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Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Ca2+ ionophore and phorbol ester stimulate diacylglycerol formation and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis in rat parotid acinar cells.

We investigated the effects of A23187 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) on sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation and phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolysis in rat parotid acinar cells. Both A23187 and PDBu, in concentration ranges of 0.001-0.1 microM, stimulated DAG accumulation and PC hydrolysis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with A23187 and PDBu stimulated the release of [3H]choline and [3H]phosphocholine into the medium, indicating [3H]PC hydrolysis is due to the activation of phospholipases C and D; however, [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis was not indicated. These releases were unaffected by the addition of glucose 6-phosphate, a phosphatase inhibitor. Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, significantly inhibited the DAG accumulation and the PC hydrolysis stimulated by these agents. Combinations of A23187 and PDBu potentiated the stimulatory effect which each of these agents alone had on DAG accumulation and PC hydrolysis. This mode of action was additive but not synergistic. These results suggest that DAG accumulation induced by A23187 and PDBu is related to the PC hydrolysis mediated via the activation of phospholipases C and D, and that it is not related to phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

High incidence of nuclear accumulation of p53 protein in gastric cancer.

The accumulation of p53 protein in the nuclei of cancer cells is known to correlate well with the presence of mutations in the p53 gene. We therefore investigated the immunohistochemical reactivity of the anti-p53 antibody, PAb1801, in specimens taken from 149 cases of primary gastric cancer and processed by acetone fixation, in order to elucidate the incidence and clinicopathological significance of p53 alterations in gastric cancer. Thirty-four out of 99 (34%) advanced gastric cancers and 11 out of 50 (22%) early gastric cancers showed positive reactions in the nuclei. The nuclei of non-cancerous cells, including gastric glandular epithelial cells, however, were not stained. Histopathologically, a nuclear accumulation of p53 protein was seen frequently in papillary adenocarcinoma, well- to moderately-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with solid nests or focal tubular structures (43/101, 43%), but was rarely seen in signet-ring cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma or poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma growing in a scattered manner (2/48, 4%). There was no correlation between stainability of p53 protein and clinicopathological features such as depth of tumor invasion, microscopic lymphatic invasion, microscopic venous invasion, nodal involvement and clinicopathological stage in papillary adenocarcinoma, well- to moderately-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with solid nests or focal tubular structures. The results suggest papillary adenocarcinoma, well- to moderately-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with solid nests or focal tubular structures to share a common carcinogenetic pathway in which mutation of the p53 gene has an important role to play at a relatively early stage. Additionally, we showed the applicability of immunohistochemical detection of p53 protein in endoscopic biopsy material routinely formalin-fixed. The current method may be of some help in routine practice in discriminating between normal, precancerous and cancer cells in the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical and histological effects of preoperative chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue].

According to the effect of preoperative chemotherapy for tongue cancer, if the operation method is modified, the modality of treatment for tongue cancer will contribute to preserve the tongue in terms of function and aesthetics as well as improve the quality of life. A clinicopathologic study on 81 patients with tongue cancer was conducted to elucidate the relationship between clinical and histological effects of preoperative chemotherapy with a single agent and multiple-drug regimens, in order to determine the safe surgical margins in the resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Fifty patients were treated with bleomycin alone, sixteen with bleomycin and methotrexate and another fifteen with bleomycin, OK-432 and cisplatin. Multiple-drug regimens resulted in greater response rates than the single agent, but there was not always agreement in the relationship between the tumor regression rate and the histological effects of chemotherapy. The histological effects, including the residual aspects of the tumor cell population, were associated with the grade of histological malignancy according to the mode of tumor cell invasion, mitotic index of tumor cell, the tumor differentiation, the degree of stromal lymphocyte infiltration and cellular atypism. These data indicate that special consideration should be also given to the degree of histological malignancy for biopsied specimen, in addition to the tumor regression rate, in determining safe surgical margins and in the modality of treatment of tongue cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of high and low dietary fat and indomethacin on tumour growth, hormone receptor status and growth factor expression in DMBA-induced rat breast cancer.

The effects of high and low dietary fat (20% vs. 0.5% corn oil), and of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin (0.005% w/w), on tumour incidence, tumour growth, hormone-receptor status and growth-factor expression were examined in dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced rat breast cancer. The high dietary-fat group showed a significantly higher tumour incidence, larger tumour size and larger number of bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)-positive cells of tumours as compared with those in the low dietary-fat group. Indomethacin reduced tumour incidence significantly, but conversely increased the tumour size and the number of BrdU-positive cells in both the high and the low dietary-fat groups. No significant difference was noted in the hormone-receptor status of the tumours. Growth factors (TGF-alpha and IGF-II) were somewhat highly expressed in the high dietary-fat group as compared with the low dietary-fat group, but indomethacin rather reduced the growth-factor expression. It is concluded that high dietary fat stimulates tumour incidence and tumour proliferation, while indomethacin has dual effects: a stimulating effect on tumour proliferation, but an inhibiting effect on tumour incidence. It is also suggested that hormone-receptor status and growth-factor expression do not play an important role in their stimulating effects on tumour proliferation.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1992

[Cytomegaloviral interstitial pneumonia after autologous bone marrow transplantation in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplantation Team].

A 22-year-old man with T cell type acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The preparative regimen included cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation. His harvested bone marrow cells were purged with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. His serological test was positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) before the BMT. On day 53 after the BMT, he developed dry cough and his chest X-ray film showed bilateral basilar infiltration. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and cytology of the specimen revealed typical cytomegaloviral inclusion bodies. DNA analysis and viral culture of the specimen were also positive for CMV. The patient was started on ganciclovir and immunoglobulin with high dose methylprednisolone. His respiratory status deteriorated, however, and the patient expired because of respiratory failure. Autopsy revealed severe interstitial pneumonitis with suppression of CMV replication from the treatment. Interstitial pneumonitis due to CMV should be considered as a significant complication of autologous BMT.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical detection of cluster 1 small cell lung cancer antigen and chromogranin A in lung carcinomas.

Eighteen small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), 108 non-SCLCs (67 adenocarcinomas, 29 squamous cell carcinomas and 12 large cell carcinomas) were immunohistochemically examined for expressions of cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM and chromogranin A with monoclonal antibodies NCC-Lu-243 and anti-chromogranin A. The cell membranes of all the SCLCs and three of the 67 adenocarcinomas (4.5%) were stained for cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM. Eight of the 18 SCLCs (44.4%), and three of the 67 adenocarcinomas (4.5%) were stained for chromogranin A, but no squamous cell carcinoma or large cell carcinoma was stained for both antigens. Two of the three adenocarcinomas which expressed cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM had been suspected of being either SCLC or poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma cytologically, and were resected after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Histologically, they were poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with rosette-like tubules. The remaining one was moderately-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma resembling bronchial surface epithelial cells without mucin (BSE type adenocarcinoma). The three adenocarcinomas which expressed chromogranin A were well- to moderately-differentiated BSE type adenocarcinomas, and stained tumor cells were distributed sparsely as neuroendocrine cells in the normal bronchial mucosa. One of them also expressed cluster 1 SCLC antigen/N-CAM. In the present study, we demonstrated the usefulness of NCC-Lu-243 in the immunohistochemical detection of adenocarcinomas with neuroendocrine features.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

[Reconstruction of anterior cranial base and face with free musculocutaneous flap; report of two cases].

The treatment of extensive cranial base tumor is still challenging. Wide resection of a cranial base tumor would lead to exposure of the vital structures such as the brain and dura, and would result in a large dead space in the cranium and in the connecting area between the nasal cavity and the intracranial space. Recently free tissue transfer has become a reliable method in the field of reconstructive surgery. In the craniofacial region, free tissue transfer is useful to reconstruct a complicated defect. We report two cases where free latissimus dorsi M-C flap and rectus abdominis M-C flap were useful in reconstructing the defect following removal of an anterior cranial base tumor. We discuss the advantages.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Phorbol ester alters carbachol-stimulated diacylglycerol formation in parotid acinar cells through the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylcholine.

Incubation of rat parotid acinar cells with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) resulted in inhibition of carbachol-stimulated formation of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). PDBu pretreatment inhibited carbachol-induced turnover of phosphoinositides; this inhibition was indicated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown. This pretreatment also attenuated the effect of carbachol on inositol phosphate generation and phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. These results show that PDBu alters carbachol-stimulated DAG formation through the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and phosphatidylcholine.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An autonomously functioning thyroid carcinoma associated with euthyroid Graves' disease.

A 39-yr-old man with an autonomously functioning thyroid carcinoma is presented. Only 17 similar cases have been reported in the literature. The patient had unilateral Graves' ophthalmopathy. He was euthyroid as reflected by normal TSH concentration, whereas the results of a T3 suppression test established the presence of autonomous thyroid function. A thyroid scan with (123)I revealed a hot nodule corresponding to the location of a papillary carcinoma and remained substantially unchanged after T3 administration. The hyperfunction of the carcinoma itself was clearly confirmed by the intense concentration of (131)I within the tumor on microautoradiograms. While a hot nodule on radioiodine scan is unlikely to be malignant, the possibility of carcinoma should not be overlooked.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Prognostic significance of internal mammary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients].

Examination was made of clinical, histological and biological prognostic factors in 207 patients with invasive breast cancer, and determination was made as to whether variable prognostic factors, especially internal mammary lymph node metastases, would serve as a basis for the prognosis of breast cancer. In a univariate study, overall survival was significantly corrected with tumor size, axillary lymph node status, axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases and DNA ploidy status. In a multivariate study, however, only axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases were recognized as important, and independent prognostic factors on survival. Neither axillary lymph node status nor DNA ploidy status appeared an important prognostic factor. Axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases could not be predicted from their clinical assessment. Only axillary lymph node dissection and biopsy of first and second intercostal spaces were concluded to be useful for accurately indicating the status of these lymph nodes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The clinical significance of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) levels in ovarian cancer].

We measured the levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in 115 patients with gynecological malignancies (ovarian cancer 34, cervical cancer 34, endometrial cancer 47). These concentrations were compared to those in control groups of 15 patients with benign ovarian tumor. The levels of TAT and FDP were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer compared to the control group (both: p less than 0.01), and these levels were higher than in other gynecological malignancies. In stages I and II the positive rate of TAT and FDP (TAT greater than 3.0 ng/ml, FDP greater than 1.40 microgram/ml) in patients with ovarian cancer was higher than that in other gynecological malignancies. TAT and FDP were increased following cancer dissemination, and the recovery of coagulative and fibrinolytic factors (TAT, FDP) with effective treatment was correlated to the prognosis for patients with ovarian cancer. These levels had no correlation with the levels of CA125 and histological classification in patients with ovarian cancer. Accordingly, these results suggest that these changes in TAT and FDP may be useful, together with other clinical signs, in detecting early stage ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

The role of interferon gamma in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

To investigate the role of interferon gamma in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, we examined the interferon gamma levels of serum, supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated by phytohemagglutinin, and medium of organ culture of colonic mucosa in Crohn's disease. Serum interferon gamma levels in Crohn's disease, especially in active or non-resected Crohn's disease, were more elevated than those in normal subjects. In contrast, the production of interferon gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reduced in Crohn's disease. In some patients, interferon gamma levels of organ culture medium of colonic mucosal tissue specimens were elevated. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells were preincubated for 72 hours, interferon gamma production in Crohn's disease increased from 23.8% to 62.3% in comparison to levels in healthy controls. These results indicate that elevated serum interferon gamma in Crohn's disease may originate from the intestine, and interferon gamma may be related to the immune reaction and inflammation in the intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of transethmoidal encephalocele].

A case of a 3-year-old boy with transethmoidal encephalocele is presented. The patient was found to have bacterial meningitis, which responded well to an intravenous antibiotics therapy. No physical anomaly was evident on examination but plain skull X-ray film showed cloudiness of the left nasal antrum. Coronal CT scan disclosed a defect in the left cribriform plate and soft tissue mass in the left nasal cavity. MRI showed an anterior basal encephalocele protruding into the nasal cavity. Hypothalamic-pituitary system and the optic nerves appeared normal in the sagittal image. CSF rhinorrhea was confirmed by RI cisternography. An operation was performed transcranially. After a left frontal craniotomy, a unilateral bony defect in the cribriform plate and protrusion of the brain was observed subfrontally. The crista galli was intact. The herniated brain substance was transected and partially removed and the bony defect plugged by temporal muscle and covered by lyofirized dura. Microscopic examination of the herniated brain mass revealed gliosis and capillary proliferation. The patient recovered well and there has been no recurrence of CSF rhinorrhea or meningitis. Basal encephalocele is a very rare congenital anomaly. It is reported to constitute 1 to 10% of all encephaloceles. Incidence is estimated as 1 in every 35,000 to 40,000 live births. The anomaly is classified into two subtypes; transethmoidal (TE) and transsphenoidal (TS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative intravesical instillation of THP for superficial bladder tumor: clinical results of prophylactic effects on the recurrence. Fukushima THP Research Group].

Intravesical instillation of pirarubicin (THP) was performed on 66 patients with superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection to evaluate the prophylactic effect against tumor recurrence. Intravesical chemotherapy was carried out at the concentration of 20mg/40ml. THP was initially instilled three times for one week, following instillation of every two weeks for ten times, and then every one month for seven times. Bladder irritability was demonstrated 21 of 66 cases (31.8%). Although there was a case of contracted bladder, generalized side effect was no case. Eligible cases for evaluation of efficacy were 43 out of 66 patients. The non-recurrence rate (by Kaplan-Meier's method) at one and two years were 90.4% and 77.8%, respectively. Intravesical THP instillation seems to be effective for the purpose of prophylaxis against the recurrence of superficial bladder tumor.

Administration, Intravesical↗