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Biomedical subjects

M Nordberg

Publications and source records attributed to M Nordberg.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Listen up.

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Ambulances↗
PubMed1993

Activity of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes and concentration of selenium in plasma related to mercury exposure.

The activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in erythrocytes and concentration of selenium in plasma and mercury in whole blood, plasma, and urine were analyzed in 36 individuals occupationally exposed to mercury vapor, in 14 individuals with skin hypersensitivity to inorganic mercury, and in 17 individuals with subjective symptoms alleged to result from dental amalgam fillings. The control group consisted of 39 individuals with amalgam fillings, but no occupational exposure to mercury. Selenium in plasma was determined by GFAAS with Zeeman background correction. After exclusion of individuals with reported intake of selenium supplement the median plasma selenium concentration in the group with occupational exposure to mercury was 1.24 mumol/L, in the allergy group 1.22 mumol/L, in the amalgam group 1.25 mumol/L, and in the control group 1.22 mumol/L. The activities of catalase and GSH-Px were similar in all groups. However, in females lower GSH-Px activity was found in the amalgam group compared with females in the control group. GSH-Px activity in smokers was slightly lower than in non-smokers. No correlations were found between concentration of selenium or mercury in plasma and activity of glutathione peroxidase or catalase in erythrocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Modulation of calciuria by cadmium pretreatment in rats with cadmium-metallothionein-induced nephrotoxicity.

One group of male Wistar rats (Group B) was pretreated by a daily subcutaneous injection with CdCl2 during 5 days with increasing doses (0.5, 1, 1, 2 and 2 mg Cd/kg). Another group of rats (Group A) was daily given normal saline subcutaneously for 5 days. On the second day after the last injection, a single s.c. injection of 109Cd-metallothionein (CdMT, 0.4 mg Cd/kg) was given to each animal in both groups. Urinary calcium, protein, metallothionein (MT), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and gamma glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) were measured. In Group A, calciuria, proteinuria, metallothioneinuria and enzymuria was induced by CdMT. Calciuria reached a peak during 0-6 h after the administration of CdMT, thus appearing earlier than other effects. Enzymuria was displayed at 6-12 h for gamma-GT and 12-24 h for NAG. A prominent increase of proteinuria appeared at 24-48 h after the challenge of CdMT. In Group B, no significant increase of urinary calcium, protein, or NAG was observed after the CdMT injection and urinary gamma-GT was only slightly elevated, thus demonstrating the protective action of pretreatment. This study demonstrates for the first time that calciuria, one of the signs of cadmium nephrotoxicity, can be prevented by cadmium pretreatment. Urinary MT increased slightly during the 4-5 days of CdCl2 pretreatment. This is in accordance with previous observations that cadmium pretreatment induces new synthesis of MT which is likely to constitute the background for the resistance to the CdMT challenge to the kidney.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1992

Individual differences in activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase studied in monozygotic twins discordant for smoking.

1. Cigarette smoke contains free radicals. The enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and catalase are important parts of the anti-oxidative protecting system. 2. Ten pairs of monozygotic twins, who were discordant for smoking, were analysed in order to determine their erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities and their plasma concentrations of selenium. 3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the difference in activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase was much less within pairs than between pairs, indicating a large individual variation due to genetic expression or shared environment and no major effect from smoking. 4. The plasma selenium levels of the investigated twins revealed sufficient intake of selenium to maintain maximal activity of GSH-px in erythrocytes. The mean +/- s.d. selenium concentration in plasma for smokers was 98 +/- 16 micrograms l-1 and for non-smokers 111 +/- 16 micrograms l-1. There was no correlation between plasma selenium and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Very low cadmium concentrations stimulate DNA synthesis and cell growth.

Uptake of cadmium into cultured cells and its effects on cell growth and DNA synthesis are measured over a range of Cd concentrations of seven orders of magnitude. Cd uptake is found to be proportional to the external Cd concentration and to incubation time over a very broad range of concentrations. At least 200 mmol cadmium per kg dry weight of cells can be accumulated in this way, leading to exhaustion of the major intracellular Cd binding sites before cell death. On the other hand, very low cadmium concentrations down to 100 pM stimulate cell growth and DNA synthesis significantly. Stimulation is found in all three mammalian cell types examined: namely L6J1, a rat permanent myoblast cell line, LLC-PK1 porcine renal epithelial cells, and a primary rat chondrocyte culture. Cd acts as a cofactor with serum in L6J1 cultures, but is stimulatory only in serum-free cultures of chondrocytes. Stimulation occurs at Cd concentrations too low to result in a measurable induction of metallothionein. This might implicate the action of response amplifiers in the chain of events leading to Cd-stimulated DNA replication and cell growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Killings in Killeen.

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Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMed1992

Young guns.

Violence-related penetrating trauma in pediatric patients was a rarity years ago, but EMS providers are seeing a rapidly increasing incidence of gunshot wounds.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

In harm's way.

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Community-Institutional Relations↗