Biomedical subjects

M Oda

Publications and source records attributed to M Oda.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Inhibitor peptide SNP-1 binds to a soluble form of BST-1/CD157 at a 2:2 stoichiometry.

Recently we have identified a 15-mer peptide, SNP-1, by a random phage library that can bind to bone marrow stromal cell antigen-1 (BST-1)/CD157 [Sato, A., Yamamoto, S., Ishihara, K., Hirano, T. & Jingami, H. (1999) Biochem. J. 337, 491-496]. SNP-1 inhibits BST-1 ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity uncompetitively with a Ki value of 180 +/- 40 nM. In this study we analysed biophysically the SNP-1 binding to a soluble form of BST-1 (sBST-1). Equilibrium binding data of wild-type SNP-1 from surface plasmon resonance studies gave a Kd value of 500 +/- 35 nM. Titration calorimetry analysis showed that the binding reaction is exothermic at 20 degrees C. The values of Kd = 211 nM, enthalpy change, DeltaH = -18.68 kcal.mol-1, and saturated molar ratio of bound SNP-1 per sBST-1, N = 0.8 mol.mol-1 were obtained. On the basis of the molecular masses of SNP-1 and sBST-1 calculated by analytical ultracentrifugation, the stoichiometry of the binding was determined to be 2 : 2. Electron microscopy also revealed the dimer form of sBST-1. To delineate the core residue of SNP-1 responsible for binding, each amino acid residue has been replaced by alanine. A region from amino acid residues 7-12 appeared to be critical for the SNP-1 binding to sBST-1. The substitution of the first residue, His, to Ala led to a reduction in binding, suggesting that the N-terminal residue is also crucial.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase↗

PubMed1999

A common mutation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: In patients on maintenance hemodialysis, a decreased concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an apparent independent risk factor for vascular disease (VD). A common missense mutation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene, D442G (Asp442 to Gly), increases HDL-C levels, but the mutation may also diminish the activity of reverse cholesterol transport. METHODS: We compared the genotype distribution of the D442G polymorphism and postprandial serum lipid levels between patients with and without VD in 414 hemodialysis patients. RESULTS: Serum levels of total cholesterol and HDL-C did not differ in patients with the mutation [group M (+)] and without the mutation [group M (-)] and in patients with and without VD. However, patients with below median HDL-C levels (< 45 mg/dl) had a significantly higher prevalence of VD than those with above median HDL levels (26.0 vs. 15.2%, P < 0.01). Moreover, in this low-HDL-C subgroup, group M (+) patients had a significantly higher prevalence of VD than group M (-) patients (54.5 vs. 24.4%, P < 0.05). In the subgroup, group M (+) patients with VD had higher levels of total cholesterol and a higher atherogenic index than those without VD, whereas group M (-) patients with VD had lower levels of total cholesterol and a lower atherogenic index than those without VD. CONCLUSIONS: The D442G mutation may be a risk factor for atherosclerotic complications in dialysis patients with HDL-C levels below 45 mg/dl. Atherogenic lipid profiles may promote atherosclerosis in the patients with the mutation, but not in those with no mutation.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Lesion site in sudden deafness: study with electrocochleography and transiently evoked otoacoustic emission.

We examined electrocochleogram (ECochG) and transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) on five cases of sudden sensorineural hearing loss which had no abnormalities detected on diagnostic imagings and showed complete recovery of hearing. At the initial examination, three cases showed a broadened wave 1 with prolonged latency in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) at 90 dB HL. The ECochG AP showed a broad waveform, low amplitude, and high threshold. CM threshold, although increased, was relatively well preserved compared with hearing threshold measured with conventional pure-tone audiometry. The thresholds in TEOAE examination were similar to those for CM and preserved better when compared with pure-tone audiometric thresholds. These findings suggest that the location of the disorder in these three cases involved not only the cochlea but also the retrocochlear auditory pathway. The other two cases showed normal ABR waveforms at 90 dB HL at the initial examinations. ECochG examination showed that a normal AP in one case and a smaller amplitude AP, an elevated threshold, and normal waveform of AP in the other ear. CM thresholds coincided with the conventional audiometry thresholds. These findings suggest that hearing loss in these two cases involved primarily the sensory hair cells.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1999

Cell injury effect of isopropyl unoprostone, an antiglaucoma agent, on cultured human conjunctival cells.

Corneal epithelial disorders due to isopropyl unoprostone (unoprostone) eye drops, a prostaglandin F2alpha-related substance and antiglaucoma agent, have been reported since the agent became commercially available. The in vitro study was performed to clarify the mechanism of cell injury due to unoprostone. After Chang's human conjunctival cells were cultured and exposed for 2, 4 and 8 min to 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12% unoprostone and its vehicle containing 1% polysorbate 80, a cell growth assay and DNA histogram analysis using a flow cytometer and scanning electron microscopy were performed. The number of living cells was reduced, and the floating cell number increased immediately after exposure to 0.12% unoprostone for 8 min. When the cells were cultured for another 48 hr after exposure to unoprostone, the cell number was reduced dose and time dependently. Exposure for 2 min to 0.12% unoprostone showed no effect on the cell cycle. However, exposure for 2 min to 0.12% unoprostone caused alteration of the cell surface, such as reduction of microvilli and filopodia. The vehicle did not affect the cell surface or cell growth. These results suggest that clinically instilled eye drops ofunoprostone can affect cell structure, inhibit cell growth, and gradually cause corneal epithelial disorders.

Cell Division↗

PubMed1999

Acceptance of skin allografts in pigs by portal venous injection of donor bone marrow cells.

OBJECTIVE: To confirm in pigs whether a new method for organ allografts, originally established in mice by the authors, might be applicable to humans. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The authors recently established a new method for organ allografts in mice that includes the injection of donor bone marrow cells (BMCs) using the portal vein (PV), followed by the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) on days 2 and 5, and the intravenous injection of BMCs on day 5. In the present study, they modify this method (a single-day protocol) and apply it to pigs. METHODS: Allogeneic BMCs of donor pigs were injected using the PV (a superior mesenteric vein). The skin grafting was carried out on the day of the PV injection. The recipient pigs received donor grafts, autologous grafts, and third-party grafts at the same time. In addition, an open wound was made as the epithelized control. Full-thickness skin grafts were harvested from the dorsal wall of the donors. CsA (10 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly into recipient pigs on days 2 and 5 after the PV injection. RESULTS: One hundred percent of skin grafts survived for >300 days when donor BMCs were injected using the PV (n = 6). However, the skin grafts of the three pigs that had received BMCs using the intravenous route were rejected within 3 to 4 weeks after transplantation. The third-party skin grafts showed necrotic changes on day 21 after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: One hundred percent of skin allografts can be obtained, even in pigs, by injecting donor BMCs using the PV, carrying out skin allografts, and administering CsA on days 2 and 5. This single-day protocol would be of great advantage for human organ transplantation.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Follow up of women with simple ovarian cysts detected by transvaginal sonography in the Tokyo metropolitan area.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the management of women with asymptomatic ovarian masses, to determine the appropriate duration of follow up, and to identify diagnostic indicators of growing cysts. DESIGN: Review of women's hospital records. SETTING: Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer Detection Center, Japan. POPULATION: Two hundred and twenty-five pre- and postmenopausal women with a diagnosis of ovarian cyst < 6 cm in diameter and normal serum level of CA125, diagnosed between 1 October 1990 and 25 December 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in size of cyst as shown by ultrasound. RESULTS: Seventy-five months after initial diagnosis, 29 (13%) of the masses had progressed, 31 (14%) had persisted, and 165 (73%) had regressed. One hundred and nine masses (48%) had regressed within six months of the initial diagnosis. In univariate analysis transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of morphology findings, cyst diameter, carcinoembyronic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 were associated with the prognosis of the cyst. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only the initial serum CA19-9 level and serum CEA level were significant predictors of ovarian masses that regressed (P for trend = 0.004 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: Simple ovarian cysts in patients with a normal level of CA125 have a low risk for ovarian cancer. Vaginal ultrasound at six months will identify regression of most simple cysts. CA19-9 and CEA at the initial diagnosis are useful parameters to predict future regression of ovarian cysts.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Axonal and perikaryal involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent of loss of myelinated nerve fibres and spinal motor neuron loss in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a clinicopathological study was conducted on biopsied sural nerves and necropsied spinal cords from patients with CIDP. METHODS: The myelinated fibre pathology of 71 biopsied sural nerves and motor neuron pathology of nine necropsied spinal cords at L4 levels in patients with CIDP were quantitatively and immunohistochemically assessed. RESULTS: Myelinated nerve fibre density was significantly diminished to 65.4% of the control values (p <0.0001), correlating inversely with the extent of segmental demyelination and remyelination (r = -0.43, p < 0.0005) and duration of illness (r = -0.31, p < 0.01). Numbers of large spinal motor neurons in CIDP were variably but significantly diminished (range from 46.0 to 97.6% of the age matched control value (p < 0.005)), and reactive astrogliosis was evident in the ventral horn in CIDP. The frequency of ventral horn neurons exhibiting central chromatolysis and the accumulation of phosphorylated high molecular weight neurofilament protein was significantly higher in CIDP than in controls (p<0.01 and p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The loss of nerve axons and spinal motor neurons is common in CIDP, and extensive in some cases. These neuronal and axonal losses may influence the functional prognosis in CIDP.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Magnetic resonance imaging of pseudotumors of the craniovertebral junction in long-term hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pseudotumors of the craniovertebral junction (PTCVJ) are observed in long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients. There are neither criteria for diagnosis nor guidelines for screening. We attempted to determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that could be used to detect PTCVJ, to determine the prevalence of PTCVJ, and to evaluate whether destructive spondyloarthropathy (DSA) might be a yardstick for selection of patients for MRI examination for PTCVJ. METHODS: MRI were examined in 19 DSA patients (8 males, 11 females, age 61.4 +/- 7.3 years, HD duration 17.0 +/- 4.4 years) and in 20 sex-, age-, and HD-duration-matched non-DSA patients (9 males, 11 females, age 57.5 +/- 6.6 years, HD duration 17.7 +/- 4.9 years). We evaluated MRI characteristics of PTCVJ according those which occur due to rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS: PTCVJ were characterized as follows: disappearance of fat pads in the upper region (supradental PTCVJ), intensity change of the 'predental triangle' in the anterior region (predental PTCVJ), and thickening of cruciform ligaments (retrodental PTCVJ). The prevalence of PTCVJ among patients undergoing HD more than 10 years was high (26 out of 39; 66.7%). The prevalence of PTCVJ was not different between DSA and non-DSA groups. CONCLUSION: We verified that the above MRI findings might be helpful in the detection of PTCVJ. These findings were observed frequently and independently also in patients with DSA.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMed1999

Effect of injury to the dorsal funiculus of the thoracic spinal cord on micturition in decerebrate and freely-moving cats.

Bladder sensation is transmitted both via the spinothalamic tract in the lateral funiculus and the dorsal system in the dorsal funiculus. We transected the dorsal funiculus in 10 female cats to clarify the functional roles of these two ascending pathways. The dorsal funiculus was transected at T10 in 5 decerebrate and 5 freely-moving cats, and micturition parameters were compared before and after transection. Transection of the dorsal funiculus did not affect any of the parameters of reflex micturition in the 5 decerebrate cats. Within 1 week after transection, 4 of the 5 freely-moving cats used the normal micturition posture, but the remaining one performed micturition in a prone position as if she had lost micturition sensation. All 5 cats urinated with a normal micturition posture by 2 weeks after transection. The mean single voided volume was decreased transiently up to 1 week, but returned to normal by 2 weeks after transection. None of the 5 cats had any residual urine before and after transection. Both the ascending and descending limbs of the micturition reflex pass through the lateral funiculus. Bladder sensation is transmitted both via the spinothalamic tract coursing in the lateral funiculus and the dorsal system in the dorsal funiculus. The dorsal system may play a major role in the transmission of bladder sensation to the cerebral cortex, but may not be essential.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Oral administration of sepimostat mesilate prevents acute alcohol pancreatic injury in rats.

The preventive effect of a novel synthetic serine protease inhibitor, sepimostat mesilate (sepimostat), on acute alcohol pancreatic injury, induced by exocrine hyperstimulation and ethanol administration, was assessed and compared with that of a similar protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate (camostat). Conscious rats were infused with 1 microg mL(-1) h(-1) caerulein intravenously for 6 h and with 0.1 g mL(-1) h(-1) ethanol for 9 h, with the latter infusion beginning 3 h after the start of the caerulein infusion. Sepimostat or camostat was administered orally 1 h before the caerulein infusion. Rats infused with caerulein plus ethanol showed increased plasma amylase and lipase activities, and aggravated pancreatic interstitial oedema when compared with rats given caerulein alone. Sepimostat at 10 and 30 mg kg(-1) prevented the increase in plasma amylase and lipase activities caused by caerulein plus ethanol infusion. Sepimostat at 30 mg kg(-1) suppressed the histological change. Camostat did not show any preventive effects at the equivalent dose. When conscious rats were infused with 1 microg mL(-1) h(-1) caerulein alone intravenously for 6 h, plasma amylase and lipase activities were increased compared with rats given saline. Neither drug prevented the increase in these activities at 30mg kg(-1). Our results suggest that sepimostat has superior preventive effects on alcohol-induced acute pancreatic injury compared with camostat. Sepimostat may thus be a useful drug in the therapy of alcohol-induced pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

[Hemostatic effect of a novel sheeted fibrin adhesive agent, TO-193, on experimental incision models].

TO-193 (TachoComb) is a new fibrin adhesive agent that consists of a collagen sheet coated with fibrin glue. We compared the hemostatic effect of TO-193 in several experimental models with Beriplast P as a fibrin adhesive agent, Avitene and Novacol as a microfibrillar collagen hemostat, and a sponge-like collagen sheet as the constitutional parts of TO-193. In the in vitro bleeding model in which blood leaks out through cotton cloth, the pressure of TO-193 when blood leakage was observed was higher than those of Beriplast P, Avitene, Novacol and the collagen sheet, indicating that TO-193 possessed a strong adhesive effect on the bleeding surface. On the kidney resection surface, TO-193 showed a more potent adhesive effect than those of Beriplast P and the collagen sheet, suggesting that TO-193 has a potent hemostatic effect. In the liver resection, TO-193 significantly reduced the bleeding volume compared with that of Novacol in normal rats. Furthermore, the bleeding volume of TO-193 was about half that of Beriplast P and equivalent to that of Novacol even in anticoagulant-treated rats. From these data, it is expected that TO-193 would be a valuable hemostatic agent for clinical use since TO-193 possesses a potent adhesive ability on the bleeding resection surface and would certainly stop bleeding in both patients with normal coagulation and those with a low blood coagulation condition.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Adhesive and sealing effects of TO-193 on tissues and organs in various experimental models].

We studied the adhesive and sealing effects of sheet style fibrin adhesive, TO-193 (TachoComb), on some tissues and organs, comparing them with those of sheet style collagen agent, collagen sponge, Novacol, and Avitene and liquid fibrin adhesive agent, Beriplast P. TO-193 showed more a potent adhesive effect on liver than the sheet style collagen agents and was more potent on bone and skin than the liquid fibrin adhesive agent. Furthermore, TO-193 had a potent sealing effect at the site of incomplete suture immediately after application on a motile organ such as lung and stomach. These effects may be partly attributable to rapid expression of the effect due to the presence of a high concentration of fibrinogen on coverage. Enhancement of fibrin penetrability to the tissues by compression and inhibition of cleavage of coverage by the collagen sponge also may be participating in the effects of TO-193. These results suggest that TO-193 will be a valuable adhesive and sealing agent.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Three domains comprised in thermostable molecular weight 54,000 pullulanase of type I from Bacillus flavocaldarius KP1228.

The gene that coded for a cellular pullulanase of type I (alpha-dextrin 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.41) in Bacillus flavocaldarius KP1228 (FERM-P9542) cells growing at 51 to 82 degrees C was expressed in Escherichia coli MV1184. The enzyme had a half-life of 10 min at 107 degrees C. Purification of the enzyme and its characterization showed that the enzyme was identical with the native one. Its primary structure of 475 residues with a molecular weight of 53,856 deduced from the gene was 15-21% and 43% identical to the corresponding C-terminal regions in the sequences of 2 plant and 6 bacterial pullulanases of type I, and of Bacillus stearothermophilus TRS40 neoplullulanase, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that B. flavocaldarius pullulanase comprised 3 domains, i.e., one catalytic (beta/alpha)8-barrel domain, one domain made of the region protruding from the barrel between the third beta-strand and the third alpha-helix, and one beta-stranded domain attached to the C-end of the barrel domain, but that the pullulanase lacked the beta-stranded domain commonly found in addition to the 3 domains in the neopullulanase and all other pullulanases, and attached to the N-end of the barrel domain.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

The prototype effect in face recognition: extension and limits.

The prototype effect in face recognition refers to a tendency to recognize the face corresponding to the central value of a series of seen faces, even when this central value or prototype has not been seen. Five experiments investigated the extension and limits of this phenomenon. In all the experiments, participants saw a series of faces, each one in two or more different versions or exemplars, and then performed a recognition test, including seen and unseen exemplars and the unseen prototype face. In Experiment 1, a strong prototype effect for variations in feature location was demonstrated in oldness ratings and in a standard old/new recognition test. Experiments 2A and 2B compared the prototype effect for variations in feature location and variations in head angle and showed that, for the latter, the prototype effect was weaker and more dependent on similarity than for the former. These results suggest that recognition across feature variations is based on an averaging mechanism, whereas recognition across viewpoint variations is based on an approximation mechanism. Experiments 3A and 3B examined the limits of the prototype effect using a face morphing technique that allows a systematic manipulation of face similarity. The results indicated that, as the similarity between face exemplars decreases to the level of similarity between the faces of different individuals, the prototype effect starts to disappear. At the same time, the prototype effect may originate false memories of faces that were never seen.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Age-dependent changes in dynamic body balance as evaluated by the Body Tracking Test (BTT)].

Stability of Posture and gait decays with aging. In this study, we constructed the Body Tracking Test (BTT), to evaluate dynamic body balance function as opposed to static balance. Healthy volunteers of various ages (total, 272 persons) were subjects of the study. The principle of the BTT was for the subject to attempt to track an optical moving target displayed on a computer screen by shifting his or her body's center of gravity that was also displayed. The target moved for a span of 15 cm horizontally on the 14-inch screen, and also, in lateral and antero-posterior (horizontal and vertical) on CRT directions at a constant velocity of 0.125 Hz. Sixty-seconds recordings are obtained. In BTT, the gain for target against tracking was fixed at 2.0 (target:tracking = 1:2). The target was 100 cm anterior to the platform where the subject stood erect with the feet close together. The criteria for evaluation of the tracking function were determined by our preliminary study, titled "Index of BTT movement", and was useful during our present study. These criteria were determined ranking to E from A. The A rank indicated best tracking. Determination of rankings were performed by good or not tracking line against target trace line on recorded papers. Age-dependent changes in scores were obtained and analyzed. Results suggested that the tracking ability started to deteriorate after age 40, and these differences were observed in lateral and antero-posterior (horizontal and vertical on CRT) directions for all age groups. Tried for a with 30 years old changes, increase of a rate that A ranking occupies with a lateral direction law fast stimulation BTT from 20-year-old changes though, didn't try for a significant difference with a antero-posterior direction law fast stimulation BTT. Try start were 50-year-old changes with an antero-posterior BTT, 40-year-old changes with a lateral BTT E ranking. C, D, rate that E ranking occupies increases consequently to become 80-year-old changes and advanced age from 60 years on. For the tendency, a small tendency tried for the rate for antero-posterior stimulation BTT compared with a lateral stimulation BTT. Whether thought about for this, an of direction is prompt nearly against an outside stimulation since it keeps a balance with standing and being mended.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Relation between voice quality and pathological vibratory patterns using high-speed digital imaging].

We analysed the vocal fold vibrations of 22 pathological larynges using a computer-assisted high-speed digital imaging technique. The parameters observed included symmetry, regularity, phase difference, glottal closure, amplitude, mucosal wave and periodicity difference. Voice quality was evaluated by a GRBAS system, and we examined the relation between vocal fold vibration patterns and voice quality. The intraexaminer correlation coefficient was high for the G, R and B scales. Vibratory patterns were classified according to the location of the lesion, severity of the disease, expiratory pressure and laryngeal modulation. Although there were no matches between a vocal fold vibratory pattern for one psychoacoustic impression of hoarseness, the characteristic vibratory patterns of these cases of R > or = 2.5 or diplophonia exhibited irregular glottal closure and periodicity differences. The characteristic vibratory pattern of vocal fry is a double or triple opening/closing phase, followed by a long closed phase.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Extended resection of the great vessels for primary lung cancer and mediastinal tumor].

From 1973 to 1998, we resected and reconstructed the great vessels in 44 patients with primary lung cancer or mediastinal tumor. Among them, 39 patients (28 with lung cancer and 11 with mediastinal tumor) and 5 patients (all with lung cancer) underwent reconstruction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and aorta, respectively. The SVC was repaired by expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) graft (n = 8), prosthetic patch (n = 5) or direct suture (n = 26). The aorta was repaired with temporary subclavian artery-descending aorta (n = 3), or left atrium-femoral artery bypass (n = 2). No complication or operative death occurred after surgery. The survival rate of the patients with lung cancer who underwent SVC reconstruction at 3 year and 5 year were 26.2% and 11.2%, respectively. Five of 11 (45.5%) patients with mediastinal tumor are alive at 5 years. We concluded that extended resection for primary lung cancer or mediastinal tumor invading the SVC is acceptable operation method for some patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

11p15 translocations involving the NUP98 gene in childhood therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome.

In a survey of childhood therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML/MDS) in Japan, we found 11p15 translocations in 5 (6%) of 81 children with t-AML/MDS. t(11;17)(p15;q21), t(11;12)(p15;q13), t(7;11)(p15;p15), inv(11)(p15q22), and add(11)(p15) were each found in one patient. Southern blotting and/or RT-PCR analyses revealed rearrangements of the NUP98 gene in tumor samples of all five patients. Rearrangements of DDX10 were detected in t-AML/MDS cells with inv(11), and rearrangements of HOXA9 were detected in t-AML cells with t(7;11). The 17q21 breakpoint of t(11;17) and the 12q13 breakpoint of t(11;12)(p15;q13) coincided with the loci of the HOXB and HOXC gene families, respectively. Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that one of the HOXB genes and one of the HOXC genes were fused to NUP98 by t(11;17) and t(11;12), respectively, in t-AML/MDS cells. We propose that NUP98 may be a target gene for t-AML/MDS, and that t-AML/MDS with a fusion of NUP98 and HOX or DDX10 genes may be more frequent in children than in patients of other age groups.

Acute Disease↗