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Biomedical subjects

M Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohno.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Mitral regurgitation due to abnormal reinsertion of chordae tendineae (looping) of the posterior mitral leaflet: clinical and echocardiographic features].

Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic and clinical characteristics of patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) due to abnormal reinsertion of chordae tendineae (looping) in the middle scallop of the posterior leaflet were described and compared with those of patients with chordal rupture of the posterior leaflet. Twenty-five patients with posterior mitral valve prolapse who underwent mitral valve replacement were studied. They were categorized in three groups; 14 patients with MR due to ruptured chordae tendineae (RCT) of the posterior leaflet (RCT group); three patients with looping of the chordae tendineae in the middle scallop of the posterior leaflet (looping group); and eight patients with both RCT and looping (looping + RCT group). It was difficult to distinguish the looping group from the other two groups by their 2D echocardiographic findings, which were characteristic of those of RCT. However, the following findings were more frequently encountered in the patients with looping than in those without: 1) aberrant or absent systolic coaptation with salient arc of the posterior leaflet, observed in six of the RCT group (43%), two in the looping group (67%) and seven in the looping + RCT group (88%); 2) with thickened edges of the posterior leaflet, shown in three of the RCT group (21%), two of the looping group (67%) and five of the looping + RCT group (63%) in the long-axis view, and also noticed in four of the RCT group (29%), two of the looping group (67%) and six of the looping + RCT group (75%) in the short-axis view. In the clinical history, the onset of a heart murmur, congestive heart failure and surgical treatment occurred at significantly younger ages in the looping group than in the RCT group. As for hemodynamic parameters, pulmonary hypertension was significantly milder in the looping group than in the RCT group. In conclusion, although 2D echocardiographic findings of patients with looping were similar to those of patients with RCT, it seemed possible to differentiate the looping group from the RCT group by the 2D finding of a prolapsed posterior mitral valve with a salient arc and a thickened edge. It was also suggested that the looping of chordae tendineae in the middle scallop of the posterior leaflet was congenital in origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Exercise tolerance in mitral stenosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: evaluation by anaerobic threshold and radionuclide ventriculography].

Serial radionuclide ventriculography was performed using a newly developed "real-time" system, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) were measured during graded supine exercise in five patients with mitral stenosis (MS), in five patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and in five healthy subjects. Simultaneous pulmonary gas exchange analysis permitted determining the anaerobic threshold, which is the point during incremental exercise when lactate begins to accumulate in the blood. LVEF at the anaerobic threshold was not significantly changed in any patient groups and in healthy subjects, but RVEF at the anaerobic threshold was lower in COPD and MS patients as compared with healthy subjects. In MS, SV during exercise was reduced at the anaerobic threshold, but not in COPD or in healthy subjects. In conclusion, reduced working capacity is related to decreased RVEF in both COPD and MS, but the inhibited increase in CO during exercise is also important for the working capacity in MS.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Metastatic thyroid cancer to the right ventricle causing obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract and associated with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy: a case report].

A case of thyroid cancer causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction is described. A 72-year-old woman was admitted because of shortness of breath, some ecchymoses, and marked anasarca. Her liver was palpable four fingerbreadths below her costal margin. Laboratory findings included leukocytosis, marked thrombocytopenia, and an increase in fibrinogen degradation products due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a solid mass in the right ventricle, which protruded into the right atrium and main pulmonary artery. Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction and tricuspid regurgitation were demonstrated by contrast echocardiography. These findings were confirmed by CT scans, RI angiography, and contrast angiography. The mass was partially resected from her right ventricle and her tricuspid valve was replaced successfully, but she died of sepsis three weeks after surgery. At autopsy, undifferentiated thyroid cancer and cardiac metastasis were verified. To date, only eight cases with initial symptoms of congestive heart failure due to right ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by metastatic intracavitary tumors have been reported. Very rarely have cardiac tumors resulted in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[A meningioma associated with AVM: a case report].

This paper reports a case of meningioma associated with AVM. A 67 years old lady showed transient rt. lower hemiparesis with severe headache, nausea and consciousness disorder. Bilateral carotid angiogram and CT scan revealed lt. convexity meningioma and AVM. Lt MCA and ACA entered into the AVM from which several draining vessels entered into the deep venous system. These two lesions were removed by one stage. It is quite rare that cerebral tumor associates with intracranial AVM. Only two cases of meningioma associated with AVM have been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Mitral regurgitation due to ruptured chordae tendineae: sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria by two-dimensional echocardiography].

The sensitivity and specificity of the two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic criteria for diagnosing ruptured mitral chordae tendineae (RCT) were assessed in 52 cases with non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation undergoing mitral valve prostheses. At surgery, chordal rupture was confirmed in 38 cases (RCT group), but not in 14 cases (non-RCT group). Four presumptive and three definite findings for diagnosing mitral chordal rupture using 2D echo were evaluated. Mitral valve prolapse with incomplete coaptation of the mitral leaflets in the long-axis view was observed in 32 cases in the RCT group and in four cases in the non-RCT group (sensitivity 84%, specificity 80%). In the short-axis view at the level of the mitral orifice, delayed closure of the involved mitral leaflet was observed in four cases in the RCT group but in none of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 11%, specificity 100%), delayed protodiastolic opening of the involved leaflet in 15 cases of the RCT group and in one of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 39%, specificity 92%), and finally, increased excursion of the involved valve in 27 cases of the RCT group and in three cases of the non-RCT group (sensitivity 71%, specificity 79%). The following three echocardiographic findings were regarded as direct evidence of mitral chordal rupture: Fine echoes with abnormally rapid transverse and/or oblique motion around the mitral orifice in the short-axis view were observed in 13 cases of the RCT group (sensitivity 34%, specificity 100%); echoes with abnormal whip-like motion in the long-axis view in 10 cases (sensitivity 26%, specificity 100%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[A study of concentrations of CDDP in blood and cancer tissues in CDDP-treated gastrointestinal cancer].

Cisplatin (CDDP) was administered by intravenous drip in 3 cases of gastrointestinal cancer, and by intraperitoneal spraying in 2 other similar cases; and free CDDP and total CDDP levels in blood were determined with time. In the former cases, the free CDDP level rose from 30 minutes after the start of intravenous drip, to reach a peak at 2 approximately 4 hours after the end of the drip, while it was undetectable at 24 hours. The total CDDP level reached a peak 4 hours after the start of the drip, and then gradually decreased at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, although it still remained detectable in blood. In the latter cases, free CDDP appeared in blood at 15 minutes after the spraying, and disappeared from blood in 30 minutes to 1 hour. The total CDDP level reached a peak at 30 minutes, and then decreased in a manner similar to that seen in cases given the intravenous drip. CDDP levels in resected stomachs, resected colon and dissected lymph nodes following intravenous drip of CDDP were then measured in 4 cases of stomach cancer and another of cancer of the descending colon. There was no significant difference in CDDP level between cancer tissues, non-cancer tissues and lymph nodes. It thus appears that CDDP is taken up equally by normal tissues and cancer tissues, and that it may be necessary to study the metabolic pathways of CDDP after it has been taken up by the tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nanosecond fluorescence studies of noncovalent interaction of monomeric and dimeric intercalators with DNA.

The noncovalent interaction of 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2) and its derivatives, which are potent mutagens isolated from L-glutamic acid pyrolysate, with calf thymus DNA was studied by steady-state and nanosecond fluorescence spectroscopies. The fluorescence of these compounds exhibits static quenching by noncovalent interaction with DNA. Fluorescence lifetimes of the free and intercalated states of these compounds were determined to be 9-10 and 0.5-1 ns, respectively. The bisintercalative effect of the dimeric analogue of Glu-P-2, bis(Glu-P-2)spermine (2GP-SP), to DNA was also investigated. This 2GP-SP, which has two Glu-P-2 moieties at each end of spermine, indicates a strong intramolecular interaction exhibiting remarkable quenching of fluorescence spectrum and lifetime (tau = 3.5 ns) in the absence of DNA. In the presence of DNA, however, the 3.5-ns lifetime component of fluorescence disappeared, and a two-exponential decay of fluorescence (t = approximately 10 and 1.5 ns) was observed at a DNA concentration of more than approximately 0.001 mM P, while the solution containing a very dilute DNA concentration (less than or equal to 0.001 mM P) exhibits a three-component decay of fluorescence (1.5, 3.5, and approximately 10 ns). The potent bis intercalation of two moieties in 2GP-SP with an identical DNA molecule was suggested by the DNA-concentration dependence of these fluorescence lifetimes and their intensity.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide sequence of a chicken delta-crystallin gene.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of one of the two non-allelic delta-crystallin genes in the chicken, arbitrarily designated delta-gene 1, using a genomic clone (lambda g delta 106) containing the entire gene sequence. By comparison of the genomic sequence and the delta-crystallin cDNA sequence previously determined, we have identified exon sequences in the genomic sequence. Thus, the presence of 17 exons and 16 introns in the gene has been clarified. The delta-crystallin polypeptide deduced from the exon sequences consists of 465 amino acids which is larger, by 19 amino acid residues, than the polypeptide deduced from the cDNA sequence previously reported. Re-examination of the cDNA sequence using the same cDNA clone previously used shows that the present exon sequences are correct and the molecular weight of the deduced delta-crystallin polypeptide is 50,615 daltons instead of the previously reported value of 48,447 daltons. In addition, some structural features of the delta-crystallin gene including putative expression signals are discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Creation of novel chiral synthons with enzymes: application to enantioselective synthesis of antibiotics.

Retrosynthesis was carried out to generate, from a target molecule, a symmetric diester in the prochiral or meso form. The symmetric diester was subjected to asymmetric hydrolysis with pig liver esterase to create the corresponding chiral half-ester. The chiral half-ester was converted into the target molecule by organic synthesis. Thus, various types of carbapenem antibiotics, negamycin, showdomycin, 6-azapseudouridine, cordycepin, aristeromycin, neplanocin A, and precursors of fortimicin were efficiently synthesized with the desired absolute configuration. The methods for asymmetric synthesis starting from substrates with sigma-symmetry have been extensively developed.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1985

Selective separation of tryptophan-containing peptides via hydrophobic modification with 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl chloride.

Selective separation of tryptophan-containing peptides has been attempted using 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenylsulfenyl chloride (NCps)-C1 as a reagent for hydrophobic modification of tryptophan. S-Carboxymethylated proteins were modified with NCps-C1 in 70% acetic acid and digested with TPCK-trypsin, and the digests were fractionated, directly or after partial fractionation on a Sephadex G-25 column, by high performance liquid chromatography using a reverse phase column. The tryptophan-containing peptides from the tryptic digests of S-carboxymethylated hen-egg white lysozyme and Trimeresurus flavoviridis phospholipase A2 were thus selectively separated and the amino acid sequences were determined, showing the validity of the method. The phenylthiohydantoin derivative of 2-(2'-nitro-4'-carboxyphenylthio)-L-tryptophan was synthesized and its spectroscopic and chromatographic properties determined, enabling us to identify the derivative on Edman sequencing.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Purification and characterization of a coagulant enzyme from Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom.

An enzyme bearing thrombin-like specificity has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of Trimeresurus flavoviridis (the Habu snake). The enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 23,500 as determined by analytical gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein contains approximately 210 amino acid residues and has a relatively high content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The isoelectric point was 4.8 and the extinction coefficient at 280 nm for a 1% solution was 11.5. The enzyme acted directly on fibrinogen to form a fibrin clot with 2.0 NIH units. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of enzyme-treated fibrinogen revealed the release of a peptide identical in composition to thrombin-induced fibrinopeptide A, but no peptide corresponding to fibrinopeptide B was detected. The enzyme showed esterase and amidase activities on synthetic substrates containing arginine. The enzyme exhibited higher activity toward tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) but 6-times lower activity toward benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide when compared with bovin thrombin. The esterase activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and at a slower rate by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, but was least affected by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, showing that the enzyme is a serine protease like thrombin. The enzyme showed a bell-shaped pH dependence of kcat/Km for hydrolysis of TAME, with a maximum around pH 8.5.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1985

Subcutaneous abscesses caused by Nocardia brasiliensis complicated by malignant lymphoma. A survey of cutaneous nocardiosis reported in Japan.

A 47-year-old Japanese man suffering from T-cell leukemia was examined for multiple subcutaneous abscesses followed to abrasion wound on his right knee. The causative organism was clustered, fine-branched filaments in pus aspirated from the lesions, identified as Nocardia brasiliensis. Most of the lesions regressed from the combined therapy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, leaving an ulcer on the patient's left leg. The nocardiosis cases in Japan until 1984, including this one, were briefly surveyed.

Abscess↗