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Biomedical subjects

M Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohashi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

alpha-Neoendorphin-like immunoreactivity in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.

alpha-Neoendorphin-like immunoreactivities (alpha-NE-IR) were demonstrated in tissues from three patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). A large amount of alpha-NE-IR was detected in the extracts of primary tumors and metastatic lymphatic tissues by a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA). Gel filtration analyses showed two different molecular-weight forms of the alpha-NE-IR: One eluted at the void fraction and the other at the position of [125I]-alpha-NE on Sephadex (Pharmacia Fine Chemical, Uppsala, Sweden) G-50 chromatography. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the presence of alpha-NE-IR in the C-cell carcinoma. These data presumably reflect that alpha-NE, the opioid peptide derived from preproenkephalin B, is synthesized in the MCT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in normal men; effect of aging.

We reported that plasma human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP) in healthy aged men was significantly higher than that in young men, presumably due to a diminished cellular response to endogenous hANP in the aged subjects (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 64 (1987) 81). To examine the effect of age on the metabolic clearance rate for hANP, synthetic alpha-hANP (2 micrograms/kg) was administered intravenously to healthy young (n=6) and aged (n=4) men. The plasma hANP was measured by a direct radioimmunoassay. The disappearance of alpha-hANP from plasma was characterized by a biexponential decay curve, in both groups. There was no difference of the initial phase between young and aged groups (young vs aged; 1.2 +/- 0.2 min vs 2.9 +/- 1.0 min), while the second phase of alpha-hANP disappearance in the aged group was significantly prolonged compared with that in the young individuals (young vs aged; 17.3 +/- 3.9 min vs 34.3 +/- 3.0 min, P less than 0.05). We tentatively conclude that the reduced metabolic clearance rates for hANP were responsible, in part, for the high plasma concentrations in the aged men.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Isolation and characterization of major gangliosides from frog liver.

Four major gangliosides isolated from frog liver were characterized by compositional analysis involving GLC and GC-MS, methylation analysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that the most major ganglioside in the tissue was GM4 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and the others were GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GD1a, and a fucosyl ganglioside which was tentatively assigned to be alpha-galactosyl alpha-fucosyl GM1. This is the first report describing the presence of GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The fatty acids in both GM4 were mainly alpha-hydroxylated, and those in the fucosyl ganglioside were exclusively nonhydroxy fatty acids. The GD1a contained both nonhydroxy and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of about 3:2. The predominant species were 22:0, 23:0, 24:0, and 24:1 in both species of the fatty acids. The long-chain bases of these four gangliosides consisted of C18-sphingosine and C18-phytosphingosine together with significant amounts of C16 to C19 dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases with iso and anteiso structures.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of Campylobacter pyloridis from human gastric mucosa and characterization of the isolates.

Biopsy specimens of human gastric mucosa of patients with gastric complaints and subjected to endoscopic examination were cultured microaerobically, and Campylobacter pyloridis was detected in 46 out of 80 cases (57.5%). The organism was found in 13 out of 22 patients with gastritis, 11 out of 16 with gastric ulcer scar, 7 out of 16 with gastric ulcer, 3 out of 9 with gastric polyp, 4 out of 5 with gastric carcinoma, 2 out of 2 with esophagus carcinoma, and 6 out of 9 with other gastric diseases. The isolates were identified as C. pyloridis, demonstrating its characteristic features such as positive for oxidase and catalase, negative for reduction of nitrite and nitrate, positive for urease, no growth at 25 C, growth at 37 C, not tolerant to 1% glycine, and resistant to nalidixic acid. Positive alkaline phosphatase activity was considered as an additional feature characteristic for the strains of C. pyloridis. The major cellular fatty acids were tetradecanoic acid and 19-carbon-cyclopropane acid. This pattern is unique among Campylobacter species. The survival of the organism for a longer period than 60 min at pH 2.5 indicates its significant resistance to acidic environment.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

High plasma concentrations of human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in aged men.

To examine the effect of age on the secretion and action of human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP), we compared plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide and cGMP concentrations in 19 normal young (24-28 yr old) and 31 elderly (64-91 yr old) men. The mean basal plasma hANP level was 25 +/- 5 (+/- SEM) pg/ml in the young men and 120 +/- 22 pg/ml in the elderly men (P less than 0.01). The molecular size of plasma hANP in an aged man was similar to that of alpha hANP. The responses of plasma hANP and cGMP concentrations to an iv infusion of 500 ml 0.15 M NaCl also was compared. Mean plasma hANP concentrations increased significantly in both groups, and the response in the elderly men was exaggerated compared to that in the young men. However, the increases in plasma cGMP concentrations during NaCl loading were similar in both groups. We conclude that 1) the plasma hANP concentrations in healthy elderly men are higher than those in young men, and 2) the higher plasma hANP concentrations may be a compensatory response to reduced hANP activation of its receptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A difference in pharmacological properties of histamine receptors in rabbit aorta and basilar artery.

An interaction of Ca entry blockers, D600 and diltiazem, with histamine receptors was tested in rabbit aorta and basilar artery. D600 caused a parallel rightward shift of the concentration response curve for histamine. The slope values from Schild plot analysis in aorta were not different from unity. Dibenamine pretreatment caused reduction of maximum response to histamine in aorta. Such reduction was diminished markedly by the presence of D600 or chlorpheniramine in aorta but not in basilar artery. However, diltiazem did not influence the concentration response curve for histamine. These findings suggest that pharmacological property of histamine receptors in rabbit aorta is distinct from that in basilar artery. Furthermore diltiazem seems not to interact with histamine receptors in both vascular tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide on anterior pituitary function in men.

In order to examine the effects of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) on the basal plasma concentrations of GH, TSH, LH, FSH and PRL in humans, synthetic alpha-hANP was infused into 10 normotensive, euvolemic, healthy volunteers. There were observed marked hypotensive, diuretic and natriuretic effects during the alpha-hANP infusion. The basal plasma concentrations of GH, TSH, LH and FSH, showed no significant change following the alpha-hANP infusion. However, significant suppression of the plasma PRL concentration was observed with the alpha-hANP administration. The mean plasma PRL concentration tended to be decreased during 20 min of alpha-hANP infusion, however, there the differences were not statistically significant. A significant reduction in the mean plasma PRL concentration (-20%, P less than 0.5) was observed 10 min after the end of infusion, following the reversion to the preinfusion level at 70 min after the end of infusion. Such a significant and delayed suppression was not seen in the case of placebo infusion. The data suggest that the circulating hANP may reduce the release of PRL.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between atrial natriuretic polypeptide and cyclic 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate in human plasma.

To examine the interrelationship between human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (hANP) and cyclic 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), plasma concentrations of these compounds were determined in 61 disease-free humans, as controls, and in 35 patients with congestive heart failure. Levels of plasma hANP (199.6 +/- 53.7 pg/ml) and cyclic GMP (12.6 +/- 1.7 pmol/ml) in patients with congestive heart failure were significantly higher than in the control subjects (hANP 57.1 +/- 2.8 pg/ml, cyclic GMP 5.2 +/- 0.3 pmol/ml). Although plasma hANP concentrations in the patients with congestive heart failure tended to increase with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, there was no significant correlation between the levels of plasma hANP and the grade of heart failure, classified according to the New York Heart Association. However, a significant correlation was found between plasma hANP and cyclic GMP concentrations in both the healthy subjects and the patients with congestive heart failure, and a weak positive correlation between plasma hANP and cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentration in the patients with congestive heart failure. Thus, changes in plasma cyclic GMP concentration depend to some extent on the plasma concentrations of hANP.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Complete response of unresectable gastric cancer (Borrmann's type III) treated with combination chemotherapy of UFT and mitomycin--a case report].

A 69-year-old male visited our hospital in December, 1983, complaining of dysphasia. X-ray and endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed Borrmann's type 3 of the cardia. A biopsy specimen revealed typical features of adenocarcinoma. Because the tumor could not be resected, chemotherapy was started in February, 1984 with a combination of UFT (600 mg/day) and mitomycin (6 mg/week). After five courses of the combination chemotherapy, UFT therapy was continued. Follow-up endoscopy in August, 1985, showed a discolored area of the cardia. A biopsy specimen revealed no evidence of carcinoma. UFT-M therapy is a useful chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗