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Biomedical subjects

M Oda

Publications and source records attributed to M Oda.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Corticobasal degeneration: a disease with widespread appearance of abnormal tau and neurofibrillary tangles, and its relation to progressive supranuclear palsy.

The neuropathological findings, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, of two patients with clinical findings consistent with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) are reported. Both patients showed degeneration of the precentral cortex, the substantia nigra, the pallidum, and the thalamus. Many ballooned neurons were seen in the cerebral cortex, and argentophilic, skein-like inclusions suggesting neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were found in the brain stem and precentral cortex in patient 1. In contrast, patient 2 clearly showed NFTs in the brain stem and dentate nucleus which were indistinguishable from those seen in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), while only a few ballooned neurons were found in the cerebral cortex. Gallyas silver stain showed many argentophilic inclusions suggesting NFTs in the brain stem, subcortical nuclei, and cerebral cortex in both patients. Immunohistochemistry for tau showed tau-positive neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem, subcortical nuclei and spinal cord, and tau-positive glial cells were seen in the cerebral cortex, white matter and subcortical nuclei, and thread-like structures were seen in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Electron microscopy of the brain stem showed NFTs consisting of paired helical filaments in patient 1, and paired helical filaments and straight tubules in patient 2. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed parallel tau-positive filaments in the cerebral cortex in patient 1. From the two patients, the wide-spread appearance of abnormal tau and NFTs is one of the essential pathological features in CBD, and it also appears that CBD and PSP have some common underlying pathological processes. Patient 2 is closer to PSP than patient 1 and suggests CBD would link to PSP.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

A clinical analysis of small-sized lung cancer with advanced disease.

A clinical analysis of small-sized lung cancers with advanced disease was conducted on a total of 58 patients: 34 diagnosed as T1N2, 6 as T1N3, 9 as T1M1, and 9 as T4 due to pleural dissemination. The cumulative 5-year survival rate after surgery for the 34 patients with a T1N2 lesion was 17.4%. Of these 34 patients, 24 underwent a curative operation resulting in a 5-year survival rate of 23.7%, but the remaining 10 patients, who underwent a non-curative operation, had a 5-year survival rate of 0%. Extended lymph node dissection for N3 disease has only been performed in recent years, so it is not yet clear whether it will affect the survival rate or not. T4 disease due to pleural dissemination and T1M1 disease associated with intrapulmonary metastasis encountered at thoracotomy could be expected to have relatively long-term survival with the combined use of systemic immunochemotherapy after surgery. In cases diagnosed as T4 due to pleural dissemination, we have recently employed resection of the primary lesion with parietal pleurectomy as the standard operative procedure. For cases of T1M1 with intrapulmonary metastasis confined to the same lobe as the primary lesion, a lobectomy is usually performed, while for cases with intrapulmonary metastasis extending to another lobe, a lobectomy with enucleation of metastatic nodules or pneumonectomy is most often performed instead of an exploratory thoracotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the mediastinum: report of a case.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is a tumor which most often develops in the soft tissues of the extremities and retroperitoneum, but very rarely originates in the mediastinum. We report herein the case of a 63-year-old man who underwent surgical resection of a rapidly growing tumor in the right thoracic cavity which was diagnosed as an MFH of mediastinal origin on the basis of histological findings, the definitive diagnosis ultimately being made by specific immunostaining.

Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
PubMed1994

Circulatory collapse and sudden death in respirator-dependent amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Circulatory collapse and sudden death was defined retrospectively as one of the major critical problems among 23 respirator-dependent patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Six cases died from sudden cardiac arrest or anoxic encephalopathy following the circulatory collapse. In five among the six cases, sudden death or cardiac arrest occurred during sleep at night. Eight cases had had episodes of marked fluctuation of blood pressure before death, including paroxysmal elevation of blood pressure and heart rate, and successive sudden pressure fall without compensatory tachycardia. The spells of hypotension often occurred during sleep. In addition, the prospective study of diurnal variation of blood pressure, heart rate, plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity in nine respirator-dependent ALS patients showed continuous tachycardia and more remarkable nocturnal decrease of blood pressure compared with the control subjects. Plasma norepinephrine levels were constantly higher in the ALS patients particularly in a daytime. These indicate the continuous sympathetic hyperactivity in ALS. We discuss the cause of the circulatory collapse and sudden death in the respirator-dependent ALS patients in terms of the autonomic dysregulatory mechanism or the sympathetic hyperactivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Participation of the limbic system and its associated areas in the dementia of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The topographic distribution of degenerative changes in large brain sections from five sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with dementia and three without dementia was examined. The dementia characteristics were impaired shifting from one line of thinking to another, perseveration, and emotional disinhibition as well as impairment of cognition, and judgment. Neuropathological examinations showed definite ALS changes in all the patients studied. In addition, the five patients with dementia showed neuronal loss, gliosis, and sponginess of the superficial layers throughout the cerebral cortices, predominantly in the dorsomedial cortex of the temporal tip and the parahippocampal, ambiens, anterior cingulate, rectal, orbital, and insular gyri as well as neuronal loss in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and subiculum of the hippocampus. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions were present in some neurons in the granular cell layers of the hippocampus. Fibrous gliosis was extensive in the subcortical and deep white matter of the frontotemporal lobes. The affected regions take in the limbic system and its associated areas which are the sources of the psychological problems, including emotional disturbance, experienced by these ALS patients. The psychological problems of ALS need to be investigated in relation to the involvement of the limbic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of postoperative chylothorax by pleurodesis with the streptococcal preparation OK-432.

Of the 2877 patients who underwent chest surgery at our department during the 20-year period between 1973 and 1992, 9 (0.3%) developed postoperative chylothorax. The underlying disease included primary lung cancer in 5 patients, pulmonary metastasis in 1, invasive thymoma in 2, and neuroblastoma of the posterior mediastinum in 1. For the treatment of chylothorax, the thoracic duct was ligated in 2 patients with a high volume of chylous leakage. In 6 patients treated conservatively, early pleurodesis was attained by injecting 1 to 5 doses (mean: 2.2 doses) of the streptoccal preparation OK-432 intrathoracically; favorable results were achieved. In 1 patient, the diagnosis of chylothorax was delayed because of postoperative pyothorax. This patient developed nutritional deficiency, compromised immunity, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which led to death before the chylothorax could be treated. In principle, postoperative chylothorax should be treated conservatively. Favorable results can be expected with the intrathoracic injection of OK-432 beginning at the early postoperative period to achieve pleurodesis, combined with the prevention of nutritional deficiency, electrolyte imbalance, and infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Congenital rubella syndrome with rubella virus-associated generalized brownish macules, indurated erythemas, papules, and pigmentation.

BACKGROUND: We examined an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The purpose of this report is to describe the skin manifestations in this patient and to prove that they were associated with rubella virus. OBSERVATIONS: A 7-month-old boy presented with generalized brownish macules, indurated erythemas, papules, and pigmentation. They first appeared at around 3 months of age. His mother had contracted rubella during the 14th gestational week. At the time of examination, rubella-specific IgM antibody was positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid of the baby. A physical exam had revealed deafness, mental and physical retardation, interstitial pneumonitis, and hepatosplenomegaly. A skin biopsy specimen showed a dense infiltration mainly of lymphocytes, with B cells predominant in the deep dermis. Electron microscopically abundant tubuloreticular structures were observed in capillary endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and dermal fibroblasts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis suggested that rubella virus RNA was present in the patient's skin specimen, cerebrospinal fluid, and total blood. CONCLUSIONS: The cutaneous manifestations of our patient were extraordinary and informative. These prominent skin lesions should be recognized as cutaneous markers of CRS.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Evidence of direct interaction between Kupffer cells and colon cancer cells: an ultrastructural study of the co-culture.

A co-culture study of purified rat Kupffer cells and human colon cancer cells was performed, and the process of the tumor cell injury was observed under an inverted type fluorescence microscope loaded with propidium iodide, and also under an electron microscope. Ultrastructurally there was direct membrane-to-membrane interaction between Kupffer cells and colon cancer cells in time. The interaction occurred 1 h after start of the co-culture, and injured tumor cells were observed closely attached to pseudopodia of Kupffer cells at 6 h. The number of propidium iodide-positive tumor cells with damage increased in time. Pretreatment with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine reduced the number of injured tumor cells without preventing morphological interactions, but superoxide dismutase did not prevent the tumoricidal effect. Pretreatment with trypsin completely inhibited cell interaction and damage to tumor cells. In conclusion, the morphological interaction of Kupffer cells as a first step and the involvement of nitric oxide-derived free radicals as a second step seem to play a significant role in the host-defense mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Location of the corticospinal tract in the internal capsule at MR imaging.

PURPOSE: To examine whether hyperintense foci in the posterior internal capsule (IC) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images represent fibers of the corticospinal tract (CST). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed MR images of 100 control subjects and 35 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and brain specimens from seven control subjects and five ALS patients. RESULTS: In the posterior IC, the brain specimens from control subjects demonstrated a pale area with large axons and thick myelin sheaths. In five ALS patients, the brain specimens showed degeneration of the CST in the same region. MR images demonstrated abnormal hyperintensity that represented degeneration of the CST in five of 35 ALS patients. In the same region, hyperintense foci were found in the control subjects. CONCLUSION: Normal hyperintense foci in the IC represent the fibers of the CST. The presence of large fibers with thick myelin sheaths may play an important role in these signal intensity variations.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Chitosan and sodium alginate based bioadhesive tablets for intraoral drug delivery.

Bioadhesive tablets for intraoral drug delivery were prepared by directly compressing the drug with a mixture of chitosan and sodium alginate in weight ratios of 4:1, 1:1 and 1:4, and the adhesion and release characteristics of the prepared systems were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Ketoprofen was used as a model drug. The magnitudes of the adhesion force of chitosan/alginate tablets were observed to be comparable to that of Aftach, which is a typical commercial preparation of an oral mucosal adhesive tablet. Increasing the chitosan content in the tablets resulted in a decrease in the release rate of ketoprofen. When the tablets were administered to the sublingual site of rabbits, ketoprofen from the tablets with chitosan/alginate was rapidly absorbed without an initial sharp peak. Furthermore, the plasma concentration curves for the tablet with a 1:4 chitosan/alginate ratio showed a sustained release 3 h after administration. The data presented suggest that tablets prepared from chitosan and alginate are potential candidates for intraoral drug delivery.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1994

[A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with pathologically-proven acute demyelinating lesion in the peripheral nervous system].

We present a case of acute severe demyelination affecting both CNS and PNS with pathological evidence. A 62-year-old man presented with acute onset of coma preceded by common cold-like symptoms. He was diagnosed as acute disseminated encephalomyelopathy (ADEM), and died of brain herniation in two weeks. At autopsy, in addition to severe demyelination of the white matter of the central nervous system, there was widespread acute demyelinating process in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin destruction by macrophage was most conspicuous in the spinal nerve root with preservation of the axon cylinder. So far the association of hypertrophic demyelinating neuropathy was reported in cases of multiple sclerosis. However, there have not been any papers in which substantial involvement of both CNS and PNS in cases of ADEM except for the clinical report by Amit. Antigenic cross-reactivity between CNS and PNS against myelin proteins or other antigens like glycolipid may elicit similar immune responses producing demyelination.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical evaluation on ofloxacin administered once daily in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis].

A comparative study of ofloxacin (OFLX), a new oral quinolone, was carried out at the Department of Urology, Osaka University Hospital and its eighteen affiliated hospitals to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of daily dose of 300 mg, given either once daily dose (SID group), or in three divided doses (TID group), in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 42 cases from the SID group, and 43 cases from TID group, respectively, according to the criteria by the Japanese UTI Committee. In the SID group, the clinical efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 29 cases, moderate in 12 and poor in 1, with an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 98%. In the TID group, it was evaluated as excellent in 25 cases, moderate in 17 and poor in 1, with an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 98%. Safety was monitored only by subjective complaints. In the SID group, no subjective side effects appeared (0%). In the TID group, one of the 43 women (2.3%) complained of borborygmus. These findings suggest that there was no significant difference between the two groups in the safety and efficacy of ofloxacin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Impairment of gastric mucosal defenses measured in vivo in cirrhotic rats.

Patients with cirrhosis have an increased incidence of gastric ulcers and erosions. We evaluated the effect of carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis on rat gastric mucosal defense mechanisms using our recently developed in vivo fluorescence microscopy technique. Cirrhotic rats had increased portal vein pressure, increased serum aminotransferase concentrations and decreased serum albumin concentrations. We noted significantly more spontaneous gross gastric lesions in the cirrhotic rats. In vivo microscopic measurements revealed that cirrhotic rats had (a) a significantly thinner gastric mucous gel layer, (b) a much greater decrease in surface mucosal cell intracellular pH in response to an acid load, (c) decreased gastric mucosal blood flow and (d) decreased surface cell viability. We conclude that spontaneous gastric mucosal lesions in cirrhotic rats may be related to more rapid penetration of acid through a thinner gastric mucous gel layer and a lower mucosal blood flow. These changes are associated with a decreased ability of the surface cells to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis, increased initial gastric surface cell acidification, decreased surface cell viability and a lower blood flow that probably is inadequate to remove the increased acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Combined resection and replacement of the superior vena cava with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft in surgery of pulmonary-mediastinal malignant tumor].

Combined resection and replacement of the superior vena cava with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft was performed in 7 patients. Five patients had lung cancer, and 2 had malignant thymoma. During operation, total clamping of the superior vena cava was required in 2 patients, and partial clamping of the superior vena cava or clamping of the innominate vein in 5. The reconstruction procedures were as follows; the superior vena cava or bilateral innominate veins with a graft in 4 patients, bilateral innominate veins with 2 grafts in 1, and one of the innominate veins with a graft in 2. There was no operative death. Edema of face, neck and arms appeared in 6 patients postoperatively, but it disappeared in 3-10 days. Phlebogram which was obtained in 5 patients demonstrated patency of the grafts in 4 and well-developed collateral drainage in 1. Postoperative survival time was 1-27 months, and 3 patients are alive. No superior vena cava syndrome was recognized in long term observation of any patient.

Aged↗