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Biomedical subjects

M O'Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to M O'Sullivan.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The penetration of ceftriaxone into synovial fluid of the inflamed joint.

Fifteen patients with acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis each received a 1 g bolus intravenous injection of ceftriaxone. Serum and synovial fluid was sampled at intervals between 1 h and 24 h later and assayed for ceftriaxone. Synovial fluid leucocyte counts and albumin content were measured concomitantly. Detectable levels of ceftriaxone were found in synovial fluid and serum 24 h after injection. Synovial fluid ceftriaxone concentration ranged between 66% and 100% of the concomitant serum levels. No correlation was observed between synovial fluid ceftriaxone concentration and synovial fluid leucocyte count and albumin concentration.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1985

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in a family: genetic or environmental.

This is a case report of a family in which Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) occurred in four members. All the patients were male and between the ages of three and eight years. This unusually high incidence in one family raises questions about the genetic versus the environmental factors in the etiology of LCPD.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to indomethacin.

A middle-aged female with rheumatoid arthritis was commenced on indomethacin. Four days later she developed the classical clinical and histological features of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The association with indomethacin has not previously been reported.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1979

Genetic control of F cells in human adults.

Hb F levels were determined on samples from 750 normal blood donors. Six individuals (0.8%) had Hb F levels in excess of 1.1%, the upper end of the continuous distribution. Eight individuals at the upper end and 7 individuals at the lower end of the range were selected for family studies. These studies revealed that the control of Hb F levels in adults, as judged by the more sensitive F-cell technique, has a major genetic component. Structural analysis of the Hb F in several cases demonstrated that both G gamma and A gamma chains were present, but in variable proportions. These results are discussed in light of current concepts of adult F-cell production.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breath-hold MR measurements of blood flow velocity in internal mammary arteries and coronary artery bypass grafts.

Breath-hold velocity-encoded cine MR (VENC-MR) imaging is a feasible method for measuring phasic blood flow velocity in small vessels that move during respiration. The purposes of the current study are to compare breathhold VENC-MR measurements of flow velocities in the internal mammary arteries (IMA) with nonbreath-hold measurements and to characterize the systolic and diastolic flow velocity curves in a cardiac cycle in native IMA and IMA grafts. Flow velocity in 30 native IMA and 8 IMA grafts were evaluated with a breath-hold VENC-MR sequence with K-space segmentation and view-sharing reconstruction (TR/TE = 16/9 msec, VENC = 100 cm/s). In 10 native IMA, nonbreath-hold VENC-MR images were acquired as well for comparison. Breath-hold VENC-MR imaging showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic peak velocities in native IMA (43.1 cm/second +/- 15.0 and 10.0 cm/second +/- 4.8), in comparison to those of nonbreath-hold VENC-MR imaging (27.6 cm/second +/- 10.2 and 7.3 cm/second +/- 3.9, P < .05). The diastolic/systolic peak velocity ratio in the IMA grafts (.88 +/- .41) was significantly higher than that in native IMA (.24 +/- .08, P < .01). Interobserver variability in the flow velocity measurement was less than 4%. Breath-hold VENC-MR imaging demonstrated higher peak flow velocity in the IMA than nonbreath-hold VENC-MR imaging. This technique is a rapid and effective method for the noninvasive assessment of blood flow velocity in IMA grafts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasuicide and suicide in the south-west of Ireland.

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviour has become recognised as a major public health problem. AIM: To examine hospital-treated parasuicide and suicide in the Southern and Mid-Western Health Boards. METHODS: Parasuicide data were derived from independent data collection in general and psychiatric hospitals and prisons between 1995 and 1997. The corresponding suicide data were obtained electronically from the Central Statistics Office. RESULTS: Respectively, the annual person-based male, female and total European age-standardised rates were 128.9, 154.3 and 141.3 per 100,000 for parasuicide compared to 22.7, 5.5 and 14.1 per 100,000 for suicide. The parasuicide/suicide ratio varied markedly by age, gender, area and marital status. The majority of suicides were by hanging or drowning whereas drug overdose made up the vast majority of parasuicide acts. Parasuicide was largely a city phenomenon confined to the young of both genders whereas suicide was a significant problem for city and county men, especially young adult men. CONCLUSION: There are striking differences between the patterns of fatal and non-fatal suicidal behaviour in Ireland, which should be considered in prevention initiatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is it possible to predict limb viability in complex Gustilo IIIB and IIIC tibial fractures? A comparison of two predictive indices.

The patient with severe lower limb trauma presents a management dilemma; whether to amputate primarily or to attempt limb salvage. In recent years, many predictive indices have been published which purport to identify limbs which are non-viable. We retrospectively applied two recently described indices, the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) and the Limb Salvage Index (LSI), to 54 limbs in 50 patients with either Gustilo IIIB or IIIC complex tibial fractures. There were 22 amputations (40.7 per cent) in the series. The mean MESS score in the limb salvage group was 3.8 (range 2-10), and the mean MESS score in the amputation group was 7.7 (range 4-13) (P < 0.0001). The mean LSI score in the limb salvage group was 3.6 (range 3-8), and the mean LSI score in the amputation group was 6.9 (P < 0.01). However, in the group with MESS scores > 7 (which recommends amputation), there were three limbs which were salvaged with acceptable functional outcome. Similarly, in those with LSI scores > 6 (which recommends amputation), there were seven limbs successfully salvaged. A MESS > 7 offered a greater relative risk of amputation (9.2) than a LSI score > 6 (5.3). We found both indices of use in predicting limb salvage and functional outcome. However, neither is sufficiently accurate to be considered absolutely reliable in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between ferruginous bodies and uncoated asbestos fibers in lung tissue.

Tissue was obtained from two American groups. The tissue was defined by ferruginous body levels of either < or = 1000 or > 1000 ferruginous bodies/g dry weight, and tissue was evaluated by light microscopy and analyzed by analytical transmission electron microscopy. Tissue was bleach digested, and uncoated asbestos fibers were classified with respect to type and size. In addition, some ferruginous body cores were analyzed. There was a wide range of uncoated fibers associated with each ferruginous body. A relationship was found between amosite fibers and ferruginous bodies. Other asbestos types were not associated significantly with the development of ferruginous bodies. Uncoated crocidolite fibers were not detected in these samples; this result further emphasizes the under-appreciated exposure of Americans to amosite. The levels of ferruginous bodies in both groups suggest exposures above those expected in the general population. Uncoated chrysotile levels were below the ranges reported previously for some general populations. The data suggest that there is a wide variation in the ratio of uncoated to coated fibers and that the amphibole in the United States is more likely to be amosite than crocidolite.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microencapsulation and oxidative stability of spray-dried fish oil emulsions.

Emulsions of menhaden oil and sodium caseinate (NaCas) incorporating carbohydrates of varying dextrose equivalence (DE) were spray-dried to yield encapsulated fish oil powders. The effects of carbohydrate DE (5.5-38), core/wall ratio and NaCas/carbohydrate ratio on microencapsulation efficiency (ME) and oxidative stability of spray-dried emulsions were examined. The effect of alpha-tocopherol or Trolox C addition on the oxidative stability of herring oil emulsions and powders was also determined. ME of fish oil powders was greater than 90% in most cases. Peroxide value (PV) of menhaden oil powders decreased on increasing the DE of carbohydrates. PV of menhaden oil powders increased as core/wall ratio increased from 0.33-1.0. NaCas/DE 28 ratio did not affect PV values of powders. The addition of alpha-tocopherol or Trolox C decreased PV throughout the storage period; this effect was most pronounced for alpha-tocopherol added to the oil at a concentration of 100 ppm. Addition of alpha-tocopherol delays the onset of oxidation in stored fish oil powders.

Antioxidants↗