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Biomedical subjects

M Ohmi

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohmi.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Analysis of hepatic and renal dysfunction after surgery of thoracic aneurysm].

To analyze causes of postoperative hepatic and renal dysfunction in patients with thoracic aneurysm, we examined 31 patients who survived surgeries and 2 patients died of MOF. The patients were separated into three groups as follows; Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used for circulatory support in group A (n = 7), CPB and low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis in group B (n = 13) and temporary bypass or left atrial distal aorta arterial bypass was used in group C (n = 11). Operation time was significantly longer in group A (9.8 hrs) compared with group C (6.1 hrs). Amount of intraoperative blood transfusion was greater in groups A (4980 ml) and B (4860 ml) compared with group C (2320 ml). Postoperative highest total bilirubin level was significantly greater in group A (7.8 mg/dl) than group C (2.5 mg/dl). LDH was higher in groups A (1322 IU/l) and B (1336 IU/l) than group C (991 IU/l). GOT was higher in group B (200 IU/l) than group C (64 IU/l). There were no significant differences in GPT, creatinine and BUN among the three groups. Operation time and amount of intraoperative blood transfusion were positively correlated with postoperative hepatic function parameters. Two patients died of MOF showed severe hepato-renal dysfunction associated with LOS. The results indicate that hypothermic low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis do not induce hepatic or renal dysfunction, and postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is resulted from bilirubin overload which patients can tolerate well if they are not complicated with MOF.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Coronary artery bypass grafting using right gastro-epiploic artery and cholecystectomy].

A 59-year-old male with ischemic heart disease and cholecystolithiasis underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the right gastro-epiploic artery (GEA) and cholecystectomy simultaneously CABG was performed under standard extracorporeal circulation followed by cholecystectomy at the same incision. The opening in the dome of the diaphragm where the pedicle of GEA was brought up was closed with fibrin glue. Then, sternum was closed and cholecystectomy was performed with no elongation of the incision. The postoperative course was uneventful without mediastinitis or other infectious events. The postoperative angiography showed good patency of the GEA graft. Combined CABG using GEA and cholecystectomy is beneficial for the selected patients.

Arteries↗
PubMed1990

Recurrent thymoma in patients with myasthenia gravis.

One hundred sixty-six patients underwent operation for myasthenia gravis between 1977 and 1989. Thirty-eight patients had associated thymoma, registering stages I (n = 17), II (n = 9), III (n = 11), and IVa (n = 1) according to the classification of Masaoka and colleagues. Extended thymectomy was performed on 128 patients without thymoma; thymothymectomy, with resection of the anterior mediastinal fat and tissues adherent to the tumor, was performed in all patients with thymoma. There were no instances of early or late death. Neuromuscular function improved, and clinical myasthenic symptoms stabilized in almost all patients except 2 patients in stage III and 1 patient in stage IVa, who had an exacerbation of the myasthenic symptoms associated with recurrence of thymoma. All the recurrent tumors were on the pleura and could be resected. The suspected cause of recurrence is either dissemination of tumor cells as a result of operative manipulation or undetected disseminated foci that existed at the time of the first operation. The resections of the recurrent invasive thymomas localized on the pleura were easily performed and improved the myasthenic symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The effects of 5% carbon dioxide on the quantitative analysis of long-term pathology of the brain after surface hypothermia.

To evaluate the effects of 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) administration for hypothermic circulatory arrest, neurological evaluation and pathological studies were carried out on the canine brain. Twenty-two dogs were assigned to five groups: Group 1: Three dogs without hypothermia were sacrificed as the control group. Group 2: Nine dogs were subjected to surface hypothermia (20 degrees C) under deep ether anesthesia with 100% oxygen (O2) and hyperventilation. Circulatory arrest time was 30 min in Group 2A and 60 min in Group 2B. Group 3: Ten dogs were surface cooled (20 degrees C) under deep ether anesthesia with a 95% O2 and 5% CO2 mixture. Thirty minutes of circulatory arrest was instituted in Group 3A and 60 min in Group 3B. Dogs in Groups 2 and 3 were surface rewarmed and kept alive until they were sacrificed electively 6 or more months later. Results were as follows: (i) Postoperative neurological disturbance was detected in only two dogs in Group 2B. (ii) The percentage of damaged nerve cells among the total nerve cells counted in the cerebral cortex of the frontal lobe was significantly greater in Groups 2A (22.4%), 2B (30.1%), 3A (19.6%), and 3B (22.2%) compared with Group 1 (7.1%). (iii) The number of glia cells per nerve cell in the cerebellar dentate nucleus was significantly higher in Group 2B (27.2) than in Groups 1 (11.8), 2A (16.7), 3A (17.9), and 3B (18.6). (iv) The number of Purkinje cells in a 10-mm length of the cerebellum was markedly reduced to 89 in Group 2B compared with 122, 134, and 117 in Groups 1, 2A, and 3A, respectively. In conclusion, the results of quantitative pathological brain analysis reflected the incidence of postoperative neurological disturbance and suggested that the administration of 5% CO2 could prolong the time limit for circulatory arrest.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Shape from shading in different frames of reference.

It has often been reported that, in the absence of information about the direction of illumination, people interpret surface convexities and concavities in accordance with the assumption that illumination comes from above. However, 'above' could mean with reference to gravity, the head or the retina. Yonas et al reported that four-year-old infants use the head more than gravity as the frame of reference in interpreting surface relief but that seven-year-olds make about equal use of the two frames of reference. The potency of these two frames of reference when acting separately and when pitted against each other was measured on adult subjects. For all subjects the 'assumption' about the direction of illumination was predominantly with respect to the head. The gravitational frame was used only when the headcentric frame was irrelevant, and then not consistently.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of donor specific transfusion (DST) is restricted to the rat combination used and closely related with alloantibody in heart transplantation.

The effect of donor specific transfusion (DST) in several donor-recipient combinations was examined using the rat heart transplantation model. In some donor-recipient combinations such as LEW to DA, LEW to ACI, LEW to PVG and PVG to DA, DST pretreatment could induce permanent graft survival (greater than 100 days). But in DA to LEW, ACI to LEW, LEW to BN, BN to LEW, PVG to LEW and BN to DA combinations DST pretreatment had no effect on graft survival. The effect of pre-immunization with several DA antigens (heart, liver, lymph node cells and red blood cells) was examined using the DA to LEW combination in which DST pretreatment was not effective. In no case was permanent graft survival obtained. Alloantibody levels (anti-class I and anti-class I + II, respectively) were analysed at the time of heart transplantation and in the post-transplantation period. The anti-class I antibody levels were low or not detected in rats with surviving grafts, but in the rats which failed to have the prolonged graft survival, anti-class I antibody levels were high. This study showed that the effect of DST was restricted to particular donor-recipient rat combination in the heart transplantation model.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Human optokinetic nystagmus: competition between stationary and moving displays.

We reported earlier that occlusion of the central retina and stationary edges have highly interactive effects on the gain of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN; Murasugi, Howard, & Ohmi, 1986). In this study, we explored this effect in more detail. A central occluding band of variable height, flanked by vertical bars, was superimposed onto an array of dots moving at 30 degrees per second. The height of the occluding band required to abolish OKN increased with the separation of the vertical bars. For bars 3.5 degrees apart, OKN was abolished in most subjects when a band only 6' high ran between them. For bars 75 degrees apart, a band at least 20 degrees in height was required to abolish the response. The effects of the stationary figure depended to some extent on the subject's attention, but only at intermediate values of bar separation. Both low- and high-level mechanisms are proposed to account for the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Congenital coronary artery fistula draining into the superior vena cava with giant saccular aneurysm--report of a case].

A 42-year-old woman who had a coronary artery fistula, associated with a giant coronary saccular aneurysm was reported. The coronary artery fistula originated from the proximal portion of the right coronary artery drained into the superior vena cava. The chief complaint was heart murmur which was detected at the 2nd intercostal space of the right sternal border. No other symptoms were present. The aneurysm was approximately 5 X 7 cm in size. In the operation using cardiopulmonary bypass, the proximal and distal portions of the coronary artery fistula were ligated successfully without aneurysmorrhaphy. The postoperative conditions was even without any complications. Congenital coronary artery fistulas with a giant saccular aneurysm should be surgically treated as soon as possible because of potential risk of aneurysmal rupture.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in postoperative colloid oncotic pressures after open heart surgery especially in relation to recovery of the hemodynamic and respiratory status].

In order to evaluate the relationship among the changes of colloid oncotic pressure (COP), hemodynamic and respiratory recovery after open heart surgery, cardiac index (CI), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), (A-a)DO2, urine output and COP were measured in 33 patients during 48 hours after the cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB). The patients were divided into three groups according to COP values at 3 and 24 hours after CPB. Twenty three patients whose COP values were normal (COP greater than or equal to 19 mmHg) at 3 hours after CPB maintained stable hemodynamic and respiratory status. Cardio-respiratory status were deteriorated in the 6 patients whose COP values were below normal both 3 and 24 hours after CPB. On the other hand, 4 patients with normal (A-a)DO2 and low COP values at 3 hours after CPB demonstrated rapid recovery of COP values and improvement of cardiac function. It is concluded that the patients with both cardiac and respiratory dysfunction have low COP values during 48 hours after CPB, but the patients with normal (A-a)DO2 and low COP at 3 hours after CPB demonstrate the recovery of COP values with rapid improvement of cardiac function until 24 hours after open heart surgery.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical considerations after patch closure of atrial septal defect with tricuspid annuloplasty].

Two patients with complications of embolism during the early postoperative period after patch closure of atrial septal defect with tricuspid annuloplasty were reported. Case 1: A 58-year-old woman underwent closure of an atrial septal defect and tricuspid annuloplasty by means of Kay's technique for tricuspid regurgitation. She had an episode of thromboembolism in the bilateral common femoral arteries 7 days after surgery. Thromboembolectomy was performed successfully using Fogarty's embolectomy catheter. Case 2: A 49-year-old woman underwent closure of an atrial septal defect and the tricuspid annuloplasty using Carpentier ring for tricuspid regurgitation. The patient had transient left hemiparesis on the 5th postoperative day. Both patients had atrial fibrillation and mild pulmonary hypertension before surgery. In relatively old patients (over 40 years old) with atrial septal defect, tricuspid regurgitation and atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant therapy should be started immediately after surgery to prevent thromboembolism.

Female↗
PubMed1988

A single pericardial patch technique for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect.

A technique is described for repair of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. The procedure, using a single autologous pericardial patch, is able to facilitate both reconstruction of the pulmonary venous channel and enlargement of the superior vena cava. This technique also reduces the incidence of arrhythmias.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1988

Effect of stationary objects on illusory forward self-motion induced by a looming display.

It has previously been shown that when a moving and a stationary display are superimposed, illusory self-rotation (circular vection) is induced only when the moving display appears as the background. Three experiments are reported on the extent to which illusory forward self-motion (forward vection) induced by a looming display is inhibited by a superimposed stationary display as a function of the size and location of the stationary display and of the depth between the stationary and looming displays. Results showed that forward vection was controlled by the display that was perceived as the background, and background stationary displays suppressed forward vection by about the same amount whatever their size and eccentricity. Also, the perception of foreground-background properties of competing displays determined which controlled forward vection, and this control was not tied to specific depth cues. The inhibitory effect of a stationary background on forward vection was, however, weaker than that found with circular vection. This difference makes sense because, for forward body motion, the image of a distant scene is virtually stationary whereas, when the body rotates, it is not.

Attention↗
PubMed1988

Dynamic occlusion and motion parallax in depth perception.

Random-dot techniques were used to examine the interactions between the depth cues of dynamic occlusion and motion parallax in the perception of three-dimensional (3-D) structures, in two different situations: (a) when an observer moved laterally with respect to a rigid 3-D structure, and (b) when surfaces at different distances moved with respect to a stationary observer. In condition (a), the extent of accretion/deletion (dynamic occlusion) and the amount of relative motion (motion parallax) were both linked to the motion of the observer. When the two cues specified opposite, and therefore contradictory, depth orders, the perceived order in depth of the simulated surfaces was dependent on the magnitude of the depth separation. For small depth separations, motion parallax determined the perceived order, whereas for large separations it was determined by dynamic occlusion. In condition (b), where the motion parallax cues for depth order were inherently ambiguous, depth order was determined principally by the unambiguous occlusion information.

Attention↗
PubMed1988

[Levels of plasma cyclic AMP in cardiac surgery].

The actions of hormones such as catecholamines, vasopressin and growth hormones are mediated by a common intracellular second messenger, cyclic AMP (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate). The effects of cardiac surgery on plasma cyclic AMP were studied in 32 adults patients with aorta-coronary bypass or with valvular disease. Blood specimens were obtained before operation, at the beginning and at the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours after surgery. The plasma cyclic AMP level during cardiac operation was elevated above the preoperative level. High levels of plasma cyclic AMP were found both in the aorta-coronary bypass and in the valvular disease immediately after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. The plasma cyclic AMP level in patients undergoing aorta-coronary bypass with aortic clamping time more than 60 minutes was 38.6 +/- 11.7 pmol/ml, compared to 25.6 +/- 6.6 pmol/ml with aortic clamping time less than 60 minutes immediately after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. In patients undergoing valve replacement and/or commissurotomy with aortic clamping time more than 60 minutes, the plasma cyclic AMP level immediately after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass was 113 +/- 63.3 pmol/ml, compared to 45.4 +/- 10.3 pmol/ml with aortic clamping time less than 60 minutes (p less than 0.01, Student's t test). During 24 hours after cardiac surgery, the plasma cyclic AMP concentration returned to normal range. It is considered that the plasma cyclic AMP level reflects the risk of cardiac surgery in response to homeostatic derangement.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗