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Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Staging efficacy of breast cancer with sentinel lymphadenectomy.

Seventy-two patients underwent dye-guided or dye- and gamma probe-guided sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) followed by complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The results of imprint cytology, frozen sections, and permanent sections of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) were compared to each other and to the histologic findings in the nonsentinel nodes. The SLN was identified in 62 (88%) of 72 patients. Evaluation of the SLN on the permanent sections yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 95%, a sensitivity of 89%, and a specificity of 100%, although the reliability of SLN diagnosis using frozen sections or imprint cytology is limited. Therefore, it may be concluded that SLND with multiple sectioning and histopathologic examination of the SLNs can predict the presence or absence of axillary-node metastases in patients with breast cancer. However, further studies will be needed to investigate the value of SLND in respect to the long-term regional control and any possible detriment or benefit to survival, before it can replace routine ALND as the preferred staging operation for operable breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Structural requirements of para-alkylphenols to bind to estrogen receptor.

Octyl- and nonylphenols in the environment have been proposed to function as estrogens. To gain insight into their structural essentials in binding to the estrogen receptor, a series of phenols with saturated alkyl groups at the para position, HO-C6H4-CnH2n+1 (n = 0-12), were examined for their ability to displace [3H]17beta-estradiol in the recombinant human estrogen receptor, which was expressed in Sf9 cells using the vaculovirus expression system. All tested para-alkylphenols were found to bind fully to the estrogen receptors in a dose-dependent manner. The interaction of alkylphenols with the receptor became stronger with increase in the number of the alkyl carbons and the activity was maximized with n = 9 of nonylphenol. Phenol (n = 0) exhibited weak but full binding to the receptor, whereas anisole with a protected phenolic hydroxyl group was completely inactive. Also, alkanes such as n-octane, 2,2, 4-trimethylpentane corresponding to tert-octane, and n-nonane exhibited no binding. The results indicate that the binding of para-alkylphenols to the estrogen receptor is due to the effect of covalent bonding of two constituents of the phenol and alkyl groups, which correspond to the A-ring and hydrophobic moiety of the steroid structure, respectively. When alkylphenols were examined for their receptor binding conformation by 1H-NMR measurements and ab initio molecular orbital calculations, it was suggested that nonbranched alkyl groups are in an extended conformation, while branched alkyl groups are in a folded conformation. These results suggest that branched and nonbranched alkyl moieties of alkylphenols interact differently with the lipophilic ligand binding cavity of the estrogen receptor when compared to the binding of 17beta-estradiol.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1999

Necessity of repeat biopsies in men for suspected prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: The indications for repeat prostate needle biopsy in men whose initial biopsy results revealed no evidence of cancer are not defined. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 218 consecutive cases of men undergoing prostate biopsies for suspected cancer. Men in whom cancer was found on repeat biopsy were compared with others with regard to age, digital rectal examination, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, prostate volume, PSA density, PSA slope and the frequency of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) on initial prostate biopsy. RESULTS: Of the 114 cancers detected, 99 (87%) were diagnosed on initial biopsy and 15 (131%) were diagnosed on repeat biopsy. Mean PSA concentration and mean PSA density were significantly higher in patients with cancer on initial biopsy than on repeat biopsy (P<0.05), but they were similar among patients with and without cancer on repeat biopsy. The PSA slope showed a more progressive increase in patients with cancer on repeat biopsy than in those patients without cancer at 6 month intervals. Of the 218 patients undergoing prostate biopsy, seven (3.2%)) were identified with high grade PIN but without concurrent prostate cancer. Prostate cancers were detected in two of these seven patients (29%) on repeat biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PSA levels and PSA density did not provide useful predictive information about the indications of repeat biopsy. We conclude that men with a more progressive increase in PSA levels at 6 months intervals and high grade PIN on prostate needle biopsy should undergo repeat sampling to exclude missed cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic factors and relative risk for survival in N1-3 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis using Cox's hazard model.

The records of 136 patients with N1-3 oral squamous cell carcinoma treated by surgery were investigated retrospectively, with the aim of finding out which factors were predictive of survival on multivariate analysis. Four independent factors significantly influenced survival in the following order: pN stage; T stage; histological grade; and N stage. The most significant was pN stage, the five-year survival for patients with pN0 being 91% and for patients with pN1-3 41%. A further study was carried out on the 80 patients with pN1-3 to find out their prognostic factors for survival and the independent factors identified by multivariate analysis were T stage and presence or absence of extracapsular spread to metastatic lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intravenous bolus infusion of heparin for circulatory insufficiency after finger replantation.

When heparin 2,500 to 5,000 U was administered by intravenous bolus infusion to 13 fingers that had developed arterial thrombosis after replantation, complete survival was achieved in seven of 13 fingers. If fingers demonstrating partial necrosis were included, survival was obtained in 11 of 13 fingers. In nine fingers in which survival was obtained and follow-up observation was possible, sensory recovery was favorable, and there was no limitation in the use of the affected fingers, although mild atrophy of the pulp and nail deformity were noted in fingers with partial necrosis. Using a model of arterial thrombosis created in the carotid arteries of Sprague-Dawley rats, the authors investigated how the intravenous bolus infusion of heparin affected thrombolysis. During the early phase of arterial thrombosis when the thrombus is fragile, the intravenous bolus of heparin affected the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis, facilitating the thrombolytic process, and increasing the rate of recanalization of the occluded arteries. Since an intravenous bolus injection of heparin is an easy procedure, without the risk of any severe side effects, this method should be considered in such cases of arterial thrombosis, with attention paid to the general condition of the patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis involving both external and internal carotid arteries.

A 76-year-old woman with giant cell (temporal) arteritis was described; she presented with a one year history of headache and tinnitus. Histopathological findings from a superficial temporal artery showed arteritis with granulomatous changes. Bilateral carotid arteriograms demonstrated the stenoses of both internal carotid arteries as well as the narrowing of the superficial temporal arteries. Although we dermatologists rarely encounter the disease in daily clinical practice, it is of clinical importance to perform cerebral angiography in patients suspected of temporal arteritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of mitoxantrone, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil for node-positive breast cancer: phase II pilot study.

A phase II pilot study was carried out on 30 patients to ascertain the toxicity and efficacy of combination chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (NMF) in the adjuvant setting for axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. The NMF regimen was mitoxantrone 10 mg/m2, methotrexate 40 mg/m2, and 5-fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 administered i.v. on day 1, repeated every 3-4 weeks for 6 cycles. The median nadir WBC count was 2,000/microl; grade 4 leukocytopenia occurred only in 1 patient. Nausea and vomiting appeared as grade 0 and 1 severity in 26/30 patients. Alopecia was extremely mild, appeared as grade 0 and 1 in 29/30 patients. The overall and relapse-free survival rates were 67.8% and 68.4% at the 82-month follow-up, respectively. The overall survival rate in premenopausal patients was significantly better than that in postmenopausal patients (P<0.05). NMF is a well-tolerated combination regimen, suitable as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effect of thyrotropic hormone on apoptosis induced by actinomycin D in a functioning rat thyroid cell line.

Apoptosis appears to play important roles in physiological and pathological processes in the endocrine system including the thyroid, but little is known about the regulation of apoptosis in the thyroid. The functioning rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5), a cloned cell line of differentiated thyroid cells, hardly undergoes apoptosis. In this study we examined the factors which prevent FRTL-5 cells from undergoing apoptosis. After culturing FRTL-5 cells in medium with and without TSH, actinomycin D (AMD) or cycloheximide (CHX) was added. CHX did not induce apoptosis. AMD induced apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells cultured in medium lacking TSH, as confirmed by the presence of DNA fragmentation, together with nuclear fragmentation and condensation, but AMD did not induce apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells cultured in the presence of TSH. Furthermore, the fact that AMD did not induce apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells cultured with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP), or forskolin suggests that TSH has an inhibitory effect on apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells via the TSH-cAMP pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy: clinical study of mutual influence, clinical course and treatment].

We studied the clinical courses of 70 pregnancies in 47 women with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 18 pregnancies in 12 women with Crohn's disease (CD) retrospectively. We concluded as follows. 1. Pregnancy has less influence on the course of UC. 2. The patients with UC who kept remission for more than 1 year before conception have less risk of relapse and severity during pregnancy. 3. The patients with active UC at the time of conception tend to worsen during pregnancy. The patients whose onset of UC is during pregnancy tend to worsen. 4. UC has a little influence on the course of pregnancy except severe active disease. 5. It is not obtained that pregnancy becomes a relapsing factor of CD. 6. CD during pregnancy has little influences on the course of pregnancy, if it is remitted. 7. Salazosulfapyridine and corticosteroids therapy has less influence on the fetus and the course of pregnancy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic significance of allelic imbalances on chromosome 9p in stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomes 2q, 9p, 18q, and 22q frequently occurs in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The association of p53 mutations with prognosis is still unclear in NSCLC. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic significance of allelic imbalances (AI) on these chromosomes and p53 mutations in 108 cases of stage I NSCLC by PCR amplification of polymorphic dinucleotide repeat-containing sequences and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. AI on 2q, 9p, 18q, and 22q was detected in 22, 38, 29, and 15% of cases, respectively, whereas p53 was mutated in 41% of stage I NSCLC. AI on 9p and 22q and p53 mutations were significantly associated with shortened survival of the patients (P = 0.010, 0.024, and 0.022, respectively). Although gender and smoking history showed more significant associations with prognosis than other clinicopathological and molecular parameters, independent prognostic significance for AI on 9p was observed (P = 0.002) in male patients with a positive smoking history. These results indicate that clinical aggressiveness of early-stage NSCLC can be partly defined by the presence of AI on chromosome 9p in cancer cells, and that AI on 9p could be a clinically useful prognostic indicator for early-stage NSCLC patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical studies of oral antiemetic drugs on delayed emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy].

The effects of oral antiemetic drugs on delayed emesis induced by emetogenic chemotherapy were studied in seventeen patients (43 courses) with gynecological malignancies. On day 1, all patients received intravenous granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) and methylprednisolone (250 mg/body) for the control of acute emesis 0-24 hrs after receiving CDDP or CBDCA. Then they received each oral maintenance drug (dexamethasone 4 mg/day, ondansetron 4 mg/day and metoclopramide 40 mg/day) for the control of delayed emesis from day 2 to day 5. Efficacy rates for delayed emesis were 82.4% in dexamethasone, 75.0% in metoclopramide and 50.0% in ondansetron. The complete response for delayed nausea was 88.5% in metoclopram ide, and the complete response for delayed anorexia of 64.7% in dexamethasone was higher than for other oral drugs. The results suggest the usefulness of oral antiemetic therapy of dexamethasone plus metoclopramide or ondansetron for delayed emesis induced by cancer therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Kinetic isotope effects of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating mono-oxygenase reaction.

Many bioactive polypeptides or neuropeptides possess a C-terminal alpha-amide group as a critical determinant for their optimal bioactivities. The amide functions are introduced by the sequential actions of peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating mono-oxygenase (PHM; EC 1.14.17.3) and peptidylamidoglycollate lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.2.5) from their glycine-extended precursors. In the present study we examined the kinetic isotope effects of the frog PHM reaction by competitive and non-competitive approaches. In the competitive approach we employed the double-label tracer method with D-Tyr-[U-14C]Val-Gly, D-Tyr-[3,4-3H]Val-[2,2-2H2]-Gly, and D-Tyr-Val-(R,S)[2-3H]Gly as substrates, and we determined the deuterium and tritium effects on Vmax/Km as 1.625+/-0.041 (mean+/-S. D.) and 2.71+/-0.16 (mean+/-S.D.), respectively. The intrinsic deuterium isotope effect (Dk) on the glycine hydroxylation reaction was estimated to be 6.5-10.0 (mean 8.1) by the method of Northrop [Northrop (1975) Biochemistry 14, 2644-2651]. In the non-competitive approach with N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine as a reductant, however, the deuterium effect on Vmax (DV) was approximately unity, although the deuterium effect on Vmax/Km (DV/K) was comparable to that obtained by the competitive approach. These results indicated that DV was completely masked by the presence of one or more steps much slower than the glycine hydroxylation step and that DV/K was diminished from Dk by a large forward commitment to catalysis. The addition of PAL, however, increased the apparent DV from 1.0 to 1.2, implying that the product release step was greatly accelerated by PAL. These results suggest that the product release is rate-limiting in the overall PHM reaction. The large Dk indicated that the glycine hydroxylation catalysed by PHM might proceed in a stepwise mechanism similar to that proposed for the dopamine beta-hydroxylase reaction [Miller and Klinman (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3091-3096].

Deuterium↗
PubMed1998

Dye-Guided Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Clinically Node-Negative and Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymphadenectomy has been used to assess the axillary nodal status in patients with breast cancer in an attempt to avoid unnecessary axillary dissection. Most studies have examined the utility of this procedure in clinically node-negative patients. However, the clinical evaluation of axillary nodes is often inaccurate for both clinically node-negative and clinically node-positive patients. METHODS: We performed dye-guided sentinel lymphadenectomy in both clinically node-negative and clinically node-positive patients with breast cancer. All patients also underwent a formal axillary dissection. The results of imprint cytology, frozen sections, and permanent sections of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) werecompared with each other and with histologic findings of the nonsentinel nodes. RESULTS: The SLN was identified in 30 (79%) of 38 patients with clinically negative nodes, and in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with clinically positive nodes. Forclinically node-negative patients, SLN evaluation yielded a diagnostic accuracyof 90%, a sensitivitiy of 72%, and a specificity of 100%. For clinically node-positive patients, these values were 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively. These values were not significantly different for the two groups of patients. CONCLUSION: Sentinel lymphadenectomy may be useful in assessing the axillarynodal status of both clinically node-positive and clinically node-negative breast cancer patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on the water soluble form of rat heme oxygenase-1 in complex with heme.

The water-soluble portion of rat heme oxygenase-1 which lacks 22 hydrophobic amino-acid residues at the C-terminus was expressed in E. coli and crystallized in the form of a complex with heme by the vapor-diffusion method using polyethylene glycol 4000 as the precipitant. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P41212 or P43212, with unit-cell dimensions of a = b = 56.7, c = 186. 7 A. The crystal contains one heme-heme oxygenase-1 complex in an asymmetric unit and diffracts X-rays beyond 3.0 A resolution with a conventional X-ray source.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A novel tumor suppressor locus on chromosome 18q involved in the development of human lung cancer.

The high incidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 18q in advanced non-small cell lung carcinomas indicates the presence of tumor suppressor gene(s) on this chromosome arm, which plays an important role in the acquisition of malignant phenotypes in lung cancers. In the present study, we examined 62 lung cancer specimens and 54 lung cancer cell lines for allelic imbalance at 11 microsatellite loci to define common regions of 18q deletions. Allelic imbalance of 18q was detected in 24 (55.8%) non-small cell lung carcinoma specimens and in 6 (31.6%) small cell lung carcinoma specimens, whereas a similar frequency of LOH was statistically inferred to occur in cell lines by analyzing marker homozygosity as an indirect measure of LOH. Five specimens and 11 cell lines showed partial or interstitial deletions of chromosome 18q, and 2 of them had homozygous deletions at the 18q21.1 region. A commonly deleted region was assigned between the D18S46 and y953G12R loci. The size of this region is less than 1 Mb, and the coding exons of three candidate tumor suppressor genes, Smad2, Smad4, and DCC, were mapped outside the region. This result suggests that the common region harbors a novel tumor suppressor gene involved in the progression of lung cancer.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung↗
PubMed1998

Expanding the Role of Breast-Cancerving Therapy Using Immediate Volume Replacement.

Preventing local recurrence and preserving cosmetic appearance are often in conflict in breast-conserving therapy. Immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue has been developed to allow a wider excision without compromising the aesthetic results. A review of the literature regarding immediate volume replacement in breast-conserving therapy has led to the following conclusions. When excision of the skin overlying the tumor is unnecessary, a transverse or lateral incision should be used which allows wide excision and immediate volume replacement with autogenous tissue while minimizing scar morbidity. The options for immediate volume replacement include the latissimus dorsi flap with adipose tissue, the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and the lateral thoracic adipose tissue flap. The choice of technique depends on the amount and position of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and breast tissue which must be excised. These procedures can be used to extend the indications for breast-conserving therapy, eliminating the need for mastectomy in selected patients. Future developments in the endoscopic harvesting of flaps may further expand the role of volume replacement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Breast Cancer: An Alternative to Routine Axillary Dissection.

We reviewed the literature concerning sentinel lymphadenectomy in breast cancer and reached the following conclusions: (a) A combination of lymphoscintigraphy and dye-guided and/or gamma probe-guided techniques are superior to either technique alone for identifying the sentinel lymph node. (b) lmmediate and reliable intraoperative information on the sentinel node is vital for the technique's success. However, the reliability of sentinel node diagnosis using frozen sections is questionable, because micrometastatic foci cannot be identified. (c) A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry for the detection of micrometastasis in the sentinel node. (d) Until there are new tumor markers or new imaging techniques to identify axillary metastasis without operative intervention, sentinel lymphadenectomy is a highly accurate, minimally invasive way to assess disease extent. Before sentinel lymphadenectomy gains general acceptance for patients with primary breast cancer, however, a large clinical trial will be essential to verify the value of this technology.

Journal Article↗