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Biomedical subjects

M Nistal

Publications and source records attributed to M Nistal.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

Pitted pattern in the human epididymis.

This histological study of the human ductus epididymidis in autopsy or surgical specimens revealed the presence of multiple intra-epithelial cavities or pits showing a variable degree of development. In their origin, cavities were surrounded by cells with the same staining affinity and ultrastructural features as the principal cells, except for the cavity basal surfaces that were supported by lower cells. The latter cells, although otherwise like the basal cells of the ductus epididymis, displayed short microvilli in the cavity lumen. When the cavities expanded the basal cells became principal cells, while the principal cells located at the top of the cavities degenerated, creating pits that opened into the lumen of the ductus epididymidis. The surface occupied by the pitted areas increased progressively between the end portion of the caput epididymidis and the corpus-cauda transition, where it decreased abruptly. This pitted pattern was observed in all the normal adult men studied and in the children with precocious puberty but not in the normal children or in the adult men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. This observation suggests that the development of pitted cavities is androgen-dependent.

Adult↗

Polyorchidism in a newborn: case report and review of the literature.

A case of polyorchidism in a newborn is reported. The left scrotum contained two testes sharing the same epididymis and vas deferens. The histometric testicular parameters were normal in the three testes, except for a slightly reduced tubular fertility index in the supernumerary testis.

Epididymis↗

Involution of human fetal Leydig cells. An immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and quantitative study.

The testes of stillborn fetuses (from 13 to 28 weeks of gestational age), fetuses born alive (from 29 weeks of gestational age) who died a few days later, and infants dying 1 to 8 months after birth were processed for light and electron microscopy. Paraffin-embedded material was stained with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method for immunohistochemical detection of testosterone (T) in order to quantify the age-related changes in the number of T-positive interstitial cells. This number decreased progressively from the 24th week of gestation up to birth and remained unchanged up to the second month of postnatal life. During the third month of age, the number of T-positive cells rose markedly but fell again from the fourth month to the end of the study. The ultrastructural study revealed the following types of interstitial cells at all ages studied: fibroblast-like cells, myofibroblast-like cells, developed fetal Leydig cells, degenerating fetal Leydig cells and infantile Leydig cells with a multilobed nucleus and focal cytoplasmic accumulations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. Quantitative ultrastructural studies revealed that the changes in the number of fetal Leydig cells with age were similar to those found in the number of T-positive cells although, for each age studied, absolute values were higher in the ultrastructural study. The number of infantile Leydig cells increased with age.

Aging↗

Carcinoma in situ of the testis in infertile men. A histological, immunocytochemical, and cytophotometric study of DNA content.

Of 723 infertile men (128 with a history of cryptorchidism) whose testes were biopsied at the outer lateral face of the testis, five presented carcinoma in situ (CIS) in one testis. These testes were removed, serially sectioned, and examined by light microscopy. In order to evaluate whether only one or two biopsies are sufficient to diagnose CIS, before sectioning the testes four biopsies were taken at the anterior face, posterior face, superior pole, and inferior pole of the testis, respectively. Two of the five men had undergone orchiopexy in infancy and the testis contained tubules with Sertoli cells and isolated spermatogonia. CIS was also present in some tubules that were principally located near the rete testis. Of the four simulated biopsies, only that performed at the posterior face of the testis revealed CIS. The other three infertile men showed tubules with complete, although reduced, spermatogenesis, and tubules lined by Sertoli cells only. CIS was found in both types of tubules. These tubules with CIS formed lobules that extended throughout the testicular parenchyma. Most simulated biopsies performed in these three testes showed CIS. The average nuclear DNA content of CIS cells was about 4c in all testes. This content was similar both in tubules with complete spermatogenesis and in tubules with Sertoli cells only.

Adult↗

Nodular proliferation of calcifying connective tissue in the rete testis: a study of three cases.

We report the first description of a bilateral rete testis lesion. The lesion was found in three adult men with histories of myocardium infarct or hemorrhage. The histologic study of the rete testis in these men revealed nodular sessile or pediculate formations which protruded into the rete testis channels. These polypoid formations consisted of an axis of connective tissue covered by a flattened epithelium. The axis contained a variable number of fibroblasts, areas with fibrin-like material, and small to large calcium deposits. Inflammatory infiltrates were neither observed in the rete testis nor in the testicular parenchyma. The testicular pattern varied from seminiferous tubules with complete spermatogenesis (two cases) to tubules with Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia, surrounded by a thickened tunica propia. The term "nodular proliferation of calcifying connective tissue in the rete testis" is proposed to designate this lesion.

Aged↗

Acquired cystic transformation of the rete testis secondary to renal failure.

The histologic study of testicular specimens from 218 consecutive autopsies revealed a cystic transformation of the rete testis in 26 men. Serial sections of the testes, epididymides, and spermatic cords of these men were studied by light microscopy. In 15 cases, the rete testis dilation was caused by obstruction of the epididymis. In five cases, the dilation was due to obstruction of the intratesticular excretory ducts caused by varicocele. In the remaining six men, no evidence of obstructive processes was found. These six patients had been diagnosed with renal failure and underwent hemodialysis. The rete testis in these men showed dilated channels lined by a high columnar or pseudostratified epithelium. They contained spermatozoa, with a proteinaceous material and calcium oxalate crystals. The ductuli efferents showed eosinophilic granules in their epithelial cells and their lumen contained spermatids, spermatozoa, cell remnants, calcium oxalate crystals, and multinucleate giant cells. These rete testis lesions are similar to those previously reported in the kidney of hemodialyzed patients.

Calcium Oxalate↗

Paratesticular metastases from congenital retroperitoneal tumor.

A retroperitoneal tumor was removed from a fifteen-day-old infant. Light microscopy revealed a teratoma consisting mainly of immature nervous tissue. Three months later the patient had recurrence and numerous peritoneal metastases showing a histologic pattern similar to that of the primary tumor. Twelve months later there was enlargement of the left testis due to metastases from teratoma infiltrating the tunica vaginalis of the left testis, the epididymis, and the spermatic cord. These metastases consisted of mature neurons and glial cells. The early dissemination of the tumor suggests an intracavitary spread pattern. The tumor maturation in paratesticular structures suggests that mesothelial cells are involved in the differentiation of tumoral germ cells.

Combined Modality Therapy↗

Testicular carcinoma in situ associated with rhabdomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord.

A 12-year-old boy had an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the distal portion of the spermatic cord. The tumor partially surrounded the testis, infiltrated the testicular tunics and formed an intratesticular nodule near the rete testis. The unaffected testicular parenchyma exhibited the characteristic germ cells of carcinoma in situ. We describe an association between these 2 types of tumors.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

Secondary testicular tumors.

A review of 3,474 consecutive autopsies on adult men showed that 337 men had died of cancer, and 2 of them presented with testicular metastases from a pancreatic carcinoma and a urinary bladder carcinoma, respectively. In addition, of 32 men with prostatic carcinoma whose testes were removed, 1 man presented with testicular metastases from the tumor, and of 216 patients (children and adults) with neuroblastoma, 2 children showed metastases to the testes.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

Proliferative activity of human spermatogonia from fetal period to senility measured by cytophotometric DNA quantification.

The proliferative activity of human spermatogonia from the fetal period to senility was studied by means of cytophotometric quantification of the nuclear DNA content in histological sections. Proliferating spermatogonia that were replicating or had replicated their DNA (DNA content between 2.5c and 4.5c) were observed in all ages. The percentages of these spermatogonia were high (18.2%) in the second trimester of gestation, decreased in the third trimester (8.2%), maintained similar values in newborns (7.1%) and infants (9.5%), and increased markedly in 4- to 9-year-old children (22.5%). The latter percentage was maintained during puberty (20.1%), decreased significantly in adulthood (17.8%), and was higher in aging testes (25.2%). About 2% of spermatogonia with a DNA content higher than 4.5 c were observed from 4-15 years of age as well as in the testes of elderly men. Sertoli cells replicating their DNA were observed only in fetuses.

Adolescent↗

Leydig cell tumor of testis with adipose metaplasia.

A Leydig cell tumor of testis was discovered during evaluation of infertility in a 36-year-old white man with azoospermia and high plasma estrogen level. Histological examination revealed multiple foci of calcification and massive adipose metaplasia. This is the first time that adipous metaplasia is observed in association with Leydig cell tumor of testis.

Adipose Tissue↗

Cysts of the testicular parenchyma and tunica albuginea.

Five cases of cysts of the tunica albuginea and two cases of cysts of the testicular parenchyma are described. The cysts of the albuginea were located in the anterior, lateral, and inferior faces of the testis (distant from the epididymis) and covered by a thin albuginea. They extended toward the testicular parenchyma or toward the tunica vaginalis. Their epithelial lining varied from low cuboidal to columnar and consisted of ciliated or nonciliated cells. These cysts were probably of mesothelial origin. The cysts of the testicular parenchyma were also located distant from the mediastinum testis and were not in contact with the albuginea. Their epithelial lining consisted of flattened, cuboidal, nonciliated cells. The origin of the cysts of the testicular parenchyma is not clear. In one case the occurrence of spermatozoa in the cyst lumen and connections with seminiferous tubules suggests an origin in the rete testis.

Aged↗

[Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis: histochemical, histoenzymatic and immunocytochemical study].

Report of a case of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with clinical, histopathologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical study. Neutral mucins and lipids were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of dermal histiocytes. The monocyte-histiocytic nature of the cells was shown by means of acid phosphatase, ATP-ase, muramidase and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Due to the immunohistochemical results, the relationship with Langerhans cells was rejected. No secretory activity of immunoglobulins was shown and the proliferation qualified as benign. The cells among the histiocytic population were typified as mature T lymphocytes.

Adult↗

Secondary amyloidosis of the testis: an electron microscopic and histochemical study.

A histochemical and ultrastructural study of the testes, epididymides and spermatic cords from 6 adult men with amyloidosis secondary to several diseases is described. Amyloid fibrils, consisting mainly of AA protein, were deposited in the walls of blood vessels of the testis, epididymis and spermatic cord, as well as in the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules. The seminiferous epithelium showed slight hypospermatogenesis. Many Leydig cells exhibited unstained 'bar' or 'arc'-shaped cytoplasmic areas similar to the cholesterol deposits of Leydig cells in adrenoleukodystrophy.

Adult↗

[Experimental study of reconstruction of the vas deferens in the rat].

We performed vasectomy and microsurgical repair of the vas deferens in 20 rats utilizing absorbable and non-absorbable 10-0 sutures. At 40 days the results of the repair procedure were evaluated by seminal fluid and fertility analyses, deferentography, and histologic examination of the anastomoses. The procedure failed in one case that presented occlusion of the spermatic cord from a granuloma.

Animals↗

Adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis.

A gland-like cellular proliferation was observed in the deepest portion of the rete testis in both testes from a 55-year-old man who died from metastasis of breast carcinoma to the brain. The gland-like proliferations consisted of columnar epithelial cells supported by a thin lamina propria. These cells displayed irregularly outlined nuclei with deep indentations. Atypias and mitoses were infrequent. The term 'adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis' is proposed to designate the benign lesion reported here.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Changes in surface area and number of Leydig cells in relation to the 6 stages of the cycle of the human seminiferous epithelium.

In order to evaluate the occurrence of a Leydig cell cycle related to the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in man, the numbers of peritubular Leydig cells and surface area of these cells along 1 mm of tubular basement membrane at each stage of the cycle were calculated on histological sections of young adult testes. The Leydig cells that were located separated from the tubules (perivascular Leydig cells) were also classified according to the stage of the cycle shown by the nearest seminiferous tubule; the surface area and number of these cells were also calculated. The total surface area and numbers of Leydig cells (peritubular plus perivascular) along 1 mm of tubular basement membrane did not change during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Both the surface area and the numbers of peritubular Leydig cells were greater in stages I and II of the cycle, when spermatozoa are released; they decreased in stages III and IV and increased again in stages V and VI, whereas the contrary occurred in perivascular Leydig cells. The average surface area of each Leydig cell type remained constant throughout the stages of the cycle.

Adult↗