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Biomedical subjects

M Nomoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Nomoto.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Histologic studies on the hepatic lesions induced by graft-versus-host reaction in MHC class II disparate hosts compared with primary biliary cirrhosis.

By light and electron microscopic examinations, histologic changes in the liver of mice with graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) were analyzed. To induce GVHR, C57BL/6 (B6) spleen cells were injected into (B6Xbm1)F1, (B6Xbm12)F1, and (bm1Xbm12)F1 mice. In (B6Xbm12)F1 recipient mice, bile duct changes resembling chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) and a formation of epithelioid granulomas were observed during the course of GVHR. An epithelioid granuloma in the liver of (B6Xbm1)F1 or (bm1.Xbm12)F1 recipients was not detected. By electron microscopy, the bile duct epithelia were seen to be in close contact with infiltrating cells, and marked alterations of their cytoplasm and microvilli were demonstrated; ie, vacuolation of the cytoplasm, deterioration of microvilli, and bleb formation were frequently observed in the liver of class II-disparate hosts. Concerning the basement membrane, no marked changes characteristic of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), such as many-layered basement membranes containing osmium positive substance, were detected. Because the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-disparate system was used in our experimental system in the GVHR, the antigen expressed on the bile duct might be a target and be associated with the formation of the initial hepatic lesions in PBC such as CNSDC and epithelioid granuloma formation. Thus, GVHR across the MHC class II antigen is believed to play an important role in the development of PBC.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The D1 agonist SKF 38393 inhibits the antiparkinsonian activity of the D2 agonist LY 171555 in the MPTP-treated marmoset.

Administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to common marmosets induced persistent motor deficits. Administration of the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (2.5-20 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a dose-dependent increase of this akinesia. Administration of the D2 agonist LY 171555 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the motor deficits induced by MPTP treatment. Pretreatment of animals with SKF 38393 (2.5-20 mg/kg, i.p.) caused dose-dependent inhibition of the anti-parkinsonian action of LY 171555 (0.3 mg/kg i.p.). In primates SKF 38393 does not reverse motor deficits induced by MPTP and inhibits the actions of a D2-agonist.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1988

The fucosylation index of alpha-fetoprotein and its usefulness in the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The serum concentration and degree of fucosylation (fucosylation index) of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were determined in serum samples from 258 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 114 patients with benign liver diseases. When the serum AFP concentration was below 1000 ng/ml, it could not be used as a measure to distinguish between HCC and benign liver diseases. However, the fucosylation index of AFP proved useful for such a purpose. The sensitivity of the analysis using the fucosylation index in total patients with HCC was 69%; the specificity was 96% in benign liver diseases, and the accuracy of this test was 77%. When HCC patients who were grouped according to tumor size (5 cm, 3 cm, and 2 cm in diameter) were analyzed, they all had a fucosylation index significantly higher than that in benign liver disease patients. The mean fucosylation index in 28 patients with a serum AFP concentration below 1000 ng/ml and a tumor diameter less than 3 cm was 26 +/- 30%. Corresponding values for 16 patients with an AFP concentration below 400 ng/ml and a tumor size less than 3 cm and for 8 patients with a concentration below 400 ng/ml and a tumor size less than 2 cm were 32 +/- 31% and 27 +/- 27%, respectively. These values were higher, with statistical significance, than those in patients with benign liver diseases. These data indicate that the measurement of the fucosylation index of AFP is useful for the early diagnosis of HCC.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1988

Hepatic lesions induced by graft-versus-host reaction across MHC class II antigens: an implication for animal model of primary biliary cirrhosis.

To induce graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR), C57B1/6 (B6) spleen cells were injected into (B6 x bm1)F1, (B6 x bm12)F1, and (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. Since the strains bm1 and bm12 are mutant at the H-2Kb and I-Ab regions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), respectively, we can assess MHC class I- or class II-different GVHR. As reported earlier, immunological perturbations assessed by the number of immunoglobulin-producing cells and immune complex deposition in renal glomeruli were demonstrated in MHC class II-different GVHR. A conspicuous finding in this report is that epithelioid granuloma formation was observed in the portal area and around the central vein of liver of (B6 x bm12)F1 mice injected with B6 spleen cells. The epithelioid granuloma formation was not observed in (B6 x bm1)F1 nor (bm1 x bm12)F1 recipient mice. Degenerative changes resembling chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis in primary biliary cirrhosis were also observed in the bile duct epithelium in (B6 x bm12)F1 and (bm1 x bm12)F1 mice. These lesions were already obvious at the 2 week postinjection of donor cells and were continuously observed up to 10 weeks when immunological perturbations subsided. Thus, class II-disparate GVHR in this experimental system might provide a novel animal model of protracted disease, primary biliary cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Levels of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, substance P and cholecystokinin in the brain of the common marmoset following long term 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine treatment.

Common marmosets were treated daily with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 7-9 mg/kg i.p.) for 25 days, and then kept out of drug for three months before biochemical measurements in various brain areas. This treatment induced a dramatic fall (-80%) in dopamine, homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the putamen and caudate nucleus, and a significant but less pronounced reduction (less than or equal to 50%) in the levels of these compounds in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, the concentrations of four neuropeptides: met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, substance P, and cholecystokinin, remained unaltered in all brain areas examined in MPTP-treated marmosets. Therefore the neuropeptide alterations previously reported in Parkinson's disease are probably not secondary to the severe lesion of dopaminergic neurones, but constitute another intrinsic feature of the disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1988

Cytochemical demonstration of actin filaments in myoepithelial cells of the human parotid gland.

Ultrastructurally, myoepithelial cells were shown to contain numerous fine filaments in their cytoplasm and resembled smooth muscle cells. The myoepithelial cell of the salivary gland has been considered to play an important role in the secretion of saliva. The present study showed that all the thin filaments (actin filaments) in the myoepithelial cell of the human parotid gland bound heavy meromyosin (HMM) and formed characteristic arrowhead structures. These filaments ran in two opposite directions with the poles at different ends. On the other hand, there was no binding of HMM with thicker filaments (10-nm filaments), plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, collagen fibrils, basement membrane or other cytoplasmic organelles. The present results strongly suggest that myoepithelial cells possess a contractile function parallel to the long axis of the cell for supporting the secretion of saliva in the parotid gland.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1988

Clinical evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization and one-shot chemotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The therapeutic effect and the prognosis of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and one-shot chemotherapy were studied in 90 cases of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A therapeutic effect, which was assessed by the serum concentration of alpha-fetoprotein, angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography, was seen in 33 (83%) out of 40 cases treated with TAE, and in 16 (32%) out of 50 cases treated with one-shot chemotherapy. In the cases that received TAE, the cumulative percentage survival rates at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months were 75%, 48% and 20%, respectively. In contrast, the survival rates in the cases that received one-shot chemotherapy were 30%, 10% and 2%, respectively. In addition, the prognosis on the basis of the degree of tumor invasion of the portal vein was studied. In cases with the same degree of tumor invasion, the survival rate of the cases treated with TAE was significantly higher than that of those treated with one-shot chemo-therapy, except for those cases with tumor invasion of the main portal vein. These results show that TAE should be performed as the therapy of first choice in unresectable cases of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of two types of histone H2B genes from macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila.

Two histone H2B gene clones were isolated from macronuclei of Tetrahymena thermophila. Nucleotide sequences of the two clones were highly homologous within the coding region but not in the noncoding region. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences between the two clones showed three differences in a total of 121 amino acids. Each of the two clones contained a TAA triplet within the coding region, which appeared to code for a glutamine residue. To demonstrate the existence of histone mRNA containing UAA triplet, nuclease P1 protection mapping using total cellular RNA and nucleotide sequencing of primer extension products were carried out. The results clearly indicated that two cloned histone H2B genes were transcribed, giving rise to the major histone H2B mRNAs with a UAA triplet sequence in frame. The tentative 5'- and 3'-ends of histone H2B mRNAs were determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Antiparkinsonian activity of (+)-PHNO in the MPTP-treated common marmoset.

Administration of MPTP (1-4 mg/kg ip daily for 5-7 days) to common marmosets induced persistent parkinsonian motor deficits. The subcutaneous administration of (+)-PHNO [(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine; 1-4 micrograms/kg] caused a dose-dependent reversal of the akinesia and incoordination of movement. Similarly, oral administration of (+)-PHNO (5-20 micrograms/kg) caused an equivalent reversal of the motor abnormalities. No dyskinetic phenomena were induced by (+)-PHNO on oral or subcutaneous administration. Oral or subcutaneous administration of (+)-PHNO to normal control marmosets also increased the usual repetoire of motor behaviour, but this was not as marked as in MPTP-treated animals. (+)-PHNO is a potent dopamine agonist drug of potential use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1987

Anticholinergic-induced chorea in the treatment of focal dystonia.

The occurrence of chorea, induced by trihexyphenidyl (benzhexol hydrochloride) during the treatment of five adult patients who had focal or segmental dystonia, is described. The dose at which chorea appeared ranged from 15 to 60 mg/day (mean 31.7 mg/day). All but one patient had developed common adverse effects of this drug (dry mouth, blurred vision, and confusion) at lower doses (mean 21.8 mg per day). There was an inverse relationship between the age of the patient and the dose of trihexyphenidyl at which chorea developed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Light and electron microscopic studies of localized laryngeal amyloidosis.

We performed light and electron microscopic studies in a case of localized supraglottic laryngeal amyloidosis involving a 55-year-old woman. Tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and alkaline Congo red with or without permanganate (KMnO4) treatment, and were also examined with peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemistry. Biopsy specimens from the epiglottis showed diffuse replacement of the subepithelial region by amyloid, which showed a typical green birefringence under polarized light. Tissue affinity for Congo red was persistent after the KMnO4 treatment. However, the tissue sections showed a positive reaction only to the anti-P component antibody. Electron microscopic studies revealed some disorders of the plasma cells, suggesting that these cells play an important role in focal production of amyloid fibrils.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1986

Alterations in motor behaviour produced by the isomers of 3-PPP in the MPTP-treated marmoset.

Alterations in motor activity induced by the isomers of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N,n-propylpiperidine (3-PPP) were studied in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated marmosets. In both normal and MPTP-treated animals motor activity was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by the administration of (-)-3-PPP. In control animals (+)-3-PPP caused biphasic changes in motor activity, namely suppression of activity in low doses but stimulation at higher doses. In contrast (-)-3-PPP only caused locomotor stimulation in MPTP-treated marmosets. (+)-3-PPP may potentially be of use as a post-synaptic dopamine agonist drug in Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1986

Meclofenoxate therapy in tardive dyskinesia: a preliminary report.

Tardive dyskinesia seems to occur as a result of diminished cholinergic and enhanced dopaminergic activity in the striatum. Meclofenoxate has been shown to increase cerebral cholinergic activity. To ameliorate the tardive dyskinesia, meclofenoxate was given orally, 600-1200 mg/day, for 6-12 weeks. The effects of the drug were evaluated by scoring the degree of involuntary movement. Among 11 subjects with tardive dyskinesia or dystonia, 4 improved markedly, 1 moderately, 2 slightly, and there was no improvement in 4. One patient with subacute oral dyskinesia, induced by administration of neuroleptics for 1 month, improved markedly. The possibility that meclofenoxate may be effective in dealing with dyskinesias that are induced by neuroleptics warrants further attention.

Administration, Oral↗