Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Nishino

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Putrescine-dependent invasive capacity of rat ascites hepatoma cells.

The effects of inhibitors of polyamine synthesis on the invasive capacity of rat ascites hepatoma (LC-AH) cells were examined by in vitro assay of penetration of the LC-AH cells through a monolayer of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial (CPAE) cells. Pretreatment of LC-AH cells with alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, before seeding them onto a CPAE cell monolayer and culturing them for 24 h in the absence of DFMO decreased the number of penetrating tumor cells time and dose dependently (about 35% of the maximal inhibition) without affecting their viability or proliferative activity. DFMO treatment caused a marked decrease in the intracellular level of putrescine but not of spermidine or spermine. The DFMO-induced decreases in invasive capacity and putrescine level were almost completely reversed by the addition of putrescine to the medium during pretreatment with DFMO or invasion assay but were not affected by exogenous spermidine or spermine. No change in the invasive capacity was observed when the CPAE cells were treated with DFMO and the LC-AH cells with methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, which depressed the spermidine and spermine levels but increased the putrescine level in the LC-AH cells. These results suggest that intracellular putrescine modulates the in vitro invasive capacity of LC-AH cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Processing and characterization of recombinant von Willebrand factor expressed in different cell types using a vaccinia virus vector.

The cloning of the cDNA encoding von Willebrand factor (vWF) has revealed that it is synthesized as a large precursor (pre-pro-vWF) molecule and it is now clear that the prosequence or vWAgII is responsible for the intracellular multimerization of vWF. We have cloned the complete vWF cDNA and expressed it using a recombinant vaccinia virus as vector. We have characterized the structure and function of the recombinant vWF (rvWF) secreted from five different cell types: baby hamster kidney (BHK), Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), human fibroblasts (143B), mouse fibroblasts (L) and primary embryonic chicken cells. Forty-eight hours after infection, the quantity of vWF antigen found in the cell supernatant varied from 3 to 12 U/dl depending on the cell type. By SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis, the percentage of high molecular weight forms of vWF varied from 39 to 49% relative to normal plasma for BHK, CHO, 143B and chicken cells but was less than 10% for L cells. In all cell types, the two anodic subbands of each multimer were missing. The two cathodic subbands were easily detected only in BHK and L cells. By SDS-PAGE of reduced samples, pro-vWF was present in similar quantity to the fully processed vWF subunit in L cells, present in moderate amounts in BHK and CHO and in very low amounts in 143B and chicken cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Leisure time physical activity and insulin resistance in young obese students with hypertension.

To investigate the hypothesis that insulin resistance plays a role in the etiology of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, we measured serum lipid levels, the fasting glucose/insulin ratio, and the insulin response to oral glucose (GTT) in a group of young obese subjects (n = 21) with hypertension and normal glucose tolerance and in normotensive subjects (n = 36) with normal glucose tolerance, matched for age and body mass index. Leisure time physical activity was evaluated by a questionnaire outlining three levels of physical activities during leisure time. Subjects with hypertension had higher fasting serum insulin (19 +/- 2 v 13 +/- 1 microU/mL, P < .01) and lower fasting glucose/insulin ratio (5.3 +/- 0.2 v 7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .01) than normotensive subjects. Subjects with hypertension had higher peak serum insulin and lower plasma glucose area/insulin area ratio in response to glucose (1.8 +/- 0.2 v 2.4 +/- 0.2 mg/dL/microU/mL, P < .05) than normotensive subjects. Serum total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides were higher in the obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. Blood pressure correlated with either fasting serum insulin, fasting glucose/insulin ratio, or glucose area/insulin area ratio during GTT. The level of leisure time physical activities was lower in obese hypertensive subjects than in obese normotensive ones. There were significant correlations between the levels of physical activity and the fasting plasma glucose/insulin ratio (r = 0.371, P < .01) or the fasting serum insulin concentration (r = -0.282, P < .05). The study provided evidence that a low level of leisure time physical activity is associated with insulin resistance and resultant hyperinsulinemia, which are the key metabolic abnormalities that link hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia in young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Progression of carotid atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Along with the recent changes in lifestyle in Japan, the incidence of coronary artery disease has increased while the incidence of stroke appears to be decreasing. We investigated the relation between the progression of carotid atherosclerosis and the severity of coronary artery disease in the Japanese population. METHODS: The 2-year change in extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in 50 Japanese patients who underwent coronary angiography was evaluated using carotid echotomography. To quantify the extent of carotid atherosclerosis, the maximal thickness measurements of all plaques were summed for an individual plaque score, except for new plaques found on reexamination. Carotid disease progression was evaluated by the sum of plaque score change and the thickness of the new plaque found on reexamination. RESULTS: The plaque score changed by -3.2 to 10.1 mm (mean +/- SD, 1.06 +/- 2.42 mm). The extent of coronary atherosclerosis (p less than 0.02) and serum total cholesterol level (p less than 0.01) were different between the progressing (n = 17) and the nonprogressing (n = 30) groups of carotid atherosclerosis when the progressing group included the patients with a delta plaque score of greater than or equal to 1.0 mm. Neither age, serum triglyceride level, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, pack-years of smoking, percentage of smokers, percentage of hypertensive patients, nor percentage of diabetic patients was different between the two groups. Carotid disease progression was significantly higher in patients with three-vessel coronary disease than in patients without significant coronary artery disease (p less than 0.005). There was a significant positive linear correlation between carotid disease progression and Gensini's coronary artery disease score (R = 0.411, p less than 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that severe coronary artery disease and a high serum total cholesterol level were strong predictors for carotid disease progression in Japanese patients with high rates of coronary artery disease.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Takayasu's arteritis with collateral circulation from the right coronary artery to intracranial vessels--a case report.

A forty-four-year-old woman with Takayasu's arteritis and involvement of the aortic arch and its main branches complained of precordial pain on effort. Exercise electrocardiograms revealed significant ST segment depression in leads II, III, aVF, and V. Coronary arteriograms demonstrated no stenosis. However, the right coronary arteriogram revealed collateral circulation arising from the sinus node artery to the bilateral vertebral arteries and the left internal carotid artery. The collateral circulation was considered to be an important route of blood flow supply to the brain and, at the same time, a cause of coronary steal syndrome and, consequently, of angina pectoris.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bond strengths of various materials to dentin using Amalgambond.

This study evaluated the bond strength of four restorative materials to dentin using Amalgambond. Two high-copper amalgams [Tytin; spherical, (T) and Epoque 80; lathe-cute, (E)], a gallium alloy [Gallium Alloy GF (G) and a resin composite [P-50 (P)] were tested. The polished dentin surface was treated with dentin-enamel activator (10 seconds), washed, dried, and adhesive agent was applied (30 seconds). In group A, the dentin adhesive was placed onto the dentin and while still wet, T, E, or G was condensed in cylinders (4 mm diameter) with condensation forces suggested by the manufacturer for a clinical situation. In group B, the cylindrical specimens of restorative material were allowed to set and then adhered to the treated dentin using the adhesive system. For the composite (control), the adhesive was applied to the treated dentin and while still wet, P was layered into the cylinder and cured for a total of 90 seconds. After storage in water (37 degrees C) for 24 hours, all the specimens were tested for tensile bond strength. This study revealed that the bond strength of P was significantly higher than the other materials tested and also that amalgam allowed to set for 1, 6 or 24 hours before adhesion to dentin had a significantly greater bond strength than freshly condensed amalgam. Although the desired high bond strength did not develop in the bonding of the metallic restorative materials, signs of bonding were found.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

[The clinical and pathological features of siblings with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy--early neurological, radiological, neuroelectrophysiological and neuropathological characteristics].

The clinical and pathological features of siblings with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy were reported. Early clinical symptoms were marked hypotonia in legs, mental regression and poor vision. Laboratory data were normal except for the mild elevation of GOT and LDH in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. MRI showed progressive atrophy of cerebellar vermis and brainstem. EEG showed a progressive increase in the amount and amplitude of the fast activities over the age of 3 years. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) showed progressive worsening with no response by 2 years and 6 months. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) showed no cortical response by 4 years. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of both motor and sensory nerves was within normal limits. Pathologically, spheroid bodies were found in the axons of central and peripheral nerves, remarkably in brainstem and dorsal column. MRI, ABR and SEP findings were clinically useful, suggestive of the degeneration of brainstem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Sialagogue-stimulated protein phosphorylation related to ornithine decarboxylase induction in cultured rat parotid explants.

Both beta-adrenergic (isoproterenol) and cholinergic (carbachol) sialagogues increase amylase secretion, ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis in murine parotid gland in vivo and in vitro. These agonists enhanced the incorporation of labelled inorganic orthophosphate into parotid proteins in rat parotid explants cultured on siliconized lens paper floating on serum-free 199 medium. Analysis of the labelled proteins by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography revealed that isoproterenol enhanced the phosphorylation of four proteins with apparent molecular weights of 17, 20, 31 and 32 kDa and carbachol stimulated the phosphorylation of 31 and 32 K proteins. Isoproterenol-dependent ornithine decarboxylase induction and phosphorylation of the proteins were selectively suppressed by monensin but not by polymyxin B, whereas carbachol-dependent ornithine decarboxylase induction and protein phosphorylation were inhibited by polymyxin B but not by monensin. Neither monensin nor polymyxin B suppressed isoproterenol- or carbachol-stimulated amylase secretion. Time course experiments showed that sialagogue-stimulated protein phosphorylation preceded the increase of ornithine decarboxylase activity and had almost disappeared when it was maximal. Propranolol and atropine, antagonists of isoproterenol and carbachol, respectively, completely inhibited not only amylase secretion and ornithine decarboxylase induction but also protein phosphorylation stimulated by the corresponding agonists. These findings suggest that increased phosphorylation of specific proteins is associated with sialagogue-stimulated ornithine decarboxylase induction but not amylase secretion.

Amylases↗
PubMed1991

[A case of aortitis syndrome with coronary steal syndrome due to collateral circulation from the right coronary artery to intracranial vessels].

A 44-year old female with aortitis syndrome complained of precordial pain on effort. Exercise electrocardiograms revealed significant ST segment depression in leads II, III, aVF and V. Coronary arteriograms demonstrated no stenosis. However, the right coronary arteriogram revealed collateral circulation arising from the sinus node artery to the bilateral vertebral arteries and the left internal carotid artery. Collateral vessels in aortitis.syndrome arising from the coronary artery to the lung have been reported sporadically. However, to our knowledge, the collateral circulation from the coronary artery to intracranial vessels as seen in the present case has never been reported. In the present case, the left ventricular hypertrophy was observed on electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. It can not be denied that it was a cause of the angina pectoris. However, exercise myocardial scintigraphy showed transient myocardial ischemia at stress on the inferoposterior wall corresponding to leads II, III, aVF and V on electrocardiograms. Therefore, coronary steal syndrome due to the collateral pathway from the coronary artery may be considered a likely cause of the angina pectoris. The collateral circulation was considered to be an important route of blood flow supply to the brain and, at the same time, a cause of coronary steal syndrome and consequently angina pectoris.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Changes in thyroid volume during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease and its relationship to TSH receptor antibodies, TSH and thyroglobulin.

Changes in thyroid volume during antithyroid drug therapy for Graves' disease compared with circulating thyroid parameters were evaluated. One hundred and forty-four patients with Graves' disease were treated with methimazole. Thyroid volume was measured by ultrasonography (thyroid volume = pi abc/6, where a is length, b width, and c depth). Serum TSH, TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins, thyroid-stimulating antibodies, thyroglobulin, antimicrosomal antibodies, and antithyroglobulin antibodies were also measured. In the whole group of patients, thyroid volume correlated significantly with thyroglobulin (p less than 0.01) and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (p less than 0.01), but not with TSH, antimicrosomal antibodies, and antithyroglobulin antibodies. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between thyroglobulin and TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (p less than 0.01). In 11 patients the mean thyroid volume decreased significantly after one year of therapy (p less than 0.01), associated with decreasing levels of serum TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins. Ten patients experienced transient hypothyroidism with an overdose of methimazole, and the mean thyroid volume increased significantly (p less than 0.01) with increasing serum TSH levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that TSH receptor antibodies may have a thyroid growth-stimulating effect. In addition, circulating thyroglobulin levels reflect thyroid volume in Graves' disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clinicopathological differences between early-onset and late-onset sepsis and pneumonia in very low birth weight infants.

We performed clinicopathological studies on early-onset sepsis (5 infants, less than 72 hours of life, EOS) and late-onset sepsis (15 infants, greater than 72 hours, LOS) of very low birth weight, less than 1500 g (VLBW). In EOS, the clinical features mimic the respiratory distress syndrome and hematological changes were not observed. The lungs showed slight interstitial pneumonia with structural immaturity, hyaline membranes, hemorrhage, and minimal infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). The pathogen was group B streptococcus or weakly gram-negative bacilli. In LOS, pneumonia proceeded to sepsis and neutropenia with elevated numbers of circulating immature neutrophils, and increased levels of C-reactive protein were observed at the onset of sepsis. Severe pneumonia with infiltration of numerous PMNs and bacterial colonies and polymicrobial infection by nosocomial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were common. The thymus and spleen weights varied but retained normal structure in EOS. The thymus was depleted of lymphocytes, and the spleen was hypertrophic but poorly reactive against infection in LOS. The pathogenesis of EOS is regarded as being more closely correlated with lung immaturity and circulatory disorder in early life, whereas that of LOS is associated with immunological defenses of the host, potency of the pathogens, and terminal multiple organ failure.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1990

[Dentofacial manifestations in children with vitamin D-dependent Rickets type II].

Calcification of the teeth, size of the teeth and dental arches, facial growth and calcification of the carpal bones were studied in three children with clinically different severities of vitamin D-dependent rickets (DDR), type II, with alopecia, which is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-receptor-defect rickets and is particularly resistant to treatment with calciferol analogues. They were treated in a pediatric clinic with large doses of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3(1 alpha-(OH)D3) and 2 g/day of calcium lactate. The results were as follows: 1. Hypoplasia of enamel of the deciduous teeth was not found. 2. In the deciduous teeth, large pulp chambers and thin dentin were seen in radiographs before treatment. In patients 1 and 2, these abnormalities were reversed by treatment. In patient 3, who had the severest manifestations, large pulp chambers and thin dentin decreased but still remained. 3. Growth of permanent teeth was retarded before treatment and during resistance to treatment. After effective medication, it caught up and was corrected. 4. Problems concerning maxillary and mandibular growth were not found. However Nasions of three patients were more front and lower and Orbitals were lower than standard. 5. In patients 1 and 2, the calcification of carpal bones was accelerated and in patient 3 retarded. 6. Mesiodistal dimensions of erupted deciduous and permanent teeth were within the standard range, except for patient 3, who had smaller lower deciduous teeth. 7. A ground section of the extracted upper right first deciduous molar from patient 3 showed abundant inter-globular dentin and lack of pre-dentinal layer. From the above findings, it was felt that in all probability dentinogenesis was disturbed by the DDR type II. Abnormally large pulp chambers and thin dentin could be corrected by effective medication. In patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II, oral hygiene for caries prevention is the most important procedure, because the pulp will be infected immediately after initiation of dental caries. After effective medication, permanent teeth and jaw bones will probably grow normally.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1990

Frequency analyses of EMG power spectra of anterior temporal and masseter muscles in children and adults.

To study the functional change of masticatory muscles during growth and development, frequency analyses of surface electromyogram (EMG) power spectra were carried out. The subjects were six children (five males and one female), aged 4.5 +/- 0.2 years, having full deciduous dentition (Hellman's dental age IIA) and six adults (four males and two females), aged 27.7 +/- 3.8 years, having full permanent dentition. EMG signals were recorded bilaterally by using bipolar silver-surface electrodes from the anterior temporal and masseter muscles while the subjects were chewing gum and while performing maximum clenching in the intercuspal position. A fast Fourier transform algorithm was used to obtain the power-spectral density function and the power spectra of the EMG signals. Since the total power value from 62.5 to 1000 Hz was 100 percent, the frequencies at 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent of the cumulative power were calculated. The results showed that the frequencies at every percent of the cumulative power were age-dependent and that the EMG power spectra patterns in adult muscles were shifted to significantly lower frequencies than those in child muscles. The shift was probably caused by differences in the proportion of fiber type and fiber size between muscles of children and adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Hypoplasia of tooth in children with inborn errors of metabolism].

For the investigation of the clinical dental manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism, the oral examination of twenty one children aged from 5 months to 15 years 5 months was performed at the pediatric clinic of inborn errors of metabolism. The results were as follows: 1. In six of seven histidinemia patients, white spots, pit or hypoplasia of enamel, fused teeth, peg teeth or abnormal tubercles were observed. 2. In a patient with GM1-gangliosidosis, the upper and lower central incisors had severe white spots. 3. In one patient with osteopetrosis, one of two glycogenosis type IX and one of two homocystinuria patients, white spots or hypoplasia of enamel were observed. 4. One patient with hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant ricket, one with vitamin D-dependent ricket type II and one with galactosemia patient had no enamel hypoplasia. It was strongly suggested that there is a specific relationship of histidinemia and GM1-gangliosidosis to dental manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the cooperation-enhancing approach in dealing with children in the dental setting. 4. Relationship between adaptability to dental treatment and behavioral and emotional reactions before and during treatment].

The correlation between the behavioral and emotional reactions before dental treatment and the adaptability to dental treatment was evaluated in 84 three-to-six-year old children. Also the physical behavior of the children, the verbal reaction of the children and the speaking of dentists to the children during treatment were investigated among 13 cooperative and 13 uncooperative three-to-six-year old children. Dental treatment was conducted with tooth brushing, surface anesthesia, infiltration anesthesia, rubber dam application, cavity preparation with air turbine, cavity preparation with electric motor and composite resin filling. The results are summarized as follows: 1. There was a significant correlation between twelve of the twenty behavioral and emotional reactions before treatment and the adaptability to dental treatment. 2. The children who showed an uncooperative behavior to dental treatment showed a higher score of physical behavior during each treatment than the children who showed a cooperative behavior to dental treatment. 3. The score of physical behavior increased as the treatment progressed from tooth brushing to infiltration anesthesia. Among the children who showed cooperative behavior, the score showed a peak at the infiltration of anesthesia and then decreased. On the other hand, the children who showed uncooperative behavior continued showing a high score. 4. The uncooperative children showed a higher frequency of verbal reaction and crying than the cooperative children. 5. The frequency of speaking of the dentist to the uncooperative children was one and a half times as much as to the cooperative children. More than sixty percent were "instructions" and "explanations" to both of the cooperative and uncooperative children. "Praise" was used more to the cooperative children, and "count 10" and "encourage" were used more to the uncooperative children.

Child↗