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Biomedical subjects

M Notelovitz

Publications and source records attributed to M Notelovitz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on cardiorespiratory function, coagulation, and lipids in exercising young women: a preliminary report.

A study was undertaken to determine whether low-dose oral contraceptive usage would negate the beneficial effect of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid and lipoprotein levels, and coagulation. Twelve exercising women were randomly allocated to groups of either oral contraceptive users or non-oral contraceptive users. When compared with results in the control group, maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg1 X min1) decreased significantly in the oral contraceptive users during the 6-month period of observation. This was associated with an 8% decrease in both the oxygen uptake (2.34 to 2.17 L/min) and the oxygen pulse (12.1 +/- 3.2 to 11.2 +/- 2.2 ml/beat). The serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein/cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein subfractions 2a and 2b levels were not altered. A significant increase in plasminogen activity was found in the oral contraceptive users: values increased from a coherent time average of 3.8 +/- 0.5 U/ml at baseline to 5.7 +/- 0.7 U/ml at 6 months; values returned to baseline levels 1 month after stopping the oral contraceptives (coherent time average of 3.9 +/- 0.6 U/ml; p less than 0.0001). No other significant changes were noted in the coagulation and anticoagulation factors studied. Low-dose oral contraceptive usage is associated with a decrease in functional aerobic capacity, but it does not impinge on the hemostatic mechanism or lipid-lipoprotein metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Exercise, nutrition, and the coagulation effects of estrogen replacement on cardiovascular health.

Estrogen therapy has been used safely by millions of women. Yet, there will be a small minority of women in whom a venous or arterial thrombus will develop. Given the other benefits of estrogen replacement therapy, this risk is extremely small and can be reduced to a minuscule level by encouraging postmenopausal women to eat judiciously and well and to engage in a regular and meaningful exercise program.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Spine and femur density using dual-photon absorptiometry in US white women.

Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (n = 892) and femur (n = 634) was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry in normal white women from seven diverse locations. The same model commercial scanner with a 153Gd source was used in all locations (SD = 1.3% among locations). There was not an age-associated decrease of spinal BMD during young adulthood (20-40 years); the correlation of age and femoral BMD in this period was low but significant (r = -0.21). There was a narrow range of intra-population variation at all ages (10-12%). The cross-sectional data showed an average diminution of about 20% in the spine and 25% in the femur between 40 and 70 years of age, followed by a continued but slower, decrease of density in older women. Adjustment of values for height and weight was called for mainly at extremes of body size.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic and hormonal effects of 25-mg and 50-mg 17 beta-estradiol implants in surgically menopausal women.

A prospective study involving 12 surgically menopausal women was undertaken to determine whether 17 beta-estradiol pellets could maintain bone mineral content without inducing adverse cardiovascular side effects. Surgically menopausal women were randomly selected to have either 25-mg or 50-mg pellets implanted subcutaneously. The bone mineral content of the midshaft of the nondominant radius in the combined group--measured by single photon absorptiometry--increased by 1.8% over the two-year period of observation (P less than .03); the distal bone mineral content of the radius was maintained at 0.8% per annum. No adverse effects were noted in the coagulation profiles or in the coagulation inhibition and fibrinolysis assays of both groups. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were unaltered, but serum cholesterol values decreased during the six-month period of observation by 14 mg/dL (P less than .05) and 11 mg/dL in the 25- and 50-mg groups, respectively. Carbohydrate and insulin metabolism was unaffected, as was the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There were no significant intergroup differences in any of the parameters measured. The serum estradiol/estrone ratios of 1.45 and 1.59 reflected a physiologic estrogen milieu at the 25- and 50-mg dosages. Subcutaneous 17 beta-estradiol pellets can effectively maintain the bone mineral content of surgically menopausal women without inducing adverse cardiovascular side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cardiorespiratory fitness evaluation in climacteric women: comparison of two methods.

Middle-aged women are becoming increasingly interested in aerobic exercise. For exercise to be meaningful, training needs to be performed at 70% to 85% of VO2max for 20 minutes, three times weekly. The graded exercise test is the standard method used to determine maximum oxygen uptake, but this test is impractical for use in clinical practice. A cross-sectional study evaluated 163 women between 35 and 75 years of age by graded exercise test and compared the result with a matched group of 121 women tested by bicycle ergometer (predicted maximum oxygen uptake). Bicycle testing and the graded exercise test had a similar range of values; this was confirmed by 29 climacteric women performing both tests (r = 0.789). Menopausal status has no effect on cardiorespiratory fitness: the predicted maximum oxygen uptake of age-matched menstruating women was 27.4 +/- 6.3 ml/kg/min and that of nonmenstruating women was 25.3 +/- 4.2 ml/kg/min (p greater than 0.05). Bicycle ergometry can thus be used as a screen to determine the cardiorespiratory fitness status of climacteric women.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effects of low-dose oral contraceptives on coagulation and fibrinolysis in two high-risk populations: young female smokers and older premenopausal women.

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of a low-dose oral contraceptive on the coagulation and inhibitory system of coagulation in 22 young healthy women who smoke and in 15 nonsmoking healthy women between the ages of 34 and 41. Smokers showed statistically significant oral contraceptive-related procoagulant alterations in prothrombin time, thrombin time, and fibrinogen antigen. Antithrombin III antigen and activity were significantly reduced, whereas plasminogen antigen and activity were increased. Inhibitor and fibrinolytic activity was either unaffected or enhanced by oral contraceptives in women over the age of 34: antithrombin III activity was unchanged, plasminogen antigen and activity increased (p less than 0.0007), and alpha 2-antiplasmin was significantly reduced (p less than 0.07). Whereas usage of oral contraceptives in young smokers may initiate biochemical changes in favor of thrombogenesis, their usage in nonsmoking older women enhanced fibrinolysis and had a neutral effect on inhibition and a minimal procoagulant effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thiazide diuretics and bone mineral content in postmenopausal women.

This retrospective study of 54 postmenopausal women taking thiazide diuretics found that bone mineral measurements and bone fracture prevalence did not differ significantly from those of matched control subjects. Matching on the variables of type of menopause (surgical/nonsurgical), years postmenopausal, duration of estrogen therapy (if any), daily intake of dietary and supplemental calcium and vitamin D, and Quetelet index was done without knowledge of the bone mineral measurements. Bone mass was recorded as the bone mineral content and bone density of the distal and midshaft radius. Only fractures associated with osteoporosis (hip, rib, vertebrae, and wrist) were recorded. This study suggests that thiazide diuretics do not provide protection against osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Exercise, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory function in climacteric women.

Fifty healthy women between the ages of 40 and 65 participated in a 12-week program of exercise, discussion sessions, or both. Levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-2b were monitored at baseline and at six and 12 weeks. Cardiorespiratory function was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Women participating in the exercise groups had smaller increases in serum cholesterol (P less than .05) and greater increases in maximal oxygen consumption, time spent on a treadmill, and time required to attain 90% of maximal oxygen consumption (P less than .01) than the nonexercising women. No statistically significant differences were observed in levels of serum triglycerides, total HDL, or HDL-cholesterol fractions between nonexercising and exercising groups at either six or 12 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cardiorespiratory efficiency at submaximal work in young and middle-aged women.

Seventeen middle-aged women and 26 younger women were studied while walking at 3 mph and a 5% grade on a motorized treadmill. This was submaximal work for all subjects and is equivalent to the intensity of everyday activity. The middle-aged women had a significantly greater oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent, and heart rate, suggesting a relative cardiorespiratory inefficiency at this submaximal work intensity. This phenomenon is most likely a function of body size, however, since dividing the submaximal oxygen uptake by body weight rendered the mean difference between the two groups statistically insignificant. The age-associated reduction in cardiorespiratory efficiency at submaximal exercise is thus due primarily to weight gain rather than to actual systems degeneration. Maximal oxygen uptake, that associated with maximal physical effort, was significantly reduced in the older subjects, and this is probably due to a combination of previous life-style habits and aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of ethyl alcohol infusions on glucose and hormone status in ovine pregnancy.

Term pregnant ewes were given ethanol in dextrose water i.v. according to the usual 2-h loading dose recommended for premature labor. Glucose, insulin, cortisol, progestins, estrone and estradiol in maternal and fetal plasma were measured for 5 h. In both treated animals and controls (dextrose water only) there was reduction in maternal cortisol and a reduction followed by a rise in progesterone concentration. Mean concentration of insulin in maternal plasma across all sampling times was higher in ethanol treated animals.

Animals↗