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Biomedical subjects

M O Husson

Publications and source records attributed to M O Husson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Resistance to cefotaxime and seven other beta-lactams in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: a 3-year survey in France.

During the second quarter each of 1988, 1989, and 1990, a French collaborative study group, including 12 university hospital laboratories, surveyed the resistance to beta-lactams of clinical isolates from hospitalized patients: consecutively, 10,641, 10,692, and 9,382 isolates were tested. The distribution of bacterial species over time was similar in each laboratory. The susceptibilities of microorganisms to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (ATM), and imipenem (IPM) were measured by the disk diffusion method in accordance with the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology. Five reference strains were included for quality control. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were detected by the synergistic effect of the combination of clavulanic acid-amoxicillin with CTX, CAZ, and ATM in the double-diffusion test. A synergistic effect with CTX, CAZ, and ATM was detected for 1.5% of all strains, mainly those of Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%). For this species, the synergy test enabled the detection of roughly 50% of the resistant strains misclassified as susceptible on the basis of interpretative standards. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases disseminated in 1990 in most enterobacterial species but at a low frequency. Important variations in the percentages of resistant strains were observed in terms of bacterial species, hospitals, and wards. However, when the total number of strains was considered, the percentages of resistance to newer beta-lactams remained low.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Rapid detection of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae by a monoclonal antibody.

Six monoclonal antibodies directed against enterobacteria were produced and characterized. The specificity of one of these antibodies (CX9/15; immunoglobulin G2a) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence against 259 enterobacterial strains and 125 other gram-negative bacteria. All of the enterobacteria were specifically recognized, the only exception being Erwinia chrysanthemi (one strain tested). Bacteria not belonging to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were not detected, except for Plesiomonas shigelloides (two strains tested), Aeromonas hydrophila (five strains tested), and Aeromonas sobria (one strain tested). This recognition spectrum strongly suggested that CX9/15 recognized the enterobacterial common antigen. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot (immunoblot) experiments, the six antienterobacteria antibodies presented similar specificities; they all revealed only one band with an apparent molecular weight of about 20,000 from the crude extract of an enterobacterium. The six monoclonal antibodies, and especially CX9/15, can be used to develop new tests for rapid and specific detection of enterobacteria.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stomach tissue by use of a monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against an acid glycine extract of Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504T. One of these appeared to be specific for H. pylori; it recognized all H. pylori isolates by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) but it did not cross-react with the other strains tested, including different species of the genera Helicobacter, Campylobacter, and Wolinella. Different strains of members of the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae or other gram-negative bacteria tested also gave negative reactions. Indirect immunofluorescence assay of antral biopsy specimens identified 54 of 56 infected patients (96.4%), and it may be able to detect nonviable organisms after antibiotic therapy.

Acridines↗
PubMed1991

Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG levels in abattoir workers.

The aim of our study was to detect antibodies against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in abattoir workers whose activity was variable (pig, poultry-carcasses, poultry-intestinal organs treatment). An adsorption of all sera with H. pylori and Campylobacter species known to be ubiquitous and responsible for zoonosis was included in the ELISA reaction to eliminate possible cross-reactions between these species. Statistically higher specific titres of IgG antibodies against H. pylori were observed in men and women who had only worked for 1 or 2 years versus matched controls, indicating a possible transmission of H. pylori from animal to man. The role of poultry or pigs as contaminants alone or in association remains to be determined.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1989

Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against alkaline phosphatase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Monoclonal antibodies against the alkaline phosphatase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were produced from spleen cells of BALB/c mice primed with purified alkaline phosphatase of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and SP20/Ag-14 myeloma cells. The eight stable clones established produced antibodies that reacted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and indirect immunofluorescence assays with all bacterial strains of P. aeruginosa, including the 17 serotypes and two nontypable strains. Three of the clones cross-reacted only with some Pseudomonas species of the rRNA homology group I defined by N. J. Palleroni (in N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt, ed., Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 8th ed., p. 140-218, 1984). The other clones also interacted with other species, including Pseudomonas acidovorans and Xanthomonas maltophilia. Because other species of the genera Aeromonas and Acinetobacter and species of the family Enterobacteriaceae were not detected by these monoclonal antibodies, the antibodies could be used as reagents for routine detection of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens. Interactions of the antibodies with other Pseudomonas species such as P. fluorescens and P. stutzeri are not important, since these species are susceptible to the same antipseudomonal agents.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Alkaline phosphatase capture test for the rapid identification of Escherichia coli and Shigella species based on a specific monoclonal antibody.

A specific monoclonal antibody for Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. alkaline phosphatase was used in an immunocapture assay and allowed identification of E. coli either in culture isolates or directly in clinical specimens. The assay was easy and required only four steps: (i) alkaline phosphatase was released within 10 min by using a gentle lysis procedure, (ii) cell lysates were transferred to antibody-coated tubes for 45 min, (iii) p-nitrophenyl phosphate substrate was added, and (iv) alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in a microsample spectrophotometer at 410 nm. This immunocapture assay was highly specific: only one false-positive reaction was observed with a Klebsiella pneumoniae lysate among the 205 non-E. coli strains tested. The assay was sensitive, detecting 10(7) CFU/ml from culture isolates or 10(5) CFU/ml from urine specimens which had first been grown in phosphate-limiting medium for 2 h. At these bacterial concentrations, the percentages of detected E. coli were high: 91% for blood cultures, 95.4% for culture isolates, and 96.8% for urine specimens.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in cirrhotic patients with or without ascites].

Pharmacokinetic values of cefotaxime were measured in 12 cirrhotic male patients (6 without ascites and 6 with ascites) after intravenous injection of a single 2 gram dose of the antibiotic. In patients without ascites elimination of the drug was about the same as in normal subjects or control patients, although clearance was increased. In patients with ascites, the drug elimination half-life was significantly more prolonged (7.5 +/- 3.9 h versus 1.3 +/- 0.4 h, P less than 0.01) and the drug clearance was significantly lower (193.6 +/- 92.4 ml/min versus 475.8 +/- 152.2 ml/min, P less than 0.01) than in the other group. The accumulation of cefotaxime in these patients produced concentration in the ascites fluid that were above the critical therapeutic values for about 20 hours.

Ascites↗
PubMed1988

[A method of bacterial count by epifluorescence with acridine orange. Application to skin biopsies performed in burnt patients].

Acridine orange was used for staining and counting micro-organisms obtained from 136 skin biopsies performed in burned patients. The number of organisms per gram of tissue was compared to the number of colony-forming-units (CFU) calculated from cultures of the same biopsies. The staining method was positive in 97 per cent of septic samples, and in 25 per cent of these it proved more sensitive than bacterial cultures, with a 100 to 1000-fold greater number of pathogens detected. Acridine orange also demonstrated bacteria in 69 biopsies which remained sterile after culture. In some cases, the same bacterial species was found in other samples taken a few days later.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1988

Susceptibilities to antibiotics and antiseptics of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

One hundred and sixty-nine strains of new species of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated mainly from the environment, were tested to determine their susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics and 4 antiseptics or disinfectants. All the species were susceptible to aminoglycosides, doxycycline, and trimethoprim but were resistant to chloramphenicol. Susceptibility to beta-lactams varied more among the strains. However, all the strains were cefotaxime susceptible, apart from some Buttiauxella agrestis strains for which MICs were greater than 256 micrograms/ml. The antiseptic MBCs were similar to those published elsewhere for species of the Enterobacteriaceae of clinical origin. No resistance to chlorhexidine was observed. On the other hand, the environmental strains presented a greater resistance to active chlorine than did the reference strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of autoscan-4 for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

A study was performed to compare the Autoscan-4 (MicroScan, Inc., Mahwah, N.J.) with conventional biochemical methods for identifying clinical isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The Autoscan-4 yielded correct identification of 95.4% of the isolates at the species level and 98.4% at the genus level. Only one misidentification was observed. The identification of both common and less-common isolates of Enterobacteriaceae makes this system highly efficient.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1986

Antimicrobial activity of cefotiam combinations against Enterobacteriaceae moderately susceptible or resistant to this new cephalosporin.

The interaction of cefotiam with each of the four aminoglycosides gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin were studied by the broth microdilution method ("checkerboard" technique) against 36 strains of Enterobacteriaceae chosen for their moderate susceptibility (MIC: 4-32 mg/l) or resistance (MIC: 64-512 mg/l) to cefotiam. A high rate of synergistic combinations was found with all the aminoglycosides: 81% with gentamicin, 76% with amikacin, 67% with tobramycin and netilmicin. The therapeutic value of these interactions appeared excellent.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of pefloxacin.

A broth dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations of pefloxacin, a new quinolone derivative. Because this new agent could be used in systemic infections, mezlocillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amikacin were used as comparative agents. Pefloxacin was found to be more active than mezlocillin and as active as or more active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime and amikacin. With the exception of Serratia marcescens, only 7% of Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to pefloxacin with a MIC greater than 8 micrograms/ml. Pefloxacin was also found to be the best agent against the non-fermenters Staphylococcus aureus and St. epidermidis. Resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and gentamicin did not affect the effectiveness of pefloxacin. However, pefloxacin appeared more susceptible to nalidixic acid resistance, with MICs four to sixfold higher.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1986

[Bronchial diffusion of ceftriaxone].

The value of a single daily injection of 2 g ceftriaxone in lower respiratory tract superinfections was demonstrated in 22 patients in a neurosurgical intensive care unit. Catheter bronchial samples were submitted to bacteriological investigation and ceftriaxone concentrations were determined in serum and bronchial secretions. Results show that sustained efficient levels of ceftriaxone were achieved and enabled the successful treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to susceptible pathogens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against non-fermenters.

The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone-carboxylic acid derivative, was compared with those of carbenicillin, azlocillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, tobramycin and amikacin against 187 non-fermenters. Only one of the 131 strains of Pseudomonas spp. was not inhibited by 1 mg/l of ciprofloxacin, while these isolates appeared highly resistant to carbenicillin, azlocillin and cefsulodin. Ciprofloxacin was also the best agent against Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with MIC90's respectively of 0.5, 4 and 8 mg/l. This new compound appeared bactericidal, and we found a small or no inoculum effect with ciprofloxacin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Ofloxacin: antibacterial activity, induction of resistance and killing curves.

The antibacterial activity of ofloxacin was compared to that of nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and against various strains. This new quinolone was about 100 times more active than nalidixic acid, and pipemidic acid and generally 2 to 4 fold more active than norfloxacin and pefloxacin except against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The increase of resistance to ofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin seems to plateau, usually at about 16 times the initial MIC. The bactericidal activity of ofloxacin also appeared quickly and more rapidly than that of norfloxacin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[In vitro study of the synergistic effect of cefotiam- aminoglycoside combinations on strains of low susceptibility to this cephalosporin].

Antibacterial activity of cefotiam associated with gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, or amikacin against Enterobacteriaceae strains either moderately susceptible (MIC = 4 to 32 micrograms/ml, 14 strains) or resistant (MIC = 64 to 512 micrograms/ml, 22 strains) to cefotiam was studied using the checkerboard method. High rates of synergic associations (FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) were found, with variations according to the aminoglycoside: 65% for tobramycin and netilmicin, 76% for amikacin, and 81% for gentamicin. Activity of cefotiam is increased by the synergic effect of these associations: of the 36 strains tested, 83, 78 and 76% became susceptible to cefotiam (MIC less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) associated with tobramycin, netilmicin or gentamicin, and amikacin respectively.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1984

In vitro antibacterial activity of three new quinolone derivatives: rosoxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin.

The in vitro activities of rosoxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin against 480 bacterial strains were studied. MIC90s of norfloxacin and pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., E. cloacae, Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus sp., less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for C. freundii, Providencia sp., S. faecalis, and non fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while they were of 32 micrograms/ml for S. marcescens. Rosoxacin exhibited a lower activity with MIC90s 2 to 16 fold higher against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. Ninety per cent of isolates resistant to nalidixic-acid appeared susceptible to norfloxacin and pefloxacin with MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml.

4-Quinolones↗