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Biomedical subjects

M O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to M O'Brien.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A clinical prototype for auditory memory span.

An initial examination of an experimental test for auditory memory span was administered to 12 children (ages 5,6 to 7,0) with moderate to severe functional articulation problems. The experimental retention test (ERT), based on a minimal-pairs, distinctive feature paradigm, correlated significantly with three indices of articulatory performance: consonantal intelligibility, total sounds in error, and total number of misarticulations. Descriptive data are presented for clinical evaluation and further test development.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Burn rehabilitation-a team approach.

The team concept in the treatment of burned patients is an effective approach in caring for the physical, psychological, and social needs of the patient. Through the initiation of early rehabilitation services, long-term problems can be prevented and a quicker return to a meaningful life style is possible.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Home and hospital: a comparison of the experiences of mothers having home and hospital confinements.

A survey of women delivered in 24 different districts compared the patients' reports of their experiences of delivery in hospital with delivery at home.Among the findings were that labour lasted a significantly shorter time at home, significantly fewer women were left alone at home, and significantly fewer had episiotomies at home.Husbands played much more of a role at home and 76 per cent were present at the birth compared with 30 per cent in hospital.Of the mothers at home 57 per cent held their baby "as long as they wanted" compared with 29 per cent in hospital.These and other factors suggest that more needs to be done to improve the qualitative aspects of delivery in hospital and especially to promote warmer human relationships within the patient's family.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Initial clinical evaluation of the Hospal artificial kidney system.

A high flux artificial kidney system, which permits control over ultrafiltration, has been developed and patients are now being treated with it at a large outpatient kidney center. The basic operating characteristics have been described and some preliminary clinical results mentioned. Characteristics of the Hospital Artificial Kidney System are: 1. Higher clearances for middle molecules than conventional systems; 2. Adequate clearances for small solutes such as urea; 3. Predictable control of ultrafiltration with discrepancies between actual weight loss and theoretical weight loss on the order of 0.7 to 1.3 ml/min, when the system is operated in the designated manner.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Phagocytic potential of leukaemic B-lymphocytes.

Phagocytosis of small latex particles was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in a proportion of cells from B-lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia. It was not observed in a case of T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or in normal lymphocytes. A significant correlation was observed between the binding of latex to the lymphocyte surface and the degree of phagocytosis. It is suggested that the phagocytic activity of leukaemic B-lymphocytes is mediated through their Fc receptor and that this property may also be present in normal B-cells. Among mononuclear cells, therefore, phagocytosis can no longer be considered exclusively a property of monocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. An electron microscopy and cytochemial study.

Morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural electron microscopic (EM) studies were performed on blood and bone-marrow cells of case of Ph1-positive chronic ganulocytic leukaemia in megakaryocytic acute transformation. The entire leukaemic cell population was found to consist and of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes. Intermediate stages of maturation between blasts and micromegakaryocytes were observed at EM level.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pediatric nurse associates in a large official health agency: their education, training, productivity, and cost.

During 1974, 29 pediatric nurse associates and 15 pediatric nurse associate trainees worked in the child health care system of the New York City Department of Health. All of these nurse associates, formerly public health nurses from the Department of Health, were trained in a one-year, intensive, closely supervised didactic and clinical course. Within the child health units the nurse associates assumed clinical roles in the care of well and sick preschool children according to the written guidelines and protocols of the Department. In addition, they continued to function in the traditional role of the public health nurse for their own patients, rendering counseling, referral, and follow-up services as indicated. Physicians acted as consultants to the pediatric nurse associates. Comparisons are made between pediatric nurse associate-physician staff versus public health nurse-physician staff in terms of productivity and cost.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Controlled ultrafiltration (UF) with hemodialysis (HD): analysis of coupling between convective and diffusive mass transfer in a new HD-UF system.

A convertible and versatile dialysis system consisting of a PMMA hollow fiber unit and UFR controller is shown to be useful for evaluating the effect of solute and fluid removal rates on adequacy of dialysis. Post-dilution mode where high UFR is applied to the patient with matching or comparable dilution rate is concluded to be most effective modification for enhancing the clearance for "middle molecules", without sacrificing the removal rates for the small solutes.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1976

Efficacy of diet and exercise in the reduction of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in free-living adult males.

Young males with levels of serum cholesterol or triglyceride in the upper quartile of the distribution for volunteers tested, participated in a program designed to determine the effect of diet and exercise on serum lipids. Dietary modifications involved caloric restriction superimposed on either the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommendations for type II or IV hyperlipoproteinemia, as appropriate, or superimposed on a fat-controlled regimen in which fat of an unspecified nature was restricted to 30% of total calories. Participants with elevated levels of cholesterol responded significantly better when instructed in the diet meeting NIH criteria, 21% change in cholesterol, than when instructed in a diet controlled in fat, 11% change in cholesterol. For those with elevated levels of triglyceride, the NIH type IV diet was no more effective at the end of 6 months than the diet controlled in fat where caloric restriction was a part of both dietary regimens. The mean change in triglyceride for this group was 32%. Those with elevated levels of both cholesterol and triglyceride were less amenable to change than those with a single hyperlipidemia. For some diagnostic types, the results were suggestive of a beneficial effect of exercise in addition to diet in accelerating or maintaining reductions in serum lipids.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Modification of the regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase of Neurospora by growth at elevated temperatures.

Pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) was isolated from Neurospora crassa mycelium grown at 28 degrees C (PK-28) and at 42 degrees C (PK-42). The regulatory properties, particularly the response towards the allosteric effector fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), was different in the two enzymes. PK-28 showed an activation by FDP but PK-42, under comparable conditions, appeared to be activated by low concentrations of FDP and inhibited by higher ones. For PK-28, complex formation with FDP results in a lowering of the isoelectric point from 6.40 to 5.50, representing the pI of the unliganded enzyme and that of the complex, respectively. In contrast to this, PK-42 exhibits a weak binding to FDP as suggested by a lack of decrease in the isoelectric point on treatment with comparable concentrations of FDP. Studies with quenching of aromatic residue fluorescence of PK-28 and PK-42, following binding of FDP, indicate that although this ligand binds to both types of enzymes the affinity for the two is vastly different. Dissociation constants of 9.3 muM and 0.1 mM were calculated for the binding of FDP to PK-28 and PK-42, respectively. It is concluded that growth at elevated temperatures induced a conformational change in the pyruvate kinase leading to partial desensitization of the allosteric site. The nature of the factor(s) responsible for this change is not understood at present.

Allosteric Regulation↗