Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Noguchi

Publications and source records attributed to M Noguchi.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Social support of chronically-ill children and healthy children].

The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of social support of chronically-ill children and to compare social support of chronically-ill children with those of healthy children. Subjects consisted of 204 chronically-ill children aged between 9 and 18 years old and 544 healthy children aged between 10 and 17 years old. Results of this study were as follows: 1. In both chronically-ill children and healthy children, parents' support score and teachers' support score were significantly higher in elementary school children than high school students. In both groups, friends' support score was significantly higher in girls than boys. 2. Chronically-ill children reported significantly higher scores of parents' support, friends' support and teachers' support than those of healthy children. 3. Parents' support score was significantly lower in children with diabetes than those with asthma and cancer. 4. The total score of social support and teachers' support score were significantly lower in children with employed mothers than those with unemployed mothers. 5. The total social support score of children who participated in non-sports extracurricular activities was significantly higher than those of children who did not participate in non-sports activities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Significance of urinary type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy using a highly sensitive one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay.

Urinary concentrations of type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy were measured by a highly sensitive, one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Samples from 298 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 80 healthy controls were examined. In diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria or renal insufficiency, the concentrations of urinary type IV collagen were significantly higher than those of diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria or healthy controls (P < 0.001). Urinary type IV collagen concentration in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was significantly higher than that in diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria or that in healthy controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, there were no significant changes in the concentration of serum type IV collagen between microalbuminuric patients and normoalbuminuric patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the urinary type IV collagen concentration was equivalent to that of urinary albumin. It was concluded that urinary type IV collagen concentration determined using this method might be a useful marker for the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of NSAIDs and PGE1 analogue on the permeability of human small intestine].

We studied permeability of human small intestine to clarify the following questions. 1) Does indomethacin increase intestinal permeability (IP)? 2) Does ornoprostil (PGE1 analogue) prevent the increased IP due to indomethacin? 3) Does acemetacin (pro-drug) increase IP? Eleven healthy volunteers were studied before and after ingestion of indomethacin, acemetacin, ornoprostil. After an overnight fast, they drank an isotonic solution containing 1.5 g rhamnose and 10.5 g lactulose. IP was estimated with lactulose/rhamnose percentage excretion in urine for 5 hours. An administration of indomethacin (75 mg) for one day increased IP significantly, and the coadministration of indomethacin and ornoprostil showed no significant change in IP compared with those of controls. Pro-drug administration did not increase IP. It is suggested that simultaneous administration of ornoprostil prevent the mucosal damage caused by indomethacin clinically, and that the mechanism of this increase IP is due to lack of mucosal prostaglandins on the small intestine.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Type III procollagen N-terminal aminopeptide and type IV collagen 7S in pleural effusion fluid].

The mechanism of pleural fibrosis in malignant and inflammatory pleural effusion remains unclear. We measured the levels of type III procollagen N-terminal amino peptide (PIIIP) and type IV collagen 7S in patients who had pleural effusion and lung carcinoma, and in others who had inflammatory diseases (parapneumonic and tuberculous pleuritis). The PIIIP level and the PIIIP/type IV collagen 7S ratio in patients with malignant pleural effusion were significantly lower than those in patients with inflammatory pleural effusion (p < 0.01), but the levels of type IV collagen 7S did not differ. The ratio of PIIIP to type IV collagen 7S was higher in patients with tuberculous pleuritis than in those with parapneumonic pleuritis (p < 0.05). These data indicate that pleural fibrotic adhesion may be accelerated in inflammatory pleural effusion because of elevated production of type III collagen; basement membrane injury in malignant and inflammatory pleural effusion may be caused by similar damage. We conclude that a high level of PIIIP and a high PIIIP/type IV collagen 7S ratio may indicate the presence of inflammatory pleuritis, and that the latter may indicate the presence of tuberculous pleuritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Invasive thymoma in patient with pernicious anemia and pericardial effusion].

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of coughing, dyspnea, generalized fatigue, and pretibial edema. A chest X-ray film revealed cardiac enlargement, a left hilar mass, and a small nodule in the right middle lung field. Echocardiography showed a massive pericardial effusion. A chest CT scan showed pericardial effusion, an anterior mediastinal mass, and a small nodule in the right upper lobe. Examination of a percutaneous biopsy specimen showed round and spindle-shaped tumor cells and lymphocyte infiltration, which was consistent with mixed-cell-type thymoma. Hematological examination showed macrocytic anemia, and the concentration of vitamin B12 was 65 pg/ml (249-938 pg/ml). A test for anti-parietal cell antibodies was positive. Our diagnosis was pernicious anemia and stage IVb invasive thymoma (by Masaoka's classification). Because of the intrapulmonary metastasis and pericardial effusion, the patient underwent chemotherapy. The tumor shrank, so a thoracotomy was done. However, the tumor was found to have invaded the heart and large vessels, and it could not be removed. After surgery the thorax was irradiated. Invasive thymoma complicated by pernicious anemia is rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[A case of advanced primary ureteral squamous cell carcinoma responding to combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil].

A 63-year-old female with left ureteral tumor metastasizing to the left iliac lymph node was treated with left total nephroureterectomy. The histopathological diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter, G1 INF beta, pT2, pR0, pV1 and pL0. Three cycles of chemotherapy were performed postoperatively with cis platin and 5-fluorouracil. A major response was obtained (tumor regression rate, 57%). She received 60 Gy radiotherapy to the left iliac region postchemotherapy (postradiotherapy tumor regression rate, 74%). No evidence of the tumor relapse was found 7 months after irradiation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Clinical implications of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers.

BACKGROUND: Microsatellite instability (MI) has been reported in some sporadic colon tumors and in cases of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). The criteria for HNPCC have not been fully defined, and clinical criteria are used to identify as many HNPCC patients as possible. To clarify the conformity of these criteria with the identification of eligible HNPCC cases, we analyzed MI in HNPCC patients diagnosed using clinical criteria. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from surgical specimens of 56 colorectal cancers, including 36 from patients diagnosed with HNPCC using the clinical criteria. We analyzed four microsatellite loci using 32P-labeled primers. RESULTS: Among HNPCC patients diagnosed using clinical criteria, patients who were positive for MI accounted for 62% of Group A (a confirmed group) and 35% of Group B (a high risk group); only 5% of randomly selected colorectal cancer patients (Group C), were positive for MI. Furthermore, MI-positive tumors were found in patients who had a tendency for tumors to involve the right side of the colon, an association with cancers in other organs, a lower incidence of p53 protein positivity, and a higher proportion of poorly differentiated cancers. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MI, in concert with modified clinical criteria, may identify legitimate cases of HNPCC in patients who might otherwise be excluded by the minimum criteria.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1996

Medullary thyroid carcinoma experienced at Kanazawa University Hospital.

Eleven cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which were experienced at Kanazawa University Hospital between 1975 and 1993, were examined to correlate the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Seven patients were women and four men, and the mean age was 46.6 years. The mean follow-up was 88.3 months. Three patients had familial non-multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) MTC (familial MTC unassociated with other endocrinopathies) and the remaining eight had sporadic disease. At the end of the observation period, six patients were alive without disease and four were alive with metastatic disease. One patient died of MTC 8.3 years after surgery. Thus, the 10-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 67% and 53%, respectively. Histologically MTCs from the 10 surviving patients showed a classic type, while the one patient who died had a tubular variant MTC. Immunohistochemically, there were no significant correlations between the outcome of the patients and the expression of calcitonin (CT), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), or chromogranin A (CgA) in the primary tumors, and there were no differences in expression of these antigens between the primary and the recurrent tumors. Although only a small number of patients with MTC were studied here, it was suggested that the prognosis of MTC is worse than that of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma. The patients with lymph node involvement at the time of primary surgery showed a high risk of persistent or recurrent disease. The expressional level for the antigens did not influence the prognosis of MTC.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Breast-conserving treatment: controversies and consensus.

Although breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is an accepted alternative for the treatment of breast cancer, numerous controversies surround the selection criteria and the treatment details. A review of the literature revealed that patient selection is of critical importance. However, there is disagreement over the relative importance of some of the criteria for patient selection. A wide excision is preferable to a less complete excision (tumorectomy) or a more radical excision (quadrantectomy). Accurate assessment of surgical margins is important. The risk of local recurrence may be diminished if a re-excision is performed to obtain tumor-free margins. However, the suitability and practicality of the techniques used to assess the resection margins have been questioned. Radiotherapy is an integral part of BCT. Surgery alone remains an investigational approach. Axillary dissection remains a reliable method of assessing nodal status and treating regional disease.

Breast↗
PubMed1996

Deletion mapping of chromosome 2 in human lung carcinoma.

Sixty-three non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) and 20 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) were examined for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 2. Fifteen highly polymorphic dinucleotide markers spanning both the short and long arms of chromosome 2 were selected for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based fine mapping. They included a DNA marker localized in the homozygously deleted region at 2q33, which we previously identified in an SCLC cell line. LOH on chromosome arm 2q was detected in 23/63 (37%) of NSCLC and 6/20 (30%) of SCLC, while LOH on 2p was observed in 14/56 (25%) and 4/17 (24%), respectively. There were two commonly deleted regions mapped to 2q32-q37 and 2p16-pter, and the homozygously deleted region at 2q33 was in the commonly deleted region on 2q. In NSCLC, the incidence of LOH on 2p and 2q was significantly higher in brain metastases than in primary tumors (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). In addition, LOH on chromosome arm 2q occurred more frequently in moderately/poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors (P = 0.046). These results suggested that inactivation of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 2 is involved in the phenotypic alterations of NSCLC cells into more aggressive ones.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Comparative allelotype of early and advanced stage non-small cell lung carcinomas.

To identify chromosomal loci of tumor suppressor genes involved in the genesis and progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), comparative allelotype analysis was performed in 23 stage I primary lung tumors and in 22 metastatic lung tumors to the brain. In total, 84 loci on all 22 autosomal chromosomes were examined for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with 40 polymorphic DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-LOH analysis of 44 polymorphic loci. LOH on chromosome arms 3p, 13q, and 17p was detected frequently (> 60%) in both stage I primary lung tumors and brain metastases, whereas the incidence of LOH on chromosome arms 2q, 5q, 9p, 12q, 18q, and 22q was more than 60% only in brain metastases. In particular, the incidence of LOH on chromosome arms 2q, 9p, 18q, and 22q in brain metastases was significantly higher than that in stage I primary lung tumors (P < 0.05). These results indicate that tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arms 3p, 13q, and 17p are involved in the genesis of NSCLC, whereas those on several chromosome arms, especially on 2q, 9p, 18q and 22q, play an important role in the progression of NSCLC.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Intraoperative assessment of axillary lymph node metastases in operable breast cancer.

The diagnostic value of intraoperative histologic examination of frozen sections of axillary lymph nodes was investigated in 243 patients with operable breast cancer. One to six hard or enlarged axillary nodes were sampled from the axillary pad which was derived from a partial axillary dissection (including level 1 and 2 nodes). Half of these nodes were histologically examined using frozen sections during surgery. After a total axillary dissection, both the axillary nodes in the partial axillary dissection and the nodes dissected at level 3 were histologically examined on permanent section. A mean of four nodes were sampled (range: 1 to 6). Axillary dissection yielded a mean of 22 nodes (range: 6 to 60). Axillary sampling detected the presence of metastases in 65 of 84 (77%) patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. In the patients in whom the axillary involvement was not identified by axillary sampling, however, the extent of axillary involvement was limited to levels 1 and 2. Therefore, a partial axillary dissection may be justified for patients in whom axillary involvement is not found on frozen section of nodes from axillary sampling, whereas a total axillary dissection should be performed for patients in whom axillary involvement is found by these procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

In vitro effects of eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors in the presence of linoleic acid on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.

We investigated the effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors in the presence of linoleic acid (LA), as well as the direct effects of prostaglandin E (PGE) and leukotriene B (LTB) on a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Piroxicam, esculetin, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) suppressed cell growth and thymidine incorporation. However, a low concentration (1 microgram/ml) of indomethacin (INDO) stimulated cell growth and thymidine incorporation, while a high concentration of INDO (30 micrograms/ml) inhibited both. Esculetin and NDGA reduced the secretion of LTB, whereas piroxicam reduced the secretion of PGE. INDO reduced the secretion of PGE, but a low concentration of INDO increased the secretion of LTB. Consequently, cell growth was correlated with the PGE and/or LTB concentrations when the cells were treated with these cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase inhibitors. On the other hand, exogenous PGE2 partially reversed the inhibition of thymidine incorporation caused by INDO, whereas LTB4 exerted a similar effect in the case of esculetin or NDGA. The reversibility of the piroxicam effect with PGE2 is not convincing. Therefore, it is suggested that the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro is affected by both the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase products, probably the other eicosanoids rather than PGE2 and LTB4.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer.

The diagnosis of axillary (AX) metastases remains a challenge in the management of breast cancer and is a subject of controversy. Clinical node staging clearly is limited in the assessment of AX lymph nodes. AX mammography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) do not provide histologic information. Although nuclear magnetic resonance imaging may have considerable value in the diagnosis of AX metastases, it does not detect micrometastases. The use of biologic markers in the assessment of AX metastases remains a subject of investigation. On the other hand, biopsy of selected AX nodes or tissue with examination of histology or cytology generally would not identify a significant percentage of patients with AX node involvement. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, however, might be potentially useful for assessing AX metastases, although it remains investigational. In order to simplify diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality, alternatives to AX dissection must be sought and imaging and staging modalities refined. We present a review of the literature pertaining to the diagnosis of AX metastases in patients with breast cancer and a discussion of some current areas of controversy.

Axilla↗
PubMed1996

Physiochemical characterization of ATP binding to human 5-lipoxygenase.

Human 5-lipoxygenase requires ATP as a stimulatory factor. At the two preferred concentrations of the free Ca2+, 0.02 microM with a resting cell and 20 microM with a stimulated cell, Scatchard analysis revealed that 5-lipoxygenase has one affinity ATP binding site with a Kd of 4.6 microM at the low Ca2+ concentration but has two affinity ATP binding sites with a higher Kd of 4.4 microM and a lower Kd of 14.5 microM at the high Ca2+ concentration. In contrast, in a Tween 20 reaction system, 5-lipoxygenase had similar activation coefficients for ATP at both Ca2+ concentrations; these were 12.7 microM at the low Ca2+ concentration and 12.0 microM at the high Ca2+ concentration. These results showed that 5-lipoxygenase has an ATP binding site and suggest that self-association of 5-lipoxygenase in 20 microM Ca2+ may affect ATP binding affinity as measured by Scatchard analysis.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1996

Encapsulated follicular thyroid carcinoma exhibiting glandular and spindle cell components. A case report.

We describe an unusual case of a thyroid carcinoma exhibiting glandular and sarcomatous features. The tumor occurred in a 16-year-old girl. Histologic study of the resected thyroid gland revealed an encapsulated tumor composed predominantly of glandular structures and some solid areas. In the glandular areas, the tumor cells showed a cribriform growth pattern, and neither colloid secretion into the lumen nor clear-cut cytologic features suggestive of papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma were observed. In the solid areas, tumor cells became spindled and showed a sarcomatous arrangement with occasional whorl formation. A transition from the glandular areas to the solid ones was observed. Immunohistochemical study revealed that tumor cells were positive focally for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin and secretory component. Thyroglobulin was positive only in a few and limited areas of the glandular component. Calcitonin was negative throughout the tumor. The histologic and immunohistochemical evidence indicates that this tumor is of thyroid origin and is probably derived from thyroid follicular cells. The histology of this tumor is unique, so we report this case briefly.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1996

Pseudolymphoma of the thyroid gland. A case report.

An unusual case of pseudolymphoma of the thyroid gland is presented. A well-demarcated whitish mass measuring 1.0 cm in diameter was found in the upper center of the right lobe of the thyroid gland. Microscopically, the lesion was composed of hyperplastic lymphoid tissues with many follicular centers and mixed infiltration of plasma cells and macrophages. The immunostain revealed a similar distribution of T-and B-lymphocytes to reactive lymph node and a polyclonal nature of the plasma cell infiltrates. No lymphoepithelial lesion was associated. The adjacent thyroid tissues showed chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. This finding suggests that the lesion is a pseudolymphoma of the thyroid gland. This condition is rare, but it should be considered during the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative lesions occurring in the thyroid gland, especially with low-grade malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland.

B-Lymphocytes↗