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Biomedical subjects

M Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohno.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nimodipine on cerebral functional and metabolic recovery following ischemia in the rat brain.

Whether the calcium entry blocker, nimodipine, prevents the increase in the concentration of free fatty acids and metabolic disturbances during ischemia and promotes functional and metabolic recovery after recirculation were examined. Severe forebrain ischemia in rats was induced by four-vessel occlusion with mild hypotension. After 30 minutes of ischemia, recirculation was started by removal of the arterial clamps and by increasing blood pressure to the preischemic level. Recovery of EEG activity following recirculation was better in the nimodipine-treated group than in the control group. During the ischemic period, there were no significant differences in accumulation of free fatty acids or in depletion of ATP between treated and control groups. At 120 minutes following recirculation, recovery of the ATP level was significantly better in the treated group than in the control group. Therefore, the promotion of functional and metabolic recovery by nimodipine-treatment is suggested to be not due to the prevention of an accumulation of free fatty acids nor to the depletion of ATP during the ischemic period, but to either improvement of postischemic hypoperfusion or a direct action on metabolic processes during reperfusion period.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
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Leukotoxin, 9, 10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate: a possible responsible factor in circulatory shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

We previously demonstrated that neutrophils biosynthesize the Iinoleate epoxide, 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate, from linoleate and hydroxyl radical. This epoxide is highly cytotoxic, and has been termed leukotoxin. We detected leukotoxin in plasma from two patients with infectious endocarditis and circulatory shock. Maximal leukotoxin levels were 580 nmol/ml and 880 nmol/ml, respectively. The leukotoxin levels were affected by hemodialysis or hemofiltration. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was confirmed by blood coagulation studies in these two patients. Leukocytosis was also observed in these patients. In contrast, leukotoxin was not detected in plasma of normal volunteers. Accordingly, leukotoxin synthesized by recruited neutrophils might be a contributory factor in circulatory shock.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anomalous muscle bundle of the right ventricle. A report of seven cases.

It was within the last decade that right ventricular outflow obstruction due to anomalous muscle bundle was clearly described as a separate cardiac malformation seven cases of anomalous muscle bundle of the right ventricle were presented, and the diagnosis and surgical indications of this anomaly were discussed. The clinical differentiation of these patients from those with isolated VSD, pulmonic stenosis, and tetralogy of Fallot was not easy. Right ventriculograms that demonstrated the anomalous muscle bundle as a wedge-shaped filling defect are most useful for differentiation. All patients' anomalies were corrected with intracardiac surgery. The postoperative course was very satisfactory and all patients showed complete relief of the obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ulinastatin, an antiprotease, on alloxan-induced lung injury in dogs.

To determine if alloxan-induced lung injury could be prevented by an antiprotease, ulinastatin, we used three groups of five anesthetized, ventilated dogs. They were given saline (20 ml/kg/hr) infusion alone (saline group), alloxan (75 mg/kg) + saline infusion (alloxan group), or ulinastatin (50,000 U/kg) + alloxan + saline infusion (ulinastatin group). The course of all dogs was followed for three hours. In the saline group, extravascular lung water to blood-free dry weight (Qwl/dQl) was 3.22 +/- 0.31 g/g (mean +/- SE). The alloxan group presented the following significant findings: a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts (44.2% and 68.2% of control, respectively) at five minutes; an increase in thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (731.6% and 476.6% of control, respectively) at 15 minutes; an increase in beta-glucuronidase (124.8% of control) at 30 minutes; and an increase in Qwl/dQl (8.84 +/- 1.82 g/g) at the end of experiment. The addition of ulinastatin significantly reduced most alloxan-induced effects: differences in white blood cell counts, thromboxane B2, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, and Qwl/dQl between the saline and ulinastatin groups were small. We conclude that ulinastatin significantly reduces the extent of lung water accumulation in alloxan-induced lung injury.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous abdominal aortic dissection: case report and review.

An abdominal aortic dissection was incidentally imaged by contrast infusion computed tomography (CT) in a patient with an abdominal liposarcoma. Previously reported cases of spontaneous abdominal aortic dissection with radiographs are reviewed.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Case report--MR imaging of chronic persistent hepatic encephalopathy.

The MR images of a patient with chronic persistent hepatic encephalopathy are described. Mild cortical atrophy and multiple symmetrical hyperintense lesions were observed on T2-weighted MR images. No such case has been previously described in the literature.

Chronic Disease↗
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Effects of chronic administration of haloperidol, methamphetamine or cocaine on "wet-dog shakes" elicited by stimulation of the rat hippocampus.

We investigated the effect of chronic administration of haloperidol, methamphetamine or cocaine on wet-dog shakes (WDS), as induced by hippocampal stimulation. Although haloperidol, in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, led to a marked reduction in the number of WDS, a reversion to the control level occurred after administration of haloperidol for 2 weeks. A single administration of methamphetamine and cocaine had no effect on the WDS. The total number of WDS did not change when methamphetamine was administered for 2 weeks and the hippocampus was stimulated 30 min after the last administration. However, the number of WDS after the repeated administration of cocaine was significantly decreased. We tentatively conclude that the hippocampal stimulation-induced WDS may be closely related with dopaminergic functions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract in the brain stem: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal tract in the brain stem was studied in 25 patients with chronic supratentorial vascular accidents. In the relatively early stages, at least three months after ictus, increased signal intensities in axial T2-weighted images--with or without decreased signal intensities in axial T1-weighted images--were observed in the brain stem ipsilaterally. In later stages, at least six months after ictus, shrinkage of the brain stem ipsilaterally--with or without decreased signal intensities--was clearly observed in axial T1-weighted images. MRI is therefore regarded a sensitive diagnostic modality for evaluating wallerian degeneration in the brain stem.

Brain Stem↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous retrograde dissection of the right common iliac artery: a case report.

Spontaneous retrograde dissection of the right common iliac artery incidentally imaged by intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) and confirmed by contrast infusion computed tomography (CT) is reported. This is the first case report of this extremely rare condition, but histologic verification could not be obtained. The usefulness of IADSA in mapping during catheterization complicated by marked resistance is underscored.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic embolization for renal angiomyolipoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 47-year-old woman experienced sudden onset of severe left flank pain. By computed tomography (CT) and arteriography, her condition was diagnosed as a ruptured angiomyolipoma of the left kidney. She did not have tuberous sclerosis. Using polyvinyl alcohol foam (Ivalon) particles, immediate embolization of a main artery feeding the tumor--the posterior branch of the left renal artery--was performed. Three months after embolization, intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) showed this main feeder was still occluded. This case and others encountered in our review of the literature underscore the usefulness of therapeutic embolization for renal angiomyolipoma.

Embolization, Therapeutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inhibitory effect of apomorphine on hippocampal stimulation-induced "wet-dog shakes" in rats may be due to a stereotyped behavior.

The effect of apomorphine on "wet-dog shakes" (WDS) elicited by hippocampal stimulation was investigated. Apomorphine in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg given to rats s.c. reduced the number of WDS. Haloperidol in doses of 0.2-1.0 mg/kg given i.p. also significantly and dose-dependently reduced the number of WDS. The inhibitory effect of apomorphine in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg on WDS was completely inhibited by haloperidol given in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. It is, therefore, conceivable that the inhibition of WDS produced by apomorphine in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg may result from the occurrence of stereotyped behavior and that the dopaminergic blocking action may be crucial for the inhibition of WDS induced by hippocampal stimulation. Despite a 50% increase in stimulation intensity, as compared with the afterdischarge threshold, the number of WDS remained unchanged. We tentatively concluded that apomorphine fails to increase the number of WDS, as a result of the ceiling phenomenon.

Animals↗