clarify the androgen balance on the administration of danazol a study was conducted on the levels of % free testosterone (% free T) and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) during the therapy and the binding properties of danazol to SHBG and androgen receptor. It was found that danazol displaced testosterone (T) from SHBG and R1881 from androgen receptor, in vitro. During treatment with danazol, levels of % free T were increased about three fold, but in contrast the SHBG concentration were significantly decreased. Similar changes in % free T were observed by computer simulation. These data suggest that the androgenic effects of danazol were the results of increased free T levels by the T-displacing ability of danazol from SHBG. The concentration of SHBG might be reduced as a consequence of increased levels of free T. On the other hand, danazol binding to androgen receptor might partially inhibit the action of excess amounts of free T, because the androgenization during therapy was too weak to compare the levels of free T.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

A genetic study of the Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy.

A genetic study was carried out on 153 families with 186 Fukuyama type congenital progressive muscular dystrophy (FCMD) patients. Consanguineous marriage of parents was found in 41 families (26.80%). Inbreeding coefficients in the patients was 10 times as high as that of the general population. Both sexes were almost equally affected (M:F = 1.1:1.0). No single parent of the patients was affected. Recurrence among siblings was frequent (9 out of 41 siblings in offspring of related parents and 18 out of 110 siblings in offspring of unrelated parents were affected. The segregation ratio was 23.91-27.08% in offspring of related parents, 20.00-22.94% in offspring of unrelated parents, these values being not significantly different from the 25% expected from the assumption of autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. In the sample two twin pairs were included, of which one male isosexual pair was concordant. Sporadic cases were not significantly more numerous than expected. All these data indicate that the disorder is caused by homozygosity of an autosomal recessive gene. Frequency of the gene was estimated to be 5.2-9.7 X 10(-3) and frequency of the patients 6.9-11.9 X 10(-5). Mutation rate was estimated to be 6.9-11.9 X 10(-5).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Subacute toxicity of an amine-curing agent for epoxy resin].

Amine-curing agent for epoxy resin, bis(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)methane, has been suspected of inducing toxic symptoms in man which resemble collagen disease such as scleroderma or polymyositis. We studied subacute toxicity of this agent by repeated oral administrations to rats. The agent was administered 25, 37.5, 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg per one dose, 8 times in 10 days or 17 times in 4 weeks or 20-22 times in 4 weeks. When administration had been completed, clinical biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. Animals of high dosage group showed suppression of body weight increase and loss of muscular strength of limbs in the administration period. By clinical biochemical tests, elevation of blood components from muscle (CPK, GOT, creatine) was noticed. Also, increase of monoamine oxidase and decrease of alkaline phosphatase were revealed. By histological examinations, skeletal muscle and choroid plexus of brain showed noticeable changes. In muscles of high dosage group, atrophy, degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers were observed and an increase of fibroblasts was also seen. In choroid plexus, vacuolar changes in epithelial cells were observed, being clearly dose-dependent. No particular change was recognized in skin. Though scleroderma-like change was not observed in the skin histologically, our results suggest that this amine-curing agent was greatly associated with muscle symptoms in the workers who handled epoxy resin and that it was one of causative agents which induced toxic symptoms like those of collagen disease.

Animals↗