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Biomedical subjects

M Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to M Ogata.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Syphilitic coronary ostial obstruction and aortic regurgitation associated with advanced gastric cancer: successful 2-stage surgery].

We report a case of syphilitic coronary ostial obstruction and aortic regurgitation associated with advanced gastric cancer for which subtotal curative gastrectomy and AVR with CABG was successfully performed in a two-stage operation. A 65-year-old male was admitted complaining of tarry stool and angina. A serological test for syphilis was strongly positive and angiography demonstrated a left coronary ostial obstruction accompanied by moderate aortic regurgitation. An endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed a Borrmann type II advanced gastric cancer with active bleeding. In the first stage, a subtotal gastrectomy with wide margin was performed, under hemodynamic monitoring because of the active tumoral bleeding. After the second-stage AVR, the postoperative course was uneventful.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). I. Susceptibility distribution].

Isolation frequencies and sensitivities to antibacterial and antibiotic agents were investigated on 801 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 9 hospitals during the period of June to November 1988. Of the above total bacterial population, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.3% and a majority of them were Enterococcus spp. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.7% and most of them were Escherichia coli. 1. Enterococcus faecalis: Vancomycin was most active with its MIC90 < or = 0.78 microgram/ml. Ampicillin, piperacillin, ofloxacin (OFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and imipenem (IPM) were also active. 2. Staphylococcus aureus: Arbekacin and minocycline were most active with their MIC90s 0.39 microgram/ml and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively. Among penicillins, dicloxacillin was the most active. Activities of cephems were considerably lower. 3. E. coli: Most of the agents were tested active. Particularly the second and third generation cephems were active in a range of < or = 0.10-0.20 microgram/ml. Carumonam (CRMN), IPM, OFLX and CPFX were also active with MIC90s < or = 0.10 microgram/ml. 4. Klebsiella pneumoniae CRMN and IPM were highly active. Penicillins generally showed lower activities. Cephems and new quinolones had high activities with their MIC90s in a range of 0.39-0.78 microgram/ml. 5. Proteus mirabilis: The third generation cephems were active with their MIC90s in a range of < or = 0.10-0.20 microgram/ml. CRMN, OFLX and CPFX were also active with their MIC90s < or = 0.10 microgram/ml, 0.39 microgram/ml and 0.20 microgram/ml, respectively. 6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: IPM and tobramycin were active with their MIC90s 1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.13 micrograms/ml, respectively. CRMN and new quinolones showed MIC80s of 25-100 micrograms/ml. Most of penicillins and cephems were not active. 7. Other Gram-negative rods: Against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens, IPM, CPFX and OFLX were active. Penicillins and cephems were not so active. CRMN was active against S. marcescens with its MIC80 at 6.25 micrograms/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). II. Background of patients].

Clinical background was investigated on 916 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during the period from June to November, 1988. 1. Distribution of sexes, ages and infections: Among males, fifties and older were most frequent and most of them had complicated UTIs. Among females, most cases among twenties or thirties were uncomplicated UTIs. Forties and older cases were most frequent and complicated UTIs were more frequent among them than among patients in twenties and thirties. 2. Distribution of sexes, ages and pathogens isolated from UTIs: In males, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were frequently isolated. In contrast, in females, Escherichia coli was the most frequent. In thirties, E. coli was not the most frequently isolated bacterium. Frequency of Pseudomonas spp., other non-fermented Gram-negative rods and Enterococcus spp. were greater among patients with higher ages. 3. Administration of antibiotics and pathogens isolated from UTIs: (1) Before administration: In uncomplicated UTIs, E. coli accounted for the majority of causative organisms. In complicated UTIs, particularly in those cases with indwelling catheter, Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were rather frequently isolated. (2) After administration: In complicated UTIs, higher number of pathogens were isolated. Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the most frequent. Distribution of pathogens isolated from complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter was similar to that before antibiotic administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1988). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

Sensitivities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 9 hospitals during June to November 1988 were compared with those in the same period of previous year according to a classification, uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs without indwelling catheter, and complicated UTIs with indwelling catheter. No remarkable changes were found in sensitivities of E. coli, Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp. and S. marcescens. The sensitivity of Klebsiella spp. to cephems decreased in complicated UTI without indwelling catheter and increased in complicated UTI with indwelling catheter. The sensitivity of Enterobacter spp. to third generation cephems decreased in complicated UTI with indwelling catheter. Sensitivities of P. aeruginosa to aspoxicillin and cefsulodin increased. The number of resistant strains to new quinolones increased slightly.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Hypolactasia in Japanese Crohn's patients].

20 g lactose load test, BHT and LTT done simultaneously were examined in 32 Crohn's disease patients and 51 healthy volunteers. Hypolactasia frequency were examined. A rise in hydrogen concentration > 20 parts per million (ppm) above the base line during breath hydrogen test and maximum blood sugar rise during lactose tolerance test were considered to indicated Hypolactasia. High rates, 50% by BHT and 72.5% by LTT, of primary adult hypolactasia were found in healthy volunteers as previously reported. Higher rates, 83.3% by BHT and by LTT (p < 0.05), were observed in Crohn's disease patients. There were higher rates in small intestine type Crohn's disease (91.6% by BHT, 92.3% by LTT) compare with healthy volunteers but no difference were found with large intestine type Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Plasma levels of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide, renin activity and angiotensin II in partial hepatectomy].

Plasma levels of alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP), renin activity and angiotensin II were studied in 17 patients undergoing partial hepatectomy. Central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the serum sodium concentration (Na), which affect plasma ANP levels, were measured during the operation. At 90 minutes after the surgical incision, plasma alpha-hANP levels increased significantly from 38.6 +/- 4.02 pg.ml-1 to 62.7 +/- 8.24 pg.ml-1, but the changes in plasma alpha-hANP levels during the surgery were within normal levels. Plasma alpha-hANP levels were not related to changes in CVP, HR and Na. At 90 minutes after the incision when plasma alpha-hANP levels were elevated, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II and MAP also increased significantly. Therefore, we believe that activation of the sympathetic nervous system by surgical stimulation is one of the causes of the elevation of alpha-hANP levels during the operation. The increase in plasma alpha-hANP levels, however, was lower than those of the plasma renin activity and angiotensin II. Our results suggest that surgical stimulation acts to retain sodium and water in patients during partial hepatectomy.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mRNA and production of LIF by a cloned murine thymic stromal cell line.

We have found that normal mouse thymus expressed mRNA for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), suggesting the presence of cell component(s) in the thymus that produces this cytokine. High levels of mRNA for LIF were observed to be constitutively expressed in the murine thymic stromal cell clone, MRL104.8a. This stromal cell clone produced potent magnitudes of LIF activity in its culture supernatant. These observations imply that LIF may also exert its growth/differentiation-regulating effect in the thymus. Thus, this thymic stromal cell clone provides a tool for investigating potential roles of LIF in the intrathymic T cell development.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of death due to neurogenic shock].

An autopsy case of death due probably to neurogenic shock (primary shock) is reported. A 14-year-old boy got into a fight with his elder brother and received blows against the chest and abdomen. The young boy fell down senseless on the floor and had a spasm. An ambulance was called, but he was dead on arrival at a hospital. An autopsy revealed no external injuries on the chest and abdomen. There was no evidence of preexisting disease. On histological examination, there were signs of acute cardiac failure; edema of the lungs, liver and gall bladder, partial myofibrillar degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuoles in the media of a small coronary artery. Thus, the autopsy did not give any explanation of the fatality. It seems probable, however, that the blow(s) against the abdomen (the solar plexus) caused a fatal shock (vagal inhibition). In addition, the adrenal cortices (especially the zona fasciculata) were narrowed and the aorta was slightly narrow in caliber. It is likely that these hypoplasia might affect the fatal shock consequent to very slight injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Role of a thymic stromal cell clone in inducing the stage-specific differentiation of various subpopulations of double negative thymocytes.

The monolayer of a thymic stromal cell clone termed MRL104.8a induced the differentiation of adult double negative (DN) thymocytes (CD3-4-8-) through a CD3-4-8+ intermediate into CD3- (or dull) 4+8+ stages. DN thymocytes were separated into three subpopulations depending on their cell-surface expression of Pgp-1 and IL-2R, namely, Pgp-1+IL-2R-, Pgp-1-IL-2R+, and Pgp-1-IL-2R-. The present study investigated the requirements of the MRL104.8a monolayer for inducing the differentiation of these DN thymocyte subpopulations. The following were revealed: i) the MRL104.8a monolayer failed to induce the differentiation of a Pgp-1+IL-2R- subpopulation; ii) whereas a Pgp-1-IL-2R+ subpopulation did not express either CD4 or CD8 Ag when cultured in medium, culturing this subpopulation on the thymic stromal cell monolayers resulted in the expression of CD8 but not CD4 Ag; and iii) a Pgp-1-IL-2R- DN subpopulation obtained through less extensive treatments with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies in the presence of C before sorting procedures spontaneously differentiated into double positive cells in medium. In contrast, most of DN cells with the same phenotype obtained through extensive anti-CD4 and -CD8 treatments before sorting failed to express CD4 and/or CD8 Ag in medium but could differentiate through a CD3-4-8+ into more mature stages only when they were cultured on the thymic stromal monolayer. These results indicate differential requirements of thymic stromal cells for the differentiation of various DN subpopulations with qualitatively distinct phenotypes and different magnitudes (very low vs almost zero levels) of CD4/CD8 expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Analysis of sequences in domain II of Pseudomonas exotoxin A which mediate translocation.

Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) contains 613 amino acids that are arranged into 3 structural domains. PE exerts its cell-killing effects in a series of steps initiated by binding to the cell surface and internalization into endocytic vesicles. The toxin is then cleaved within domain II near arginine-279, generating a C-terminal 37-kDa fragment that is translocated into the cytosol where it ADP-ribosylates elongation factor 2 and arrests protein synthesis. In this study, we have focused on the functions of PE which are encoded by domain II. We have used the chimeric toxin TGF alpha-PE40 to deliver the toxin's ADP-ribosylating activity to the cell cytosol. Deletion analysis revealed that sequences from 253 to 345 were essential for toxicity but sequences from 346 to 364 were dispensable. Additional point mutants were constructed which identified amino acids 339 and 343 as important residues while amino acids 344 and 345 could be altered without loss of cytotoxic activity. Our data support the idea that domain II functions by first allowing PE to be processed to a 37-kDa fragment and then key sequences such as those identified in this study mediate the translocation of ADP-ribosylation activity to the cytosol.

ADP Ribose Transferases↗
PubMed1991

Adhesion of immature thymocytes to thymic stromal cells through fibronectin molecules and its significance for the induction of thymocyte differentiation.

Only 10-15% of unseparated thymocytes adhered to culture plates precoated with fibronectin (FN), but 60-70% of the CD4-8- (double-negative) thymocyte population did. This population bound to FN but not to collagen, laminin, or vitronectin. Its binding to FN was inhibited by anti-FN antibody or a mixture of synthetic peptides corresponding to two different sites of FN, termed the V10 sequence and the RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) sequence, which interact, respectively, with the VLA-4 and VLA-5 FN receptors expressed on T-lineage cells. CD4-8- thymocytes also adhered to a monolayer of a thymic stromal cell clone, MRL104.8a, that induces growth-maintenance and differentiation of such thymocytes. The involvement of FN-FN receptor interaction in this adhesion was demonstrated by the following lines of evidence: (i) the MRL104.8a cells expressed FN molecules on their surface and (ii) the adhesion of CD4-8- thymocytes to MRL104.8a monolayers was almost completely inhibited by simultaneous addition of anti-FN antibody and a mixture of peptides (V10 plus RGDS) capable of binding to anti-FN receptors (VLA-4 and -5). Most important, blocking the adhesion of CD4-8- thymocytes to the thymic stromal cell monolayer resulted in potent inhibition of the differentiation of these thymocytes, which was otherwise induced toward the expression of CD4 and/or CD8 molecules. These results indicate that immature CD4-8- thymocytes adhere to thymic stromal cells preferentially through FN-FN receptor interaction and that such adhesion has a critical role in inducing and/or supporting the differentiation of these thymocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Expression of high-affinity interleukin 4 receptors on murine sarcoma cells and receptor-mediated cytotoxicity of tumor cells to chimeric protein between interleukin 4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin.

The presence of interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R) on methylcholanthrene (MCA-106, MCA-102, and MC-38)- and viral DNA (G-2TS and 14-2TS)-induced murine sarcoma cells was demonstrated. MCA-106 tumor cells express about 500 to 1348 (median, 800) interleukin 4 (IL-4) binding sites/cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 115 +/- 26 pM (mean +/- SD, n = 4). By Northern blot analysis, tumor cells exhibited a single mRNA species of 3.9 kilobases. Other murine sarcoma (MCA-102), colon adenocarcinoma (MC-38), G-2TS, and 14-2TS tumor cells express low numbers of IL-4R. By immunoperoxidase staining, 81 to 92% of the cells from fresh MCA-106 tumors were positive for IL-4 receptors, while only 7 to 10% of tumor-infiltrating cells were Thy 1.2 and less than 1% Mac-1 positive. Using a chimeric protein composed of IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-4-PE40), we observed that IL-4-PE40 was cytotoxic (determined by inhibition of protein synthesis by [3H]leucine uptake) to MCA-106 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. A nonchimeric protein (PE40) that cannot bind to the IL-4R did not inhibit protein synthesis in tumor cells. A chimeric mutant protein (IL4-PE40 asp553) that can bind to IL-4 receptors but does not have the capability to inhibit protein synthesis was not cytotoxic to tumor cells. These studies strongly suggest that IL-4R on murine MCA-106 sarcoma cells is internalized when occupied by IL-4 PE40. Furthermore, a neutralizing antibody (11B11) to IL-4 completely abolished the protein synthesis-inhibitory activity of IL-4-PE40. G-2TS tumor cells which expressed low numbers of IL-4 receptors were not vulnerable to cytotoxicity by IL-4-PE40. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-4 receptor may be a target for IL-4-toxin therapy.

Animals↗