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Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A review of 79 thymomas: modification of staging system and reappraisal of conventional division into invasive and non-invasive thymoma.

A clinicopathological study of surgically resected thymomas was performed using Masaoka's staging and modified Masaoka's staging systems, and the utility of these two staging systems was compared. The modification enabled adjustment for the disproportion in the number of cases between Stage I and Stage II. Analysis of survival rates, according to the tumor stage, indicated that the old classification should be reappraised, that is, division into non-invasive and invasive thymomas, although staging may contribute to the indication for postoperative radiotherapy, especially for Stage II disease. Analysis of the cases showed a wide spectrum of aggressiveness, varying from cases showing slow progression with a relatively favorable prognosis, such as the spindle cell type, to cases with rapid progression leading to tumor death in a relatively short time, such as the epithelial cell predominant and polygonal cell type. The pathological stage at the time of first surgical resection would reflect the degree of aggressiveness of thymoma in many instances. Therefore, not only staging the tumor extent but also grading of its aggressiveness are needed in order to predict the prognosis of patients with thymoma. For the latter, histology and cytopathology are helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The molecular basis of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency: the role of the interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain as a common gamma chain, gamma c.

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency is characterized by severe and persistent infections from early life resulting from profound impairment of both cellular and humoral immune function. XSCID is characterized by an absence or diminished number of T cells and histologic evidence of hypoplastic and abnormal differention of the thymic epithelium. The discovery that this disease results from the mutations of the IL-2R gamma chain was surprising since IL-2-deficient mice and human SCID patients had milder phenotypes. This led to the speculation that IL-2R gamma would prove to be a common gamma chain, gamma c, which would play important roles in other cytokine receptors in addition to the IL-2 receptor. There is now compelling evidence to support a role in at least two other cytokine receptors, namely the IL-4 and IL-7 receptors. Thus, with inactivation of gamma c, multiple cytokine systems are simultaneously affected, resulting in the profoundly impaired phenotype of XSCID. It is possible and even likely that gamma c will be found to be a functional component of additional receptors as well. These findings have resulted in a significant improvement in our understanding of the pathophysiologic development of the defects in XSCID and also have important ramifications for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis, carrier female identification, and gene therapy for XSCID.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The analgesic mechanism of processed Aconiti tuber: the involvement of descending inhibitory system.

Tsumura-shuchi-bushi-matsu (TJ-3021) is a processed Aconiti tuber which has a potent antinociceptive action. The present study was undertaken to study the analgesic mechanism produced by TJ-3021. RCS (repeated cold stress) rats in hyperalgesia were markedly suppressed by oral administration of TJ-3021. Intrathecal and intraperitoneal administration of a selective alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan (IDA), reduced significantly the analgesic effect of TJ-3021 in RCS rats. Methysergide (METH), a 5-HT receptor antagonist, demonstrated a similar effect, while intraperitoneal administration of opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, did not produce the effect. Both oral and intracisternal administration of mesaconitine (MA) which is one of the main potent alkaloids contained in TJ-3021 produced analgesic effect in non-RCS rats.

Aconitine↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical demonstration of thyrotropin (TSH)-receptor in normal and diseased human thyroid tissues using monoclonal antibody against recombinant human TSH-receptor protein.

We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of TSH-receptor in normal and diseased human thyroid tissues using a monoclonal antibody (T3-356) against the C terminal region of human TSH receptor. In normal human thyroid tissues, a positive staining was observed exclusively along the basal cell surface of the flattened follicular cells. In the tissues from adenomatous nodules, adenomas, and papillary carcinomas, a positive staining was also found along the basal cell surface of the follicular cells. In addition, a considerable cytoplasmic staining was observed. The apical and lateral cell surfaces of the follicular cells showed no staining. The foci of squamous cell metaplasia of papillary carcinomas, anaplastic carcinoma, and medullary carcinoma did not show a positive staining. In Graves' thyroids, the positive staining was also observed along the basal cell surface of the follicular cells. The staining was obviously intense in the Graves' thyroids, and the most intense staining was noted in the foci of papillary projection of the columnar follicular cells. These findings indicate that TSH receptor is preserved essentially in the basal cell surface of the thyroid follicular cells in neoplastic conditions and that the amount of TSH receptor protein is increased in Graves' thyroid.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Effects of phenobarbital on drug metabolizing enzyme activities and other biochemical parameters in rats with DL-ethionine-induced liver injury.

Phenobarbital (PB) was orally administered once at a dose of 100 mg/kg to the liver injury model rats treated with DL-ethionine (ET), and the effects of PB on the liver drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) were chiefly examined. Liver weight, liver microsomal protein content, liver aniline 4-hydroxylase (ANH) activity, and aminopyrine N-dimethylase (AMD) activity were markedly increased in the ET-treated rats receiving PB. These findings suggested the induction of DME in the liver. However, the induction pattern of each enzyme was different. AMD activity at 48 hr after dosing of PB in the ET-treated rats was increased in the same degree as that in the control (normal). Whereas, ANH activity at 48 hr after dosing in the ET-treated rats was higher than that in normal rats. Liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at 48 hr after dosing in the ET-treated rats was markedly increased, but such induction was not seen in normal rats. These findings indicates that DME in the liver is induced by PB treatment in the ET-treated rats as well as in normal rats, and that the ET-treated rats have a function of physiological adaptation similar to that in normal rats. The induction pattern of liver or serum enzymes in the ET-treated rats receiving PB was different from that in normal rats. Furthermore, the induction pattern of these enzymes in the ET-treated rats receiving PB was different from that in the normal rats, which may be attributed to the difference of localization in liver cells of these enzymes affected by PB.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMed1994

[Advances in pathobiological research on lung carcinoma].

Histological examination revealed that many peripheral type papillary adenocarcinomas appear to develop from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), which can be called adenoma or in situ adenocarcinoma, and progress stepwise. Molecular-biologically, loss of heterozygosities of 3, 11 and 17 chromosomes, point mutation of ras oncogene and p53 anti-oncogene, amplification of myc oncogene, and overexpression of erbB2 oncogene are related to lung cancer development. Especially, ras and p53 gene abnormalities are closely associated with poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Future molecular-biological examinations should focus on AAH and/or early stage adenocarcinoma of the lung, in order to clarify the gene abnormality at the early stage of lung carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of regional differences of p53 mutation in advanced gastric carcinoma: relation to heterogeneous differentiation and invasiveness.

In order to examine the correlation of p53 mutation with heterogeneous histological differentiation and invasiveness of gastric carcinoma, we analyzed 46 areas (three to six per case) that were different histologically and anatomically in 12 advanced gastric carcinomas, shown previously to be positive for p53 mutation, using immunohistochemical, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism, and direct DNA sequencing analyses. DNA derived from different sites in nine cases had the same pattern of p53 mutation, even in cases manifesting heterogeneous histology within a single tumor. Site difference of the p53 mutation was found in three cases: two showed no mutation in superficial tumor areas but presence of mutation in deep-infiltrating areas. In contrast, one case contained a mutation in the superficial area but not in the deep-infiltrating area. These results suggest that in most cases, tumor cells forming a single advanced gastric carcinoma, even though they may present a heterogeneous histology and deep invasion, seem to be derived from the same cellular clone.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Reconstructive surgery in breast cancer operation].

We reported our experience with immediate breast reconstruction after partial or total mastectomy. In patients who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCT), an immediate transposition of adipose tissue with latissimus dorsi muscle vascular pedicle was carried out with the aim of improving cosmetics after wide excision. In those who received modified radical mastectomy, immediate breast reconstruction (MIBR) using a transverse abdominomyocutaneous flap or latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap was carried out. Although either BCT or MIBR was performed at the patient's request, reconstructive surgery thus plays an important role in breast cancer operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effect of exercise in water on maternal blood circulation].

To elucidate the effects of exercise in water on the maternal circulation, twenty normal pregnancies were examined under the following three conditions; 1) on the land at rest, 2) during water immersion and 3) after the exercise in water. Their gestational ages were from 25 to 37 weeks (31 +/- 4 weeks, mean +/- S.D., n = 20). We examined the blood pressure, the urine volume throughout the examination, CBC and the levels of vasopressin, plasma renin activity and human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP). The blood volume calculated from the Hb and Ht were significantly (p < 0.001) increased during the water immersion (105.8 +/- 2.5%), even after the exercise (101.6 +/- 2.9%). Vasopressin was decreased during the water immersion and increased after the exercise, but plasma renin activity was decreased in these two conditions. The hANP concentration was significantly (p < 0.001) increased after the exercise in water and correlated with the urine volume (ml/hour) during the examination. These results show that the decline in blood pressure and the increase in the urine volume during the maternal swimming were caused by the decreased plasma renin activity and the increased hANP concentration resulted from the blood volume expansion during the exercise in water.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1994

[A case of generalized disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis caused by M. avium complex with a giant gravitation abscess].

A case of generalized disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis caused by M. avium complex (MAC) was reported. The case was a female of 52 years of age. She was admitted to our hospital due to high fever and polyarthralgia. Her chest X-ray and CT scan revealed infiltrative shadows in the right S2b and S4 segments, and multiple accumulation shadows were seen on osteoscintigraphy. Pus aspirated from a lesion of the right fifth rib were acid-fast bacilli positive by smear (Gaffky v). The administration of four drugs, INH, RFP, EB and SM, was introduced, then corticosteroid was added, and the case became afebrile. Later, acid-fast bacilli were also isolated from bronchial washing and aspirated specimen from bone marrow, and all of them were identified as MAC. Based on these findings, the case was diagnosed as generalized disseminated mycobacteriosis. After several months remission, tenderness over the fifth lumbar vertebra deteriorated, and MRI scan on lumbar vertebrae showed high-intensity area both on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. MAC was isolated from the pus of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Lumbar lesions deteriorated gradually, and a giant gravitation abscess which involved right ilium was revealed by CT scan of the pelvis. In spite of vigorous treatment including chemotherapy, aspiration of pus and drainage, general condition of the case deteriorated, and the case finally died of renal insufficiency.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

[Molecular diagnosis of lung carcinoma].

For lung cancer diagnosis, the diagnostic significance of the ras, myc, erbB2 oncogenes, and the p53 anti-oncogene was reviewed. Point mutation of the ras oncogene, amplification of the myc oncogene, and overexpression of the erbB2 oncogene are associated with poor prognosis of lung carcinomas. Mutation of p53 anti-oncogene is a common event of lung carcinoma and the differences in its mutation pattern can be used for the molecular diagnosis of multicentric lung carcinomas.

Genes, myc↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of spinal bone changes in patients with chronic renal failure by CT and MR imaging with pathologic correlation.

To investigate bone changes in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), bone mineral density (BMD) and T1 relaxation times were measured with CT and MR imaging and the results were correlated to histology. Excised lumbar vertebrae from 25 autopsy cases of CRF (18 males and 7 females), including 12 cases in which the patients had been receiving hemodialysis were examined. BMD and T1 relaxation time values were associated with specific histologic findings for cellularity, trabeculae, and peritrabecular fibrosis. Three vertebrae with low BMD showed increased hematopoietic marrow content, a finding not observed in primary osteoporosis. The vertebrae with osteosclerosis showed prolonged T1 relaxation time, which was due to increased amount of hematopoietic marrow, and the presence of thickened or many small irregular trabeculae or peritrabecular fibrosis. These findings may be useful in the evaluation of bone changes in patients with CRF.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative trial of granisetron versus granisetron plus methylprednisolone for the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy].

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of granisetron in preventing emesis induced by antineoplastic chemotherapy. This comparative study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of granisetron (40 micrograms/kg) and granisetron plus methylprednisolone (MPL; 10 mg/kg). Sixty-eight patients were given granisetron 170 times and thirty-nine patients were given a combination of granisetron and MPL 81 times. Sixty-one patients received the treatment in crossover fashion during the same chemotherapy regimens. The emetic and nausea episodes were counted during the 24 hours following each chemotherapy treatment. Complete response, no emesis or less than two episodes, were obtained in 75.3% (128/170 times) of patients receiving granisetron alone compared to 85.2% (69/81 times) of patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. There were no significant differences in complete responses between the two groups, male and female, and each age group. However, 11 of eighteen patients receiving granisetron alone who responded mildly, if at all, with respect to nausea and vomiting, showed a complete or major response when MPL was added to granisetron. There were two patients who developed temporal paresthesia of the both hands as an adverse effect, but there was spontaneous recovery after 3 hours. Our data suggested that granisetron plus MPL was slightly more effective than granisetron alone and a safe antiemetic drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-7 receptor.

The interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is a necessary component of functional IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma mutations result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) in humans, a disease characterized by the presence of few or no T cells. In contrast, SCID patients with IL-2 deficiency and IL-2-deficient mice have normal numbers of T cells, suggesting that IL-2R gamma is part of more than one cytokine receptor. By using chemical cross-linking, IL-2R gamma was shown to be physically associated with the IL-7 receptor. The presence of IL-2R gamma augmented both IL-7 binding affinity and the efficiency of internalization of IL-7. These findings may help explain the defects of XSCID. Given its role in more than one cytokine receptor system, the common gamma chain (gamma c) is proposed as the designation for IL-2R gamma.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-4 receptor.

The interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors. IL-2R gamma was demonstrated to be a component of the IL-4 receptor on the basis of chemical cross-linking data, the ability of IL-2R gamma to augment IL-4 binding affinity, and the requirement for IL-2R gamma in IL-4-mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1. The observation that IL-2R gamma is a functional component of the IL-4 receptor, together with the finding that IL-2R gamma associates with the IL-7 receptor, begins to elucidate why deficiency of this common gamma chain (gamma c) has a profound effect on lymphoid function and development, as seen in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characterization of cDNAs encoding the murine interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) gamma chain: chromosomal mapping and tissue specificity of IL-2R gamma chain expression.

The IL-2R gamma chain (IL-2R gamma) is an essential component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2Rs, playing critical roles for ligand binding and internalization. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated that IL-2R gamma mutation results in X chromosome-linked severe combined immunodeficiency in humans, suggesting that IL-2R gamma plays a vital role in thymic maturation of human T cells. We now report the isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding murine IL-2R gamma. The open reading frame encodes 369 aa, identical in length to that encoded by the human IL-2R gamma cDNA. Murine IL-2R gamma and human IL-2R gamma have 69% and 70% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. As expected, the murine IL-2R gamma retains the WSXWS motif and four cysteine residues characteristic of cytokine receptor superfamily members. IL-2R gamma mRNA distribution shows significant tissue specificity, with particularly high-level expression in spleen and thymus, and higher expression in single-positive (CD4+8- or CD4-8+)-enriched thymocytes than in double-negative (CD4-8-) thymocytes. Finally, we have localized the murine IL-2R gamma gene, Il2rg, to the X chromosome between Rsvp and Plp and demonstrated that a defect in IL-2R gamma is not responsible for the X chromosome-linked xid mutation, which maps to this same region. The cloning of the murine IL-2R gamma cDNA will facilitate the investigation of the role of this protein in lymphocyte function and thymic development.

Alleles↗