Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ohno

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohno.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

New two-dimensional, echocardiographically directed pericardiocentesis in cardiac tamponade.

Seventeen patients with cardiac tamponade were treated by pericardiocentesis guided by two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and a needle guide. The needle guide used in the present study was designed so that the needle path lies within the center of the scan thickness. Before actual puncture, the mask method was performed in a water bath so that the needle progress avoided injury. The needle progress was monitored continuously in real time on the display throughout the procedure. Immediate relief from acute cardiac tamponade was obtained in all except one patient, who was treated by pericardiotomy because of insufficient drainage. In two patients, second drainage was performed because of reaccumulation of the pericardial effusion. There were no major complications. Nine patients recovered and the other patients died of underlying disease. Accurate and efficient visualization of the needle might allow a safer procedure. We conclude that pericardiocentesis guided by 2-D echocardiography using a needle guide may be a safe and easily applied technique for the management of pericardial effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Adrenocorticotropin increases expression of c-fos and beta-actin genes in the rat adrenals.

It is widely accepted that expression of protooncogenes is coupled with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Since ACTH stimulates not only steroidogenesis but also cellular proliferation, we investigated whether ACTH affects the expression of c-fos, c-myc, and beta-actin genes. The effect of ACTH on adrenal glands was studied in hypophysectomized rats. Changes in the mRNA levels were studied by Northern and dot blot analyses. It was demonstrated that ACTH induces increases in mRNAs encoding c-fos and beta-actin in adrenal glands of hypophysectomized rats. When stimulated by ACTH (5 IU/100 g BW), the mRNA levels of both genes increase rapidly; the maximum levels are observed at 30 min for c-fos and 6 h for beta-actin. Both mRNAs declined to near-control levels by 6-24 h. The levels of mRNAs encoding cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 and 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 began to increase 3 and 12 h after ACTH administration, respectively. This increase continued for 24 h after ACTH treatment. Increases in total adrenal RNA and adrenal weight occurred slowly after ACTH treatment. On the other hand, the levels of c-myc mRNA were very low and were not increased by ACTH administration. These results suggest that increased expression of c-fos and beta-actin genes by ACTH may have important roles in mediating its action on adrenals.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

Enantioselective synthesis of cyclohexenone derivatives by a chemicoenzymatic approach: stereo- and regioselective route to potential intermediates of compactin (ML 236B) and mevinolin.

As a synthetic application of the chiral monoester 2, prepared by pig liver esterase (PLE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding meso diester 1, conversion of 2 into various cyclohexenone derivatives was examined. This paper describes the preparation of the isomeric cyclohexenones 6 and 7, potential intermediates for the synthesis of anti-hypercholesmic compactin (ML 236B) and mevinolin, under stereo- and regioselective control.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

Chiral synthon obtained with pig liver esterase: introduction of chiral centers into cyclohexene skeleton.

A versatile chiral synthon, (1R,6S)-6-methoxycarbonyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, was obtained by an enantioselective hydrolysis of the corresponding meso diester with pig liver esterase. This enzymatic hydrolysis can easily be carried out on a multi-hundred gram scale. The chiral monoester thus obtained can be further converted into all stereoisomers of 1-amino-2-alkoxycarbonyl-4-cyclohexene derivatives in an enantio- and stereocontrolled manner. These derivatives are considered as potential key intermediates for synthesizing a variety of biologically interesting compounds such as aminocyclitol and carbapenem antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

WEB 1881 FU ameliorates impairment of working memory induced by scopolamine and cerebral ischemia in the three-panel runway task.

Using a repeated acquisition procedure in a 3-panel runway apparatus, the effect of WEB 1881 FU on impairment of working memory produced either by scopolamine or by cerebral ischemia was investigated in rats and compared with those of aniracetam and Ca hopantenate. Intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine at 0.56 mg/kg significantly increased the number of errors (pushes made on the two incorrect panels of the three panel-gates located at each choice point). WEB 1881 FU at 10-32 mg/kg, p.o., caused a dose-related reduction in the increase of errors expected in the scopolamine-treated rats. Aniracetam at 10-100 mg/kg, p.o., or Ca hopantenate at 100 and 560 mg/kg, p.o., also significantly diminished the increase in errors induced by 0.56 mg/kg of scopolamine. Cerebral ischemia for 5 min significantly increased errors in the 3-panel runway task. WEB 1881 FU at 32 and 56 mg/kg, administered p.o. immediately after blood flow recirculation and again 1 hr before the runway test, conducted 24 hr after ischemia, significantly reduced the increase in errors expected to occur after 5 min of ischemia. Aniracetam at 32 and 100 mg/kg, p.o., similarly diminished the increase in errors in ischemic rats. These findings suggest that WEB 1881 FU has a beneficial effect on memory that has been impaired by scopolamine or by cerebral ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Angioplasty of stenoses adjacent to aneurysmal coronary artery disease.

We examined the effectiveness and safety of performing angioplasty on stenoses adjacent to aneurysmal coronary artery disease. Out of 386 consecutive lesions (270 patients) on which we performed angioplasty, 13 lesions (13 patients) were within one balloon length of aneurysmal disease (group A) and 373 lesions (257 patients) were not (group NA). Angioplasty had previously been performed on 10 lesions (77%) in group A but only on 112 lesions (30%) in group NA (p less than 0.01). In group A the angioplasty success rate was 100% (13/13). The maximum inflation pressure was 6.5 +/- 1.1 atm, the frequency of inflation was 6.1 +/- 2.8, the average inflation duration was 60 +/- 0 sec, and the balloon/artery ratio was 1.20 +/- 0.11. There were no major complications. Restenosis occurred in only one lesion. There were no significant differences in the angioplasty results, procedures, complications and the incidence of restenosis between both groups. The ratio of the diameter of the aneurysmal disease to the mean diameter of the normal adjacent segments remained unchanged throughout the follow-up period. These data suggest that angioplasty may be an effective and safe treatment for those stenoses that are adjacent to aneurysmal coronary artery disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
PubMed1990

Alteration in the expression of genes for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 21-hydroxylase by hypophysectomy and ACTH administration in the rat adrenal.

The changes in steady-state levels of mRNA for cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 (P-450scc) and steroid 21-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 (P-450c21) caused by hypophysectomy and ACTH treatment were determined in rat adrenals. Hypophysectomy caused marked decreases in adrenal weight and total RNA per gland. Administration of ACTH resulted in increases in adrenal weight and total RNA. A significant correlation between the amount of RNA and adrenal weight was observed. Both P-450scc and P-450c21 mRNAs were decreased by hypophysectomy and increased by ACTH treatment. P-450scc mRNA decreased to 20% and P-450c21 mRNA to 76% of control values 1 day after hypophysectomy. ACTH caused a significant increase in P-450scc mRNA after 3 h. However, a significant increase in P-450c21 mRNA was observed 12 h after administration of ACTH. These results are concordant with previous studies in vitro utilizing cultured adrenocortical cells. Moreover, the induction of steady-state levels of P-450scc mRNA was faster than that observed by other investigators in studies in vitro. These results may indicate that integrity of the adrenal gland in vivo is important for the action of ACTH.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (focal cytochrome c oxidase deficiency) with transient episodes of muscle weakness and elevation of serum creatine kinase activity].

A 17-year-old boy who had mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with focal deficiency of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity is described. He experienced 3 episodes of muscle weakness, fatigability, nausea, vomiting and concomitant increase of serum creatine kinase activity, at the age of 13, 15 and 17 years. During interval there was no muscle weakness and the serum creatine kinase activity was within normal range. Increased levels of lactic acid and pyruvic acid were observed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. After an aerobic exercise test, lactic acid and pyruvic acid in the blood increased to an abnormally high level, and the arterial blood became acidic (pH 7.297). On EEG, occasional intermittent irregular theta activities were observed in the anterior region, but there were no abnormalities on CT and MRI in the central nervous system. In the biopsied muscle, ragged-red fibers comprised 20% on modified Gomori-trichrome staining and a number of fibers with no CCO activity were scattered throughout. The CCO activity in the mitochondria isolated from the biopsied muscle was reduced to 49.2 nmol/min/mg protein (normal range 144.7-355.8), while other mitochondrial enzyme activities in the electron transport system were normal. From these data, the patient was considered to have a unique form of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. By the administration of a large amount of coenzyme Q10, episodes of muscle weakness and nausea, and an increase of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in the blood after aerobic exercise test were no longer observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Cardiovascular effects of apnea test in the diagnosis of brain death].

Cardiovascular effects of apnea test were investigated in 12 patients suspected of brain death. Arterial blood gas and cardiovascular hemodynamics were measured just before and after 10-minute apnea. Apnea test induced respiratory acidosis without hypoxemia. Cardiac index increased by 34% (2.3 to 3.1 l.min-1.m-2; P less than 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance index decreased by 30% (3608 to 2519 dynes.sec.cm-5.m-2; P less than 0.01), whereas heart rate and mean arterial pressure were unchanged. Significant increases in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (17.6 to 29.1 mmHg; P less than 0.01), pulmonary vascular resistance index (381 to 616 dynes.sec.cm-5.m-2; P less than 0.01) and right ventricular stroke work index (4.0 to 10.5 g.m.m-2; P less than 0.01) suggest that apnea test increases right ventricular afterload.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[MHC class I antigen expression by molar trophoblast].

It is an issue for debate why molar tissues are not rejected by an immunologically potent host, since all genes in complete moles and 2/3 genes in partial moles are considered to be paternally derived. Molar trophoblasts are in direct contact with host cells, and therefore HLA expression by these cells may hold the key to the elucidation of the immunological reaction between molar tissues and the host. It has been reported that villous trophoblasts are negative and extravillous trophoblasts are positive for HLA-A, B,C, but the expressed HLA-A,B,C molecule has been noted to lack their polymorphic determinants. We analyzed the reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies to a monomorphic determinant of HLA-A,B,C (W6/32 and Cappel anti-HLA-A,B,C) with molar trophoblasts, using three uteri containing complete moles and two containing partial moles. The reactivity was examined by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The staining patterns were almost identical in complete moles and partial moles. Villous trophoblasts showed a negative reaction with both antibodies. On the other hand, extravillous trophoblasts exhibited intense staining for W6/32 and negative staining for Cappel anti-HLA-A,B,C, which may suggest that the expression of a constant region as well as a variant region of HLA-A,B,C molecule is incomplete.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and EEG studies on complex partial seizure in children.

In 18 (40%) of 45 patients with CPS, paroxysmal discharges were hard to be found on their interictal EEG examinations. These patients were, however, not different from the other 27 patients with paroxysmal discharges on EEG as for the onset, prognosis for attack, complication of generalized tonic-clonic seizure and febrile convulsion, family history and adaptation to society.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Visual inputs to the dorsocaudal fastigial nucleus of the cat cerebellum. An experimental study using single unit recordings and horseradish peroxidase labelling.

Visual afferents to the cat fastigial nucleus (FN) have been studied with single unit recordings and horseradish peroxidase techniques. A total of 158 cells responding to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm (OCh) were extracellularly recorded from the dorsocaudal part of the FN. They were classified into three groups: type-1 cells (48%) which showed early suppression and late facilitation; type-2 cells (38%) which showed early facilitation and late suppression; type-3 cells (14%) which exhibited long lasting suppression with no signs of facilitation. Eight of 32 cells tested showed the same response patterns to photic stimulation as to electrical stimulation of the OCh. None of the cells responding to electrical and photic stimulation, however, were found in the rostral and ventral parts of the FN. Furthermore, 29 cells which responded to electrical stimulation of the OCh were tested for responses to moving pattern stimulation. Seven (4 type-2 cells and 3 type-3 cells) of the 29 cells showed clear modulation, reflecting the velocity component of a horizontally moving pattern. However, none of 13 type-1 cells tested exhibited apparent modulation in relation to movement of the pattern. In order to trace the possible pathways mediating visual signals to this part of the FN, the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method was used. Injection of HRP into the caudal FN resulted in the labelling of many cells, predominantly in the medial (M) and the descending (D) vestibular nuclei and in lobules VI and VII of the cerebellar vermis. A series of experiments further indicated the presence of possible pathways propagating visual signals to the caudal FN. The main routes are: 1) via the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT)--the dorsal part of the medullary reticular formation--the M and the D vestibular nuclei--to the FN, and 2) via the superior colliculus--the pontine nuclei--vermal lobules VI and VII--to the FN. The different physiological response patterns of FN cells may indicate that several types of visual signals involved with visually guided movements impinge upon the dorsocaudal FN.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[A case of right-sided infective endocarditis in a drug addict].

A 49-year-old man was admitted to Mitsui Memorial Hospital because of fever of unknown origin. Since one year ago, he had often used intravenous narcotic drugs. Ten months before his admission, he had his first experience of fever and a chill. Four months later, he was admitted to a hospital under the diagnosis of pneumonia and he was treated successfully. After his discharge, he began to use drugs again, which resulted in the repetition of fever and chills during four months prior to his admission to our hospital. On admission, physical findings concerning the patient were unremarkable, except for mild hepatomegaly. ECG and chest X-ray were normal. Laboratory data revealed marked inflammatory changes and severe liver injury. Blood culture disclosed Campylobacter fetus and two dimensional echocardiography showed a large vegetation on the anterior tricuspid valve. He was diagnosed as isolated tricuspid infective endocarditis accompanied with acute hepatitis due to drug abuse. Moreover pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy showed decreased perfusion in the right lower lung field, which suggested that pneumonia of six months ago was due to septic pulmonary emboli from the infected tricuspid valve. The combined antibiotics therapy was successful. By the follow-up echocardiographic studies, the size of vegetation was observed to decrease progressively.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMed1990

[Experience with shunting operation using a pressure-adjustable valve].

Ten patients, 8 with hydrocephalus and 2 with a subdural fluid collection, were operated using a pressure-adjustable shunt system (SOPHY). The valve-pressure of this shunt device can be adjusted percutaneously by means of a specially designed magnet. In the postoperative course, the valve-pressure was reset in 7 patients. In four patients, valve-resetting was necessitated because of inappropriate valve pressure. In the others, resetting was performed in order to confirm shunt-independence. Especially, in the case with disproportional large communicating fourth ventricle, we could adjust valve-pressure three times without surgical procedure. Although the number of cases in this study is small, this shunt device seems to be efficient in treating both the disorders of CSF circulation and subdural fluid collections. However, this device must make an artifact in the MR imaging because of its small pieces of magnet. So we recommend the device is placed on the chest if the follow-up MR imaging is necessitated. And as it is larger than other kinds of shunt devices, it might cause the necrosis of the skin on the device, especially in the newborn. But we have never seen the necrotic change of the skin since our first operation using it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[MR imaging of a spinal arachnoid cyst: report of two cases].

Two cases of spinal arachnoid cyst were examined by MR imaging at 1, 5 T (Signa; General Electric). In both cases, a large cystic mass was demonstrated in the thoraco-lumbar region. On a T2-weighted mid-sagittal image, a hypointense septum between the cystic mass and the subarachnoid space was identified in both cases. At surgery, an extradural arachnoid cyst was found in case 2. But, case 1 had an intradural one.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[MR imaging of basilar artery aneurysms].

Eight patients with basilar artery aneurysms (five fusiform, two saccular and one giant aneurysm) were studied by MRI at 1.5 tesla. Dilated lumen of basilar artery was detected in seven of eight patients on T2-weighted axial images. Deformity of pons was demonstrated in six of eight patients on T1-weighted midsagittal images. A fusiform aneurysm, 5 mm in diameter, could not be diagnosed by MRI. It was therefore concluded that MR imaging is relatively useful for diagnosing basilar artery aneurysms.

Adult↗