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Biomedical subjects

M Oberholzer

Publications and source records attributed to M Oberholzer.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Connatal polyneuropathy -- a case with proliferated microfilaments in Schwann cells.

A case of connatal polyneuropathy is described in a boy who died of pneumonia at the age of 2 years, and from whom sural nerve biopsies had been taken when he was 4 and 16 months old. Clinically, his disease was characterized by motor weakness and muscular flaccidity in the presence of normal intellectual development. The evolution of the connatal peripheral nerve lesion could be followed from the age of 4 months to death: The first biopsy evidenced the most serious pathologic changes. The findings were reminiscent of those encountered in a fetal nerve at 18 weeks of gestation. Furthermore, it showed numerous filamentous inclusions in Schwann cells. The second biopsy showed a sparsely myelinated nerve with bands of basement membrane apparently unrelated to cells arranged around the nerve's fibers. A few Schwann cells containing filamentous inclusions were still present. At autopsy, the findings were identical to those of the second biopsy. The possibility that this patient was transitionally exposed to a neurotoxic agent during pregnancy and that the biopsy findings represent a lesion that is still florid in the first and in a residual state in the second biopsy is considered.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

The effect of antiestrogen, antiandrogen, and the prolactin inhibitor 2 bromo-alpha-ergocriptine on the stromal tissue of human benign prostatic hyperplasia. Correlation of stereological data and plasma hormones.

In an attempt to shed light on the action of endogenous androgens and estrogens on the stromal tissue of the human prostate, we studied the effect of selective androgen (cyproterone acetate), estrogen (tamoxifen), and prolactin (bromocriptine) antagonists. The application of cyproterone acetate led to a reduced relative volumetric amount of the smooth muscle cell organelles, whereas the administration of tamoxifen effected no alteration as compared to pretreatment values. The administration of bromocriptine led to further activation of the smooth muscle cells in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hormones, such as leutinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, and prolactin were measured to assess alterations of the pituitary gonadal axis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnostic accuracy of prostate needle biopsies in cancer of the prostate].

The carcinoma of the prostate can be diagnosed with high certainty in needle biopsy. Among 450 cases only one false diagnosis was found. Under routine diagnostic conditions, semiquantitative evaluation showed that 50% of the investigated morphological parameters in carcinomas of the prostate can be reproduced by one and the same or different investigators with a sufficiently high degree of certainty. Comparison between needle biopsy and transurethral resection material showed that the overall coincidence of tumor classification (according to the predominant part of tumor) was only 50%. The authors conclude that tumor therapy should not predominantly be based on morphology present in a single needle biopsy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1981

[Prognostic significance of clinical and morphological parameters in prostate cancer].

In 269 patients with carcinoma of the prostate, a retrospective statistical evaluation was done to correlate prognosis with different clinical and morphological criteria. All prostate biopsies were reviewed, the clinical staging redone and compared to survival of the patients. The most reliable criteria for prognostic prediction are clinical staging (rectal palpation, radiological examination and prostatic acid phosphatase). The morphologic parameters (histologic type of tumor, perineural invasion and perifocal inflammation) are of additional but of limited value.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

[Measurement and calculation of the colloid-osmotic pressure in the normal postoperative course].

In 26 patients undergoing elective surgery (general or urological) the colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of serum was followed up until the sixth postoperative day. COP was measured at an artificial membrane by a transducer as described by Weil et al. Simultaneous measurements of the concentrations of total protein and albumin were used to calculate COP by the formula of Keys. Measured COP and calculated COP were in close agreement; to eliminate the systematic (although small) difference, a correction of the Keys formula was developed. COP decreased postoperatively, but never below 20 mm Hg. While no circulatory or pulmonary dysfunction can be found, it seems superfluous to substitute COP if not below 20 mm Hg. The possible value of protein substitution is discussed.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1980

[Antibiotic prophylaxis in colon surgery with Cefazolin].

In a prospective randomized and controlled double-blind trial the effect of prophylactic systemic administration of Cefazolin in elective colorectal surgery on postoperative wound infection was investigated. The incidence of wound infection was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) from 32% in the control group to 10% in the treated group. Furthermore there was a significant reduction (P less than 0.05) in hospital stay of about 3 days.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1979

Electron microscopic stereological analysis of the normal human prostate and of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Normal and benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue was studied by quantitative electron microscopic measurements. Quantitative morphological procedures provide values for volume, surface, number of tissue and cellular components within human prostatic tissue. When a comparison is made of the stereological data of the glandular cell of benign prostatic hyperplasia to that of the normal human prostate no statistically significant difference in the relative volumetric amount of the cell organelles is indicated. An attempt was made to characterize the fine structure of the smooth muscle cells of the stromal area (fibromuscular) in normal and benign hyperplastic prostatic tissue. In benign prostatic hyperplasia a significant increase in the relative amount of organelles in the smooth muscle cell was found, indicating an activation of these cells. Light microscopic analysis has revealed that benign prostatic hyperplasia is primarily a stromal disease.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

Light microscopic stereological analysis of the normal human prostate and of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Normal prostate glands from 6 men less than 30 years old and enucleated tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia were analyzed by stereological methods. Studies on the relative volumetric amount of fibromuscular (stromal) and glandular areas of the gland reveal no statistically significant difference between the inner and outer parts of the normal prostate and between the inner part of the normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, in benign prostatic hyperplasia there is a significant increase in the volumetric amount of the fibromuscular tissue and a decrease in the glandular area compared to the outer part of the normal prostate and the whole normal prostate (sum of the inner and the outer parts). These stereological data are discussed with respect to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Morphologic findings in central bronchi correlated to lung function data in obstructive airways disease.

Quantitative analyses of morphologic findings are the condition of clinico-pathological correlation studies. These quantitative analyses are possible by morphometry. The present correlation study shows that morphometry may therefore contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of obstructive airways disease: decreasing bronchial lumen and increasing volume of grandular ducts are correlated to increasing airways resistances (clinical parameters: RAW, FEV1). Increasing volume of bronchial muscles is correlated with resistance of airways at quiet breathing (RAW) and less with increasing residual volume (RV). Increasing volume of bronchial glands and glandular ducts is correlated with increasing resistance at forced expiration which is clinically shown by decreasing FEV1. These findings can be interpreted as follows. Airway resistances are mainly influenced by airway narrowing. At quiet breathing, muscle constriction is an additional cause of increasing airflow resistance due to bronchial narrowing. At forced expiration, however, mucus plugs probably limit the airflow because thickening of bronchial glands points to increased secretory activity. Until now it is not possible to understand why bronchial muscle volume correlates with residual volume.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lung biopsy: methods, value, complications, timing, and indications.

Six methods of lung biopsy are discussed on the basis of literature reports: 1. Aspiration biopsy by fine needle, 2. split needle biopsy (Vim-Silverman), 3. cutting needle biopsy (Travenol), 4. trephine biopsy by rotating needle, 5. transbronchial biopsy, 6. open biopsy. Because of the high risk, biopsies with thick needles (methods 2--4) should be abandoned. Transbronchial biopsy is renounced because reliable results are only achieved in sarcoidosis which can be clearly diagnosed in high percentage of cases by other less dangerous procedures. In solitary tumors which could not be diagnosed by any other means aspiration biopsy is indicated because of its low risk and its diagnostic accuracy of more than 80%. In disseminated pulmonary disorders which cannot be diagnosed by any other means open lung biopsy is the most reliable method. The lung specimens can be taken under eye control. They should contain tissue from the transitional zone between diseased and unchanged areas, however. The specimens are usually big enough for additional electron and fluorescence microscopic examinations as well as dust analyses. The pathologist must be aware of all clinical data including X-ray pictures, laboratory findings, case history, and history of occupational and nonoccupational dust exposure. If these conditions are fulfilled and adequate methods are applied, lung biopsy provides diagnosis and prognosis, makes causal therapy possible, and amplifies the medical knowledge of pulmonary diseases.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Morphometry in central bronchi and tissue sections. A supplemental method in pneumopathology].

Comparative clinical-pathological studies of pneumopathology call for quantitative analyses of bronchi and pulmonary tissue. Quantification of pathological findings is possible by morphometry. The most important stereologic definitions and the laws of morphometry are briefly described. Methodologic problems are discussed. Baseline data of central bronchi of 5 autopsy cases are calculated (volume densities of the different tissue compartments and the surface density of bronchial basement membrane in three reference volumes). The five patients had normal lung function tests during life.--Further, the grading of emphysema by point-counting on papermounted macrosections is reported. Grading of emphysema on lung slices correlated very well with grading of emphysema by point-counting.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1978

[The problem of airway collapse in lung emphysema. Correlation between intravital lung function measurements and morphometric data].

Lowering of forced expired volume in one second as a percentage of vital capacity (FEV1%VC) and check-valve phenomenon of expiratory flow curve (CVPh) are clinical signs of bronchial collapse. In this study the correlations between these functional parameters and morphologic findings are studied. The study comprises autopsy cases in which lung function had been tested 1.5 years on average before death. In 138 cases emphysema was graded on papermounted macrosections and in 52 cases bronchi were studied by morphometry. 19 of the latter were analysed more thoroughly; 9 had shown CVPh. The results were as follows: 1. Collapse phenomena occur more frequently in cases with destructive emphysema than in cases without. However, it is not exclusive to the former. 2. FEV1 and CVPh correlate with hypertrophy of bronchial glands. 3. Cases with CVPh show hypertrophy, not atrophy, of the walls of central bronchi. It follows that bronchial collapse phenomena are mainly influenced by increased bronchial secretion of viscous mucus and not by emphysematous destruction of lung parenchyma. On forced expiration, mucus plugging probably leads to a decrease of intrabronchial pressure in the downstream bronchi. Thus, the downstream bronchi may collapse because the equal pressure point between intrabronchial and intrathoracic pressure shifts from the central to more peripheral bronchi.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1978

Glucagon, insulin, cortisol, and growth hormone levels following major surgery: their relationship to glucose and free fatty acid elevations.

Circulating hormone and substrate levels were measured in 7 patients at regular intervals before, during and after pulmonary surgery. During surgery, cortisol and growth hormone were significantly elevated, pancreatic glucagon was unchanged and insulin was depressed. One and two days after surgery, growth hormone had almost returned to preoperative fasting values, but cortisol, insulin and glucagon levels were significantly increased. The mean insulin:glucagon molar ratio declined from a preoperative fasting value of 3.2 +/- 0.5 (+/- SEM) to 1.7 +/- 0.4 during operation but was within normal limits 1 and 2 days after surgery due to a parallel rise and fall in plasma insulin and glucagon. Plasma glucose was elevated both during operation and for several days thereafter, whereas free fatty acid levels were increased only during operation. Thus, there was no consistent relation between insulin:glucagon ratio or any of the hormone levels and the observed elevations in plasma glucose and free fatty acids. It is concluded that neither any of the hormones assayed nor the insulin:glucagon ratio was the primary determinant of plasma glucose and free fatty acid responses to surgery. Rather, fuel homeostasis appeared to result from the combined effects of glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, cortisol and adrenergic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The applicability of the gland/wall ratio (Reid-Index) to clinicopathological correlation studies.

We studied at necropsy the bronchi of 49 subjects whose lung function has been measured during life. In each case the glands were examined in three bronchi by measuring the gland/wall ratio (Reid-Index) and by point-counting. The results of the two methods were compared: the data of the gland/wall ratio were normally distributed while those of the volume density established by point-counting were not. Gland/wall ratio and volume density of glands correlated moderately (RSp = 0.524). The function between them was not linear, in contrast with that between gland/wall ratio and gland thickness. The stereological background of these functions is discussed. In 34 subjects without restrictive lung disease FEV1 correlated inversely with the volume density of glands (RSp = -0.396), but not with the gland/wall ratio (Reid-Index)(RSp = -0.243). This discrepancy probably results from the different distribution of the data obtained by the two methods and from the non-linear function between them. These findings indicate that the gland/wall ratio (Reid-Index) is less applicable to clinicopathological correlations than the volume density of glands established by point-counting.

Adult↗