Tryptophan-trazodone treatment of aggressive behaviour.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M O'Neil
Publications and source records attributed to M O'Neil.
Clinical aspects of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas presenting with discordant histologic subtypes.
From July 1971 to December 1980, 323 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were randomized into prospective clinical trials at Stanford University Medical Center. Analysis of these cases revealed 30 patients (9.3% of the total) with disease of different histologic subtypes at separate anatomic sites (discordant lymphomas). On further analysis, 16 of these patients (4.8% of the total) were found to have disease of different histological and prognostic types. Recommendation is made that initial therapy be directed at the poor-prognosis component of these tumors. Relapses of both favorable prognostic types and unfavorable histologic types were seen, and further biopsy at the time of relapse is recommended in these cases.
Adult↗
Effect of protein depletion and repletion on liver structures, nitrogen content and serum proteins.
The data presented in this paper demonstrate that a liver which has been severely damaged by protein malnutrition can be restored to normal composition, anatomy and functional capability by central venous feeding. An atypical serum protein electrophoretic pattern characterizes protein malnutrition. TPN repletion restores all of the protein fractions back to normal except for the gamma globulin levels. Liver nitrogen is a very sensitive index of both protein malnutrition and TPN repletion. The liver is dramatically effected by protein malnutrition and its return toward normal can be achieved by TPN support as demonstrated in this paper.
Animals↗
Cardiac monitoring.
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Electrocardiography↗
Cardiac monitoring. Part II: detecting arrhythmias.
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Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
Empathy: a study of two types.
The time is long past for nurse researchers and educators to meet the challenge of scientific inquiry of those more abstract components of nursing that have been named the art of nursing and are now identified as dimensions of holistic nursing. C. Rinne (1987) stated that the art of nursing lies within the affective domain. Empathy is an important dimension of that domain and is focused on in the nursing literature. Nursing theorists prior to M. R. Alligood (1992) had not developed models that addressed empathy as more than a singular though multidimensional phenomenon. On the basis of a review of the literature in nursing and related disciplines, M. R. Alligood (1992) proposed two types of empathy: trained and basic. The purpose of this study was to examine (a) the differences between the two types of empathy, by evaluating scores from instruments that measured trained and basic empathy and (b) the endurance of empathy scores. Trained empathy was measured with the Layton Empathy Test, and basic empathy was measured with the Hogan Scale. Data were collected over time with 106 nursing students prior to, during, and after completion of a bachelor of science in nursing program at a large southeastern university. Analysis of the data confirmed the phenomenon of two types of empathy with differentiation in endurance that M. R. Alligood (1992) had proposed. The research results have implications for the way nursing educators prepare nurses. This study supports the finding that trained empathy is not sustained. The importance of measurement of students' baseline basic empathy is indicated. The practice of teaching empathy techniques is called into question, and new approaches to facilitate students' discovery of their basic empathy are indicated (M. R. Alligood, G. W. Evans, & D. L. Wilt, 1995).
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
Evaluating and validating very large knowledge-based systems.
Most knowledge-based systems for use in medicine have been developed in response to specific problems such as the diagnosis of abdominal or chest pain in an accident and emergency department, or the diagnosis and treatment of meningitis. There is a role for a general decision support system capable of answering queries about any aspect of medicine, particularly in primary care. However, evaluating such a knowledge base requires more elaborate methodology than a simple iterative test and refine cycle. At the design stage an adequate knowledge base structure is required to allow focused modification of the knowledge base when errors are discovered. During the prolonged evaluation cycle the partially formed knowledge base must be tested with such techniques as validation checks for consistency and completeness and examination of characteristics of problem-solving procedures. Finally a variety of criteria that represent the performance, robustness, flexibility, predictability, validity, coverage, relevance and congruity of the knowledge base are needed for a full description of the system's worth. Two case studies from the Oxford System of Medicine project are provided as examples of this philosophy: validating specific medical facts and comparing two methods for aggregating reasoning for and against a decision option.
Artificial Intelligence↗
Cholinergic actions of metrizamide.
In a study of the possible mechanisms of the clinical side effects of metrizamide, it was applied to several in vitro model preparations. It was shown that, although high metrizamide concentrations are without noticeable effect on many basic neuronal functions, metrizamide does interfere with cholinergic mechanisms. At concentrations equivalent to, or significantly lower than, those probably achieved during clinical procedures, metrizamide is both an inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and an antagonist of cholinergic transmission. These data suggest the possibility that some of the side effects resulting from clinical procedures employing metrizamide may be explained by its actions on cholinergic synapses.
Acetylcholine↗