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Biomedical subjects

M Ogata

Publications and source records attributed to M Ogata.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

cDNA cloning of a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase with homology to cytoskeletal protein 4.1 and its expression in T-lineage cells.

Reversible tyrosine phosphorylation plays important regulatory roles in various cellular events including the differentiation and function of lymphocytes. Here we report the cDNA cloning of a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP36, which is expressed in murine thymus. PTP36 was a new member of a tyrosine phosphatase subfamily defined by MEG-01 and PTPH1, which had a C-terminal phosphatase domain as well as an N-terminal domain with homology to cytoskeletal-associated proteins like band 4.1, ezrin, and talin. In addition, we found a putative SH3-binding motif in PTP36 but not in MEG-01 or PTPH1. PTP36 was expressed in cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origins. In thymocytes subpopulations, PTP36 was preferentially expressed in double positive stage cells. The change of PTP36 expression level along with T cell maturation suggests its involvement in the regulation of T cell development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Abdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of strangulation in small bowel obstruction.

The efficacy of abdominal ultrasonography for the recognition of strangulation was evaluated prospectively in 231 patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction. The diagnosis based on ultrasonographic criteria was accurate in 35 of 39 patients with strangulation and in 176 of 192 with simple obstruction. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of strangulation in 13 of 15 patients with strangulation who were clinically diagnosed as having simple obstruction, and ruled it out in 28 of 36 with simple obstruction who were clinically suspected to have strangulation. An akinetic dilated loop observed on real-time ultrasonography proved to have high sensitivity (90 per cent) and specificity (93 per cent) for the recognition of strangulation; however, its positive predictive value for strangulation was only 73 per cent. The presence of peritoneal fluid was sensitive for strangulation. Compared with clinical judgment based on conventional parameters, abdominal ultrasonography proved to be useful for the early recognition of strangulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistological investigations of autopsied carotid bodies and their application to diagnosing strangulation.

Using immunohistochemical staining, the histological changes and the presence of neuropeptides (enkephalin and VIP) in the carotid body have been investigated in medico-legal autopsy cases, especially asphyxia cases. Only in cases of manual and/or ligature strangulation cases that sustained a force near the carotid body, were the chief cells mainly lightly stained, indicating that they had been "active" cells. Furthermore, these cells and their nuclei were enlarged in comparison to the chief carotid body cells in other autopsy groups. It was thus felt that these changes had resulted from the force that had directly affected the carotid body. Based on these findings, it was concluded that immunohistochemical investigation of the carotid body offers a useful possibility for diagnosing manual asphyxia, especially in autopsy cases involving strangulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Abdominal sonography for the diagnosis of large bowel obstruction.

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of abdominal sonography in the diagnosis of large bowel obstruction, the sonographic findings of 39 patients with a large bowel obstruction, in the form of a simple obstruction in 36 patients and a sigmoid volvulus in 3, were reviewed in comparison with their plain X-ray findings. Abdominal sonography showed a large bowel obstruction in 33 patients, and an obstructing lesion in 14 of these patients. However, in the other 6 patients, including the 3 with a sigmoid volvulus, the image was disturbed by extensive colonic gas. Although the plain abdominal X-ray films showed no gaseous colonic dilatation, isolated small bowel dilatation was seen in six patients with a large bowel obstruction proximal to the splenic flexure. In five of these six patients, abdominal sonography revealed a dilated colon filled with fluid and feculent contents which was difficult to evaluate on the plain X-ray films. Consequently, abdominal sonography was proven to be useful, especially for detecting X-ray-negative colonic dilatation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case of cystic lymphangioma of the pancreas.

We report a case of a 58-year-old man presenting with a mild attack of upper abdominal pain and who was found to have a swollen pancreatic body and tail. Pathological study of the resected mass revealed cystic lymphangioma. Only 30 cases of lymphangioma of the pancreas, including our case, have been reported to date. Here we present this case in detail and discuss the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

Ketamine suppresses endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production in mice.

BACKGROUND: The cytokines play important roles in the pathophysiologic alterations associated with sepsis, but there are no reports about the effect of anesthetics on their production. Therefore, the authors examined the effect of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and calcium ionophore A23187-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in thioglycolate (TGC)-elicited peritoneal macrophages (MPs) in ddY mice. METHODS: Ketamine was added to TGC-elicited MPs at various times after the stimulation with LPS or A23187. After the MPs were stimulated by LPS or A23187 and incubated, TNF-alpha activities in the supernatant of MPs were determined by an L929 cytotoxic assay. In vivo, the ddY mice were injected intraperitoneally with TGC. Four days later, they were injected subcutaneously with ketamine and then injected intravenously with LPS. Two hours after the LPS challenge, TNF-alpha activities of the sera were determined. RESULTS: Ketamine suppressed both LPS-induced and A23187-induced TNF-alpha production in a dose-dependent manner. The simultaneous addition of ketamine to LPS-stimulated and A23187-stimulated MPs resulted in a 50% inhibition of TNF-alpha production at 20 micrograms/ml and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Ketamine also caused a significant suppression of TNF-alpha production even when added to the MPs 2 h after the LPS challenge. There was a significant decrease in A23187-induced TNF-alpha production in TGC-elicited MPs in a calcium-depleted medium when compared with that in a calcium-containing medium. Conversely, LPS-induced TNF-alpha production did not cause such a result. In addition, ketamine could suppress LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in TGC-pretreated mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Ketamine suppresses LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in both TGC-elicited MPs and TGC-pretreated mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effect of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor activity in thioglycolate-treated mice.

To investigate the effect of peripheral and central benzodiazepine receptor ligands on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity in mouse macrophages, three types of ligands, 4'-chlorodiazepam (pure peripheral), midazolam (mixed), and clonazepam (pure central), were compared. Midazolam and 4'-chlorodiazepam significantly suppressed LPS (1-microgram/ml)-induced TNF activity in thioglycolate-elicited mouse macrophages. In every concentration examined (0.001 to 100 microM), 4'-chlorodiazepam was the most effective agent, clonazepam was the least effective agent, and midazolam had an effect intermediate between those of the other two ligands. The peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands had a dose-dependent suppressive effect, and the 50% inhibitory concentrations were 0.01 microM for 4'-chlorodiazepam and 5 microM for midazolam. Concomitant use of PK 11195 (10 microM), an antagonist of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, reversed this suppressive effect with 4'-chlorodiazepam (10 microM) or midazolam (10 microM). PK 11195 showed this antagonistic effect in a dose-dependent manner. Intravenous 4'-chlorodiazepam (5 mg/kg of body weight) significantly suppressed LPS (100-micrograms)-induced TNF activity of sera (2 h postchallenge with LPS) from thioglycolate-treated mice. The present findings suggest that the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor plays an important role in modulating LPS-induced TNF activity in mouse macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Ketamine suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity and mortality in carrageenan-sensitized endotoxin shock model.

We have reported that an intravenous anesthetic, ketamine, has a potent suppressive effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production in vitro [Takenaka et al., Anesthesiology 80:402-408, 1994]. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the overall effects of ketamine on hemodynamics, serum TNF-alpha level, arterial blood gases (ABGs), blood glucose level, liver function, and lethality in carrageenan (CAR)-sensitized endotoxemic models. All animals were pretreated intraperitoneally with CAR (150 mg/kg) 16 hr before LPS stimulation. The control rats were injected LPS with 0.5 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.). The ketamine-treated rats were injected with 100 mg/kg of ketamine intramuscularly 30 min before LPS (0.5 mg/kg) i.v. injection, followed by an i.v. infusion at 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg/hr. Serum TNF-alpha, ABGs, blood glucose, and hematological studies were determined at 0, 2, and 6 hr after the LPS challenge. Serum hepatocellular enzyme levels were measured at 6 hr after the injection. In CAR-sensitized rats, serum TNF-alpha activity remarkably increased in accordance with the mild decrease of mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 2 hr after LPS stimulation. In addition, severe metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia as well as severe hepatic injury were induced at 6 hr after the LPS challenge. By contrast, ketamine treatment significantly attenuated the decrease in MAP and LPS-induced TNF-alpha activity. Ketamine also significantly improved arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), metabolic acidosis and hypoglycemia, and attenuated endotoxin-induced hepatic injury in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, ketamine treatment significantly improved LPS-induced lethality in CAR-sensitized mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acidosis↗
PubMed1994

Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with pregnancy in a patient with chronic thyroiditis.

A case of Henoch-Schönlein purpura with chronic thyroiditis associated with pregnancy is reported. A 27-year-old woman had a struma since age 14. She felt easily fatigable along with enlargement of the struma after the delivery of her first child, and was diagnosed as having chronic thyroiditis. She developed hematuria between the first delivery and the second pregnancy. The hematuria continued during the second pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Immediately after the delivery of her second child, she developed purpura followed by arthralgia and melena. Renal biopsy revealed focal segmental and global type Henoch-Schönlein nephritis. We reviewed five cases of Henoch-Schönlein purpura associated with pregnancy and found that our case is the first in which purpura developed immediately after delivery. Our patient would have developed Henoch-Schönlein nephritis between the first delivery and the second pregnancy. She developed Henoch-Schönlein purpura possibly due to rebound activation of immune response in the postpartum period after the disappearance of dramatic suppression of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in the pregnant period.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Method of DNA extraction and mecA, femA and PBP2' in multi-drug resistant bacterial strains].

Recently, it has become more important to establish rapid and reliable methods for identifying bacterial species and their drug resistances because of the high incidence of nosocomial infection caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. At first, several enzymes were tested to evaluate the efficacy of DNA extraction. N-acetylmuramidase, lysozyme and achromopeptidase were most effective to extract DNA from E. faecalis, E. faecium and S. aureus, respectively. After achromopeptidase extraction, the mecA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinically isolated MRSA (95 strains), MSSA (66), MRSE (methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, 37), MSSE (methicillin-sensitive S. epidermidis, 1), S haemolyticus(5), S.hominis(1) and others (Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus, total 45). PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The positive rates were 95% (MRSA), 1.5% (MSSA), and 97% (MRSE). The mecA gene was also positive in 2/2 of methicillin-resistant S.haemolyticus and 2/3 of methicillin-sensitive S.haemolyticus and 1/1 of methicillin-resistant S.hominis. The mecA gene was not detected in 45 non-Staphylococcal strains. MecA and femA gene by PCR and PBP 2' by IRMA were further detected in newly isolated MRSA (20 strains), MSSA(20), MRSE(14), MSSE(1) and S.simulans(2). Complete correlation between MPIPC susceptibility and mecA were found. The femA gene was positive in 39/40 of S. aureus, and 0/14 of S.epidermidis, 2/3 of S.simulans. PBP2' were positive in 20/20 of MRSA, 0/20 of MSSA, 14/14 of MRSE, 0/1 of MSSE, 1/1 of methicillin-resistant S.simulans, and 0/2 of methicillin-sensitive S.simulans. In conclusion, diagnoses of MRSA by simultaneous detection of mecA and femA gene as well as PBP2' are similarly useful because of their specificity and rapidity.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Aromatic and branched-chain amino acid levels in alcoholics.

Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were determined in 292 alcoholics. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms was compared with the ratio in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with transient hallucinations or with delirium tremens was significantly lower than that in patients without these symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio tended to be lower in patients with alcohol withdrawal seizures than in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio had a negative correlation with plasma total bilirubin and LDH, and a positive correlation with plasma cholinesterase and albumin. These results indicate that abnormalities of amino acid metabolism caused by liver damage in alcohol dependence may have an important role in the pathogenesis of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New degradation product of spiradoline mesylate in aqueous solution: formation of an imidazolidine ring.

A new degradation product of spiradoline mesylate was recognized in aqueous solution stored at 80 degrees C for 10 days. The structure of the degradation product was elucidated with spectroscopic data and a synthetic method as (1RS,3RS,8RS,10RS)-2-methyl-2,7-diazatricyclo - [6.4.0.0(3,7)]dodecane-10-spiro-2'-tetrahydrofurane by several two-dimensional NMR spectra. The fused imidazolidine ring system was synthesized from (5RS,7RS,8RS)-N-methyl-8-(7-pyrrolidino-1-oxa spiro-[4.5] decane)amine reacted with mercuric acetate. Because the degradation was promoted by bubbling air or oxygen gas into the solution or by adding alpha,alpha'-azobisisobutylonitrile for radical initiation, and the reaction was suppressed by bubbling nitrogen gas or deaerating, the reaction mechanism of the degradation was considered to be oxidation caused by an oxygen radical.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

High-level expression of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in serum-free medium by CHO-K1 cells.

Cultivation of gene-engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells that produce recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rsTM) was investigated to optimize conditions for high-level expression of the protein in a serum-free medium. For economic protein production, oxygenation of cultures with pure O2 permitted sufficient cell growth for high rsTM production with only 1 g/l of microcarriers and a low foetal bovine serum concentration. A longer growth phase (over 5 days) with serum was important to establish sufficient growth of this cell line on the microcarriers for subsequent serum-free culture, and to support a long-term production phase (about 2 months). In the production phase, a high glucose concentration (6.15 g/l) in the serum-free medium was very effective for prolonging the harvest cycle interval. Under these conditions, up to 100 mg/l rsTM was expressed in the conditioned medium. The rates of glucose consumption (G) and lactate production (L) were measured periodically and their ratio (L/G ratio) correlated with rsTM productivity. When the average L/G ratio was lower, reflecting a lower lactate production rate due to appropriate oxygenation of the culture, the specific rsTM production rate increased. Thus it may be possible to estimate protein productivity from L/G ratios calculated from the glucose and lactate measurements.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Japanese experience in biological monitoring.

In Japan, industrial health control is accomplished by control of the working environment, work practice management and health care. Periodical biomonitoring of workers exposed to lead and 8 popular organic solvents, including mixed solvents, became mandatory as of October 1, 1989, with an ordinance issued by the Ministry of Labor. This ordinance states that the results of measurements of lead and the 8 solvents in each work place must be classified into 3 categories, named distributions 1, 2 and 3 based on the biological level of the determinant, and then must be reported to the Labor Standards Inspection Office. Distribution 3 encompasses workers having concentration levels above the BEIs of ACGIH except for the concentration of lead in the blood. The National Federation of Industrial Health Organizations surveyed the state of biological monitoring in Japan by a questionnaire to the laboratories. The total number of cases examined in the fiscal year 1990 was about 110,000 for the biomonitoring of lead, and about 520,000 for the monitoring of urinary metabolites of the 8 organic solvents. The ratio of the number of workers in distribution 3 to that of the total workers examined was 0.4% for urinary delta aminolevulinic acid and 0.2-3.5% for the urinary metabolites of each organic solvent. Similar results were obtained from 7 major laboratories. To achieve large-scale biological monitoring in future, a method is necessary for evaluating the exposure or health risks of workers exposed to mixed organic solvents by estimating their urinary metabolites.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Carcinosarcoma of the esophagus: a report of two cases.

Among 137 cases of esophageal neoplasms surgically treated at Kobe City General Hospital from 1983 to 1990, there were two patients with a huge polypoid lesion identified as carcinosarcoma by light microscopic examination, both of whom underwent radical resection and esophagogastrostomy. Microscopic examination of the resected specimens revealed the tumors to be composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Additional immunohistochemical examination disclosed keratin-positive cells in the carcinomatous element and vimentin-positive cells in the sarcomatous element. In case 1, keratin-positive cells were also found in the sarcomatous element, which suggested that the sarcomatous cells were derived from epithelial cells. Despite the huge size of the tumors, the depth of invasion to the esophageal wall was limited to the mucosal layer in case 1 and the submucosal layer in case 2, and there has been no evidence of recurrence in either case since surgery.

Aged↗