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Biomedical subjects

M Ohashi

Publications and source records attributed to M Ohashi.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Humoral factors derived from glial cells protect cultured neuroblastoma cells against glutamate toxicity.

The protective effects of glial cells against glutamate cytotoxicity on neuronal cells were studied using clonal neuroblastoma cells and two types of glial cells. Neuronal cells treated with glia-conditioned medium became able to tolerate glutamate toxicity. It is suggested that the preparatory processes against glutamate toxicity might be developed in neurons by the humoral factor(s) released from glial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

alpha-Tocopherol protects against radical-induced injury in cultured neurons.

The effect of alpha-tocopherol on neurons in protecting against radical-induced injuries caused by cumene hydroperoxide was assessed using a culture system. Structural and biochemical deteriorations in both clonal neuroblastoma cells and primary cultured neurons were induced by cumene hydroperoxide. These deteriorative changes were prevented prevented by pretreatment of alpha-tocopherol. Since simultaneous supplementation of alpha-tocopherol and cumene hydroperoxide had limited protective effects, prophylactic administration of alpha-tocopherol for risk patients with brain diseases concerned with damages induced by free radical is recommended to hamper the progression of neuronal impairment after attacks.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Unique change of pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid by aging.

Using a specific antiserum for the C-terminal glycine amide region of human pancreastatin (PST), pancreastatin-like immunoreactivity (PST-LI) was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 447 subjects (368 +/- 10.8 pmol/l, mean +/- S.E.M.) free from endocrine diseases. The CSF contents of PST-LI showed a mountain-shape type change which peaked at 40 years of age. The highest concentration was found in the group of ages 40-49 years old (412 +/- 22.9 pmol/l) and the lowest concentration was found in the group of ages 80-89 years old (293.2 +/- 45.2 pmol/l) among various age groups. Gel chromatographic examination revealed the presence of two major forms (MW 13,500 and 5,400) of PST-LI in CSF. Because of the character of this antibody, the large molecular form is possibly an N-terminally elongated PST and the other may be PST-52. This may be the first report on the unique age-related change of PST concentration in CSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Tandem mass spectrometry for characterization of unsaturated disaccharides from chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan.

Fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry has been used in the characterization of non-, mono-, di- and trisulfated disaccharides from chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan. The positional isomers of the sulfate group of mono- and disulfated disaccharides were distinguished from each other by both positive- and negative-ion fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectra, which gave sufficient information characteristic of the isomers. The anomeric isomers of nonsulfated disaccharides were characterized by the technique in the positive-ion mode. This fast atom bombardment collision induced dissociation mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry technique was also applied successfully to the characterization of trisulfated disaccharide.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1994

Spinal cord injury hospitalisation in a rehabilitation hospital in Japan.

The Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital was established by Kanagawa Prefecture 20 years ago. The hospital has a 40 bed SCI unit and has been providing comprehensive medical and rehabilitation services for SCI patients of this prefecture. A letter of enquiry to 404 major surgical units within this prefecture revealed that 630 SCI patients had been under care in this prefecture during a period of 3 years. Of these, the Frankel grade A, B and C patients, were assumed to be rehabilitation candidates, totalling about 130 in this prefecture per year. The inpatient medical record revealed that we treated 770 SCI patients from 1986 to 1991. From this data, we estimated that the hospital accepted an average of 54.5 SCI patients per year for rehabilitation purposes. Other inpatients were rehospitalised for various complications. According to the study of 125 patients who were hospitalised for comprehensive rehabilitation, they waited an average of 139 days and stayed in the hospital for 288 days. The increasing number of chronic patients who required treatment of complications appeared to be delaying the early admission of rehabilitation patients. The medical treatment cost for those with spinal cord injuries was less than that for the average patient with other types of medical conditions.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Significance of tubuloreticular structures forming in Daudi cells cultured with sera from mothers bearing infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus.

It is known that infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) may be born to mothers whose sera are positive for the anti-Ro/SSA antibody. However, women who have this antibody do not always give birth to children with NLE. We have demonstrated tubuloreticular structures in vascular endothelial cells in the skin lesions of infants with NLE. Tubuloreticular structures could no longer be detected at the site of the lesions once the annular erythema had resolved, and the anti-Ro/SSA antibody test had become negative. The probability of a child being born with NLE was assessed by observing whether tubuloreticular structures were formed in Daudi cells cultured with sera from eight mothers who were anti-Ro/SSA antibody positive. Tubuloreticular structures formed in Daudi cells cultured with sera from four mothers who bore infants with NLE, but not in Daudi cells cultured with sera from four other mothers who bore normal infants. These results suggest that women who are positive for the anti-Ro/SSA antibody have a higher risk of bearing infants with NLE if tubuloreticular structures are formed in Daudi cells cultured with sera from these women, whereas this risk is lower if tubuloreticular structures do not develop in Daudi cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Electron microscopic examination of cutaneous lesions by the quick re-embedding method from paraffin-embedded blocks.

We attempted to evaluate whether Widéhn's quick re-embedding method from paraffin blocks is useful for dermatopathological diagnosis. Regarding fine preservation of nuclei, tono-fibrils and desmosomes of keratinocytes in normal skin, we could recognize no difference between the quick re-embedding method and traditional re-embedding methods. However, preservation of mitochondria and Birbeck granules in Langerhans cells was poor regardless of the method used. Furthermore, we studied the ultrastructural features of some viral skin diseases including molluscum contagiosum, herpes simplex, varicella-zoster and verruca vulgaris, and some skin tumors, including angioleiomyoma, angiosarcoma, Merkel cell carcinoma and amelanotic melanoma using the quick re-embedding method. We determined that all viral structures were sufficiently preserved by the quick method to observe the virions and development of the virus. Myofilaments and dense bodies of angioleiomyoma, Weibel-Palade bodies of angiosarcoma, neurosecretory granules of Merkel cell carcinoma and melanosomes of amelanotic melanoma were recognized by the quick method. From these results, we concluded that the quick re-embedding method is useful for the diagnosis of skin diseases, especially viral skin diseases and some skin tumors.

Angiomyoma↗
PubMed1994

Mixed connective tissue disease complicated by infection with human immunodeficiency virus.

A case of HIV-infection presenting as mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is reported. A 26-year-old woman from Kenya was admitted with the symptoms and laboratory findings of MCTD. Her peripheral CD4 cell count was decreased. She had high titers of antibodies to HIV antigen by a passive agglutination test and an immunofluorescence technique. Moreover, specific IgG and IgM antibodies to HIV antigens were detected by Western blot analysis after complete absorption of the serum in extractable nuclear antigens from calf thymus. While undergoing azidothymidine treatment, she developed AIDS and died of intracranial bleeding. This is the first report of HIV infection associated with MCTD-like symptoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study on 26 cases of incidental adrenal tumors: a consideration on surgical indication].

At our medical center we have seen 151 patients who have undergone adrenalectomy from 1971 up until June 1992. There has been a recent increase in the number of cases since 99 patients have been seen in the last eight years from 1985. This increase is related to the increase in the number of incidental tumors. Of those 99, 26 have been incidental tumors. Twenty-four of those have been endocrine inactive tumors, and the remaining 2, both active endocrinologically, were pheochromocytoma. We propose that our tentative indications for surgical treatment of incidental tumors are 1) tumors of diameter 3.5 cm or greater, 2) tumors undeniably malignant by imaging diagnosis, 3) tumors that tend to increase in size with every six-month re-examination, even though the original size is less than 3.5 cm in diameter, and 4) tumors endocrinologically active. The main purpose of this study was to make a differential diagnosis of malignant tumors among incidental tumors. Diagnostic modalities included 1) imaging diagnosis such as echography, CT, MRI, and angiography, 2) analysis of DNA ploidy and BrdU uptake utilizing flow cytometry of excised adrenal tumor tissues, and 3) analysis of urinary steroid fraction. It is generally thought that there are currently no methods by which malignant tumors can be differentiated with certainty, even with modern diagnostic technology, and review of the literature, finds approval or disapproval with regard to the methods we selected to evaluate tumors. What has aroused interest in our results is urinary 17KS fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1994

Utility of Albusure test in screening for early stage of diabetic nephropathy.

All diabetic patients should be screened for the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, because microalbuminuria has a great prognostic significance. The albusure test (AT), alatex agglutination nephelometric immunoassay, is a rapid and low cost test for the detection of microalbuminuria of 30 mg/L or more. We compared the results of AT and of radioimmunoassay (RIA) for urinary albumin to evaluate the clinical utility of AT using fresh urine samples from 74 diabetic patients without persistent proteinuria and from 11 healthy subjects. Urinary albumin levels measured by RIA were 6.0 +/- 2.3 mg/L in the healthy subjects, 11.0 +/- 8.7 mg/L in the AT-negative group (n = 61), and 38.1 +/- 10.2 mg/L in the AT-positive group (n = 13). Using a cut-off value of 30 mg/L by RIA, the rate of coincidence between AT and RIA was 89.2%, although five subjects were false-positive by AT, and three were false-negative. These results show that AT may provide a useful monitor microalbuminuria, a reliable early mark of diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment of obesity as an insulin resistance].

Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia should play an important role in the formation of obesity-associated complications such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia etc.. Moreover, obesity is a major aggravating factor for the musculoskeletal disorders. Using the ratio of fasting plasma glucose per insulin (IRI) as a parameter of insulin resistance, I have attempted to know how the insulin resistance would be improved concomitant to the weight reduction of obese patients who mainly suffered from musculoskeletal diseases. The results clearly showed the vigorous weight reduction conducted the significant decrease of the insulin resistance as well as normalizations of blood pressures and several biochemical parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Surgical treatment for postinfarction ventricular septal perforation].

Between August 1981 and August 1992, operation for ventricular septal perforation (VSP) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was performed in 12 patients and the results were studied. During this period, medical treatment was attempted as a standard therapy for more than two weeks after AMI, followed by operation. However, only four patients received elective operation two weeks after the onset of AMI. Regarding the relationship between the preoperative circulatory status and timing of surgery, elective operative could not be performed in seven patients showing a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) of more than 3.0, while four out of five patients with a ratio of less than 3.0 received operation more than two weeks after the onset of AMI. Two patients with severe right heart failure after the repair of VSP died on table without weaning from the pump. Ten operative survivors were weaned from the pump without any difficulty of hemostasis and intraaortic balloon pumping was removed after operation. However, three patients died of multiple organ failure which had been deteriorating before operation. Postoperative activity improved to New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II in six survivors for the late follow-up period. In the case of high Qp/Qs due to VSP, early operation is recommended to prevent multiple organ failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

The re-evaluation of sex steroids metabolism in patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

We examined the serum levels of testosterone (T), androstenedione (delta 4-A), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in the non-alcoholic cirrhotic male patients when divided into compensated or decompensated state. Serum level of T was significantly elevated in compensated cirrhotic patients (9.63 +/- 1.00 ng/ml, mean +/- SE) compared to that in decompensated cirrhotic patients (5.63 +/- 0.69 ng/ml, p < 0.01) and in aged-matched normal controls (4.95 +/- 0.38 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Serum levels of E1, E2 and delta 4-A tended to be increased in decompensated cirrhotic patients, while there was not a significant difference decompensated cirrhosis compared to those of normal controls. Serum concentration of cholinesterase, indicative one of the representative residual liver function, showed a good positive correlation to T (r = 0.53, p < 0.01), and a negative correlations to E1 (r = -0.67, p < 0.01), E2 (r = -0.77, p < 0.01), delta 4-A (r = -0.57, r = p < 0.01). Also, we examined the relationship of the serum levels to gynecomastia or esophageal varices. The cirrhotics with gynecomastia showed significantly higher serum levels of E1, E2, and delta 4-A, and lower level of T than those without gynecomastia. And the cirrhotics with esophageal varices showed the greater level of T than those without esophageal varices. Our study suggests that low serum testosterone level of men with nonalcoholic cirrhotic is not a common finding, especially in compensated state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Unique imagings of CT and MR in liver metastasis from gastric leiomyosarcoma.

We report unique features of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the metastatic lesion of the liver in a case of gastric leiomyosarcoma. A CT scan and MR image demonstrated presence of a huge multilocular cystic lesion in the liver, of which finding were unlike to those of usual smooth muscle tumors, but mimicked to those of cystadenomatous tumors. In addition, this case had an extremely long elapsing time over ten years from the radical operation for the primary site.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Calmodulin antagonistic action of new 1,5-benzothiazepines derived from diltiazem.

A series of newly synthesized 1,5-benzothiazepines derived from diltiazem (CAS 42399-41-7) were tested for calmodulin antagonistic activities using Ca(2+)-calmodulin stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE). Some compounds possessing the benzoyloxy moieties at position 4 of 1,5-benzothiazepine ring of diltiazem showed a dose-dependent inhibitory action with the potencies comparable to that of a calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7). In contrast, diltiazem did not exert the inhibitory action at the same concentrations. Further, radioligand binding experiment, using a radiolabeled 1,5-benzothiazepine, showed that these compounds bound to Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex, but not to calmodulin in the presence of EGTA, suggesting that these 1,5-benzothiazepines are new calmodulin antagonists. Some of these compounds inhibited [3H]diltiazem binding to Ca antagonist binding sites in cell membranes of rat cerebral cortex but with a less potent affinities than diltiazem, suggesting that there was no correlation between their anti-calmodulin effect and the binding affinity to Ca antagonist binding sites. In conclusion, new 1,5-benzothiazepines have been demonstrated to have an anti-calmodulin action. These compounds may possess a pharmacological activity based on their anti-calmodulin action in addition to their interaction with Ca channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of N-nitroso-N-alkylureas by pre-column fluorescence derivatization and application to blood analysis.

A method for the derivatization and separation of N-nitroso-N-alkylureas [alkyl = methyl (NMU), ethyl (NEU), and n-butyl (NBU)] has been developed. Fluorescent derivatives were formed with sodium sulphide, taurine and o-phthalaldehyde and separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The limits of detection of standard NMU, NEU and NBU were 0.25, 0.8 and 1.5 pmol/200 microliters, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of NMU in blood after extraction with acetonitrile in the presence of calcium chloride. NBU was used as the internal standard. The recovery of NMU from blood was ca. 95%, and the limit of detection was 10 pmol/400 microliters blood. NMU levels in rabbit blood following a single oral administration were also measured.

Acetonitriles↗