Juxta-articular bone cysts at the insertion of the pes anserinus. Report of two cases.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Ogata
Publications and source records attributed to M Ogata.
[Clinical study of arterial ketone body ratio (ACAC/beta-OHCS) during hepatectomy].
The changes in arterial ketone body ratio (acetoacetate/beta-hydroxybutyrate) were investigated in 7 patients undergoing hepatectomy under epidural anesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, glucagon, lactate, pyruvate and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) were measured during the operation. The plasma level of insulin activity increased significantly during surgery. The secretory capability of insulin against glucose load was relatively preserved. Arterial ketone body ratio also increased during the operation. The plasma insulin activity was positively correlated significantly with the arterial ketone body ratio (Y = 0.98 + 0.76X; r = 0.76). Both lactate and pyruvate increased significantly during surgery. No remarkable changes of L/P ratio reflecting the redox state in cytoplasma were found in both groups. Our results suggest that the quantity of glucose load and insulin activity should be considered when arterial ketone body ratio is measured during the operation.
Aged↗
[The effect of glucose loading on changes in ketone and glucose metabolism during gastrectomy].
Plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acid, ketone body, lactate and pyruvate were measured in 14 patients undergoing gastrectomy under general anesthesia with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Lactated ringer solution with glucose load (10 g.hr-1) was administered in seven patients [glucose loading group: Glucose (+)] and the other seven patients received only lactated ringer solution [glucose free group: Glucose (-)]. Blood glucose increased significantly in both groups, but a significant difference appeared between Glucose (+) and Glucose (-). Plasma insulin activity and IRI/BS ratio increased in Glucose (+) and a significant difference was found between the two groups. No remarkable change in plasma glucagon level was found in both groups. Free fatty acid and ketone bodies (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate) decreased significantly in Glucose (+), but they increased significantly in Glucose (-) and significant differences were found between the two groups. The rate of changes of beta-hydroxybutyrate was consistently higher than that of acetoacetate. Lactate and pyruvate increased significantly in both groups. These results suggest that continuous glucose loading may facilitate insulin release from the pancreas and suppress the hyperketonemia and hyperlipidemia during partial gastrectomy.
Blood Glucose↗
[Histological study on possibility of senile dementia diagnosis in forensic autopsy cases].
Forensic autopsied brains from 57 cases were examined to establish histopathological criteria for normal aging and senile dementia. Senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), amyloid angiopathy and lipofuscin deposits were quantified in the occipital lobe and in the hippocampus. Histopathological data were analysed by the image analyzer. The primitive senile plaque (SPP) and lipofuscin deposits were observed over age of 50. The senile plaque with core (SPC) and NFT were presented in the cases above 70 year of age. There were close correlation between the individual age in non-demented, and the number, size and occupation ratio of SPC in the occipital lobe and hippocampus. In the dementia cases, the occupation ratio of SPC in the hippocampus and the number of SPP in the occipital cortex were significantly increased against the non-demented group.
Aged↗
Domain II mutants of Pseudomonas exotoxin deficient in translocation.
Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) kills mammalian cells in a complex process that involves cell surface binding, internalization by endocytosis, translocation to the cytosol, and ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2. PE is a three-domain protein in which domain I binds to the cell surface, domain II promotes translocation into the cytosol, and domain III carries out ADP-ribosylation. To determine how translocation occurs, we have mutated all the arginine residues in domain II and found that mutations at positions 276 and 279 greatly diminished the cytotoxicity of PE and mutations 330 and 337 substantially reduced cytotoxicity. Biochemical studies indicate that after internalization into an endocytic compartment, the PE molecule undergoes a specific and saturable intracellular interaction, and this interaction is deficient in an Arg276----Gly mutant. Our data suggest that the translocation process of PE involves a specific interaction of Arg276 (and possibly Arg279, Arg330, and Arg337) with components of an intracellular compartment.
ADP Ribose Transferases↗
Thymic stroma-derived T cell growth factor (TSTGF). IV. Capacity of TSTGF to promote the growth of L3T4- Lyt-2- thymocytes by synergy with phorbol myristate acetate or various IL.
The present study investigates the role of thymic stroma-derived T cell growth factor (TSTGF) in promoting the growth of L3T4- Lyt2- (double-negative) thymocytes. Partially purified TSTGF samples were prepared from the culture supernatant of a newly established thymic stromal cell line, MRL104.8a. The TSTGF alone induced only marginal proliferation of double-negative thymocytes, whereas this factor exerted a potent growth-promoting effect on these cells in combination with PMA. Because such an enhanced proliferation was not inhibited by anti-IL-4 or anti-IL-2R antibody, this was not due to the stimulation of an autocrine mechanism involving the production and utilization of IL-4 or IL-2. In scrutinizing PMA-equivalent physiologic substance(s), IL-1 was revealed to be capable of replacing the role of PMA in the above co-stimulation cultures and including enhanced proliferation of double-negative thymocytes in combination with TSTGF. Although TSTGF plus IL-2 or IL-4 also exhibited an appreciable or moderate synergistic effect on the growth of double-negative thymocytes, its magnitude was weaker compared with that obtained by TSTGF plus IL-1. More important, the strikingly enhanced proliferation was induced in the combinations of TSTGF, IL-1, and IL-2 or IL-4 under conditions in which the proliferation induced by IL-1 plus IL-4 or IL-1 plus IL-2 was marginal or slight. Furthermore, such strongly enhanced proliferation was also observed in the double-negative thymocyte population which was additionally depleted of T3+ cells (namely, the L3T4- Lyt-2- T3- or dull population). These results indicate the crucial role of TSTGF in the proliferation of immature thymocytes by synergy with various cytokines.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Characterization of human residual catalase of an acatalasemic patient by isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electrophoretic blotting and immunodetection.
Isoelectric points and subunit sizes of catalases in human blood and human cultured skin fibroblasts from acatalasemic and normal subjects were analyzed by isoelectric focusing in agarose gel and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, followed by electroblotting to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes for immunodetection. The results indicated that the isoelectric point of residual catalase in the C fraction prepared from acatalasemic erythrocytes was identical with that of catalase prepared from normal erythrocytes. The residual catalase in homogenates of acatalasemic cultured skin fibroblasts also reacted with anticatalase rabbit serum and had an isoelectric point identical with that of normal catalase. Subunit sizes of normal and acatalasemic catalases in the C fractions of erythrocytes were also found to be identical on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, followed by electroblotting and immunoenzymatic amplification. The results indicated no substantial difference in molecular size and charge of catalase proteins between normal and acatalasemic erythrocytes and fibroblasts.
Acatalasia↗
Capacities of a newly established thymic stromal cell clone to express Ia antigens and to produce interleukin-6, colony-stimulating factor, and thymic stroma-derived T-cell growth factor.
Thymic stromal cell lines, termed MRL104 and MRL28, have been isolated from long-term liquid cultures of thymic stromal cells from MRL/l mice. The capacities of these parental lines and derived clones to express Ia antigens and to produce cytokines involved in T-cell proliferation and/or differentiation were investigated. Parental lines and their clones did not exhibit a typical fibroblastic, macrophage-like, or epithelial appearance in electron as well as phase-contrast micrographs. These thymic stromal cells seemed to differ from established fibroblast lines in that these thymic stromal cells expressed Ia antigens after exposure to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas fibroblast lines did not. They also appeared to differ from macrophage cell lines in that they lacked the expression of Mac-1 antigens on their cell surface and produced no detectable level of interleukin-1 (IL1) before or even after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. When these parental lines and its clones were tested for their ability to produce various types of cytokines, it was revealed that they were capable of producing colony-stimulating factor (CSF), IL6, and thymic stroma-derived T cell growth factor (TSTGF), which was recently described, but were unable to generate other lymphokines and IFNs. Thus these cell lines and clones represent unique features in that they have potentials to express Ia antigens and to produce CSF, IL6, and TSTGF. The biological significance for the expression of these features is discussed in the context of intrathymic T-cell maturation and T-cell repertoire selection.
Animals↗
Detection of mutagenicity in mussels and their ambient water.
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Animals↗
Serological and pathogenic characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from tonsils of slaughter pigs in Indonesia.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from tonsils of 245 (35.7%) of 687 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in Indonesia during the period of June 1987 to February 1988. A total of 150 of the 245 E. rhusiopathiae isolated could be serotyped within the 22 recognized serotypes. Serotype 2 was most prevalent with 23.7%, followed by Serotypes 11, 12, 1a, 5 and 6 representing 7.3, 5.3, 4.9, 4.9 and 4.1% of the isolates, respectively. The nine other serotypes (Serotypes 1b, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 13, 19 and 22) combined to make up 11.0% of the isolates. Antibiotic-resistant strains were not found. Of 86 selected isolates belonging to various serotypes, 76 (88.4%) were highly virulent for mice (LD50 less than 10(3.0) colony-forming units). In swine, 40 (51.2%) of 78 isolates induced local or generalized urticarial lesions after intradermal inoculation, and the remaining 38 isolates induced no clinical signs. Of 76 isolates used for challenge in the cross-protection study, 29 (38.2%) killed greater than 40% of mice immunized with an erysipelas bacterin marketed in Indonesia. A tendency to be refractory to the bacterin-induced immunity was observed in some isolates of various serotypes, but this characteristic was not consistent.
Animals↗
Effect of chlordane on hepatic mitochondrial respiration.
In order to clarify the cytotoxicity of chlordane, an industrial product used as an insecticide, its effect on oxidative phosphorylation in rat hepatic mitochondria was studied. The respiration rate, RCI and ADP/O ratios were inhibited by chlordane-related compounds; the degree of inhibition was in the descending order of trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, heptachlor and heptachlorepoxide. Of the indices indicating various respiratory activities, state 3 respiration was the most sensitively inhibited by these compounds, suggesting that they inhibit energy transfer. However, electron transport was inhibited also by high concentrations of chlordane constituents. The inhibitory effect of the chlordane constituents on respiratory activity varied depending on the species of respiratory substrate, suggesting site-specificity of these compounds. The release of K+ ions paralleled the results of the respiratory activity study. Heptachlorepoxide, a metabolic product of heptachlor, had less effect on mitochondria than heptachlor.
Animals↗
Model for clonal elimination in the thymus.
A thymic stromal cell clone, MRL104.8a, expresses class I as well as class II H-2k antigens after exposure to gamma-interferon. This clone also produces thymic stroma-derived T-cell growth factor (TSTGF), which is distinct from other known interleukins and is capable of promoting the growth of various antigen-specific helper T cell (Th) clones without requiring a specific antigen or interleukin 2. When the keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific, I-Ek-restricted Th clone 9-16 was cultured on an Ia (I-Ak and I-Ek)-expressing MRL104.8a monolayer, potent proliferation of the 9-16 cells was induced by TSTGF produced by the monolayer. In contrast, the addition of KLH resulted in lethal growth inhibition of Th clone 9-16 cells. Another Th clone that is KLH-specific but I-Ab-restricted was capable of proliferating on the Iak-expressing MRL104.8a monolayer whether or not KLH was present. More importantly, death of Th clone 9-16 cells cultured on a MRL104.8a monolayer in the presence of KLH was almost completely prevented by the addition of anti-I-Ek or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies, which are capable of blocking antigen recognition by the T-cell receptor. However, when Th clone 9-16 cells were cultured in the presence of KLH but on a monolayer of MRL28.8a cells, another thymic stromal clone that expresses a comparable amount of I-Ek antigen but produces a marginal amount of TSTGF, cells did not die; a lethal effect was induced by adding TSTGF. These results indicate that the TSTGF-producing and Ia-expressing thymic stromal cells induce the continuous proliferation or selective elimination of each T-cell clone, depending on whether the T-cell receptor is stimulated by the relevant antigen associated with Ia molecules expressed on the stromal cell surface.
Animals↗
Cytotoxic activity of a recombinant fusion protein between interleukin 4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin.
A recombinant chimeric toxin in which the cell binding domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) was replaced by murine interleukin 4 (IL-4) was produced in Escherichia coli. This chimeric protein, IL-4-PE40, was cytotoxic to murine IL-4 receptor-bearing cell lines but had little effect on human cell lines lacking receptors capable of binding murine IL-4. A mutant form of IL-4-PE40 (termed IL-4-PE40 asp553) with very low ADP-ribosylating activity displayed mitogenic activity similar to that of IL-4 rather than cytotoxic activity. Because the cytotoxic effects of IL-4-PE40 were blocked by excess IL-4 or by neutralizing antibody to IL-4 (11B11), we conclude that the cytotoxic effect of IL-4-PE40 is specifically mediated through IL-4 receptors. IL-4-PE40 could be a useful reagent for specific elimination of cells bearing IL-4 receptors.
ADP Ribose Transferases↗
Cardiac allograft survival in mice treated with IL-2-PE40.
IL-2-PE40 is a chimeric protein composed of human interleukin 2 (IL-2) genetically fused to the amino terminus of a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin lacking its cell recognition domain. IL-2-PE40, which is extremely cytotoxic to IL-2 receptor-positive cells, was examined for its ability to prevent graft rejection in mice in which activation of T cells is prominent. We demonstrate that intraperitoneally administered IL-2-PE40 specifically and significantly prolongs the survival of vascularized heart allografts in mice. The chimeric toxin, IL-2-PE40, offers an alternative approach to the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection in humans.
ADP Ribose Transferases↗
Sudden death in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy.
The long-term prognosis for 314 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 82 with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was investigated in an attempt to elucidate clinical variables predicting sudden death (SD). In the patients with HCM, 68% of cardiac deaths occurred suddenly and unexpectedly. Variables associated with an increased risk to SD were young age (less than 30 years), reduced fractional shortening (less than 35%) and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (greater than or equal to 20 mmHg). Eight of the 10 patients who died suddenly during or immediately after strenuous exercise were less than 30 years old, and the collapse tended to be associated with exercise-induced ST-depression. In contrast, SD occurring during mild activities, resting or sleep was mainly observed in those aged 30 years or more. Ventricular tachycardia was observed on electrocardiographic monitoring in 24% of those 30 years or more, while it was rare in those under 30 years (5%). On the other hand, no SD was found in patients with apical hypertrophy nor in those 50 years or more. These observations suggest that HCM patients at a young age, with impaired left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, have an increased risk to SD. Since exercise-induced myocardial ischemia rather than ventricular arrhythmias appears to be the more likely mechanism for SD for those under 30 years old, restriction of strenuous exercise should be strongly advised for these patients. For those aged from 30 to 50 years, ventricular tachycardia should be controlled by antiarrhythmic agents for the prevention of SD. In patients with DCM, 24% of all cardiac deaths were attributed to SD. Although no variables reliably predicted SD, it was of note that only one patient out of 26 with SV1 + RV5 greater than or equal to 35 mm died suddenly. Whereas ventricular arrhythmias are known to be a contributing cause for SD, the prognostic significance of ventricular tachycardia on electrocardiographic monitoring in predicting SD has not yet been established. In addition, antiarrhythmic agents often precipitate hemodynamic deterioration. It therefore appears that use of antiarrhythmic agents is not a therapy of first choice and that primary treatment should be focused upon improvement in ventricular function in order to prevent SD in patients with DCM.
Adult↗
Prevalence of Pneumocystis carinii in slaughtered pigs.
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Animals↗
[A portable sampler for oil mist in machine workshops].
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Environmental Exposure↗
Change in P wave height during progressive exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
We examined changes in P wave height in lead II of electrocardiogram during progressive exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and obtained the slope (delta P/delta VO2, %/ml/min) of the regression line calculated from the relationship between percent change of P wave height and oxygen consumption (VO2). Four COPD patients, who had a decrease over 5 mmHg in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at maximal exercise (group A), had significantly greater slope (0.45 +/- 0.14%/ml/min, mean +/- S.E.) than in five COPD patients (group B, 0.14 +/- 0.05), who did not have a decrease over 5 mmHg in PaO2 at maximal exercise. The increase in P wave height during exercise was inhibited by oxygen inhalation at the given VO2 in group A. These findings suggest that increase in P wave height during exercise in COPD patients may be correlated with hypoxemia during exercise.
Adult↗