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Biomedical subjects

M Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishimura.

At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Clinical studies of cefoxitin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections (author's transl)].

A total of 42 patients who were suffering from respiratory tract infections were treated with cefoxitin, and the following results were obtained. 1. Out of 32 patients clinically evaluated, excellent or good responses were observed in 30 patients (94%). 2. Presumed causative organisms were isolated in 14 patients. The organisms were eradicated in 11 patients and the eradication rate was 79% (11/14). The number of the organisms decreased or unchanged in 1 patient each. In other 1 patient the pathogenic agent was replaced with other agents during the course of treatment. 3. As for the side effects, skin eruption was observed in 3 patients. One patient received drugs other than cefoxitin concomitantly that might have caused the eruption. Another patient had an allergic history to many antibiotics. In 4 patients slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were observed but improved soon after the completion of cefoxitin treatment. In 1 patient an elevation of serum creatinine was observed but this was not attributed to the administration of cefoxitin. 4. From the results stated above, cefoxitin is considered to be a safe and effective antibiotic which can be one of the first-choice antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Surface potential dependence of the distribution of charged dye molecules onto photosynthetic membranes.

Partition of merocyanine dyes, which have a negative charge, onto photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts and bacteria was analyzed by measuring the fluorescence intensity change, absorbance change, and amount of dye in the supernatant after centrifugation. The partition depended on the surface potential, which is a function of valence and concentration of ions in the medium. The distribution of dyes between the membrane and aqueous phase was determined after centrifugation. The logarithm of the ratio of distribution was linearly related to the logarithm of salt concentration as predicted from the Gouy-Chapman theory and the Boltzmann distribution. Plots of the logarithm of fluorescence intensity against the logarithm of KCl and MgSO4 concentrations gave two straight lines with a slope ratio of about two. The absorbance change upon salt addition was also explained by the Gouy-Chapman theory. The use of these dyes as probes of the surface potential of membranes is discussed.

Benzoxazoles↗
PubMed1981

Isoenzymes of sugar phosphate metabolism in endosperm of germinating castor beans.

Two isoenzymes each of phosphoglucomutase, hexose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, fructose diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase have been separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography of extracts from endosperm of germinating castor beans (Ricinus communis cv. Hale). One of each of the enzymes is localized in the cytosol and the other is confined to plastids. Developmental studies of these isoenzymes were carried out to clarify their roles in the endosperm. In extracts from ungerminated seeds the activities of marker enzymes of mitochondria (fumarase), plastids (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase), and glyoxysomes (catalase) were low, but phosphoglucomutase, hexose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were present in relatively high activity. The total amounts of these enzymes increased 3- to 4-fold during the first 5 days of growth. The activities of isoenzymes in the plastids rose in parallel with that of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to reach a maximum at day 4, and like the carboxylase they declined sharply thereafter. The activities of the cytosolic isoenzymes peaked at day 5. These changes are consistent with the roles previously proposed for the sequences present in plastid and cytosol.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Effects of 4-tertiary butyl catechol on melanocytes of hairless mice.

Depigmentary effects of 4-tertiary butyl catechol (TBC) on UV-stimulated melanocytes on the flanks and naturally active melanocytes of ears were compared in Uscd strain hairless mice. UVB irradiation, twice a week for 1 or 2 mo, induced brown-black pigmentation on the flanks. A 1 M TBC application twice a week for 1 mo not only prevented the UV-stimulated pigmentation, but also promoted fading of the post-UV tanning. Dopa-stained split epidermal sheets showed a decrease in the number of melanocytes to less than one-half during the first month of TBC treatment. Melanocytes were often enlarged or lost their dendrites, and both premelanosomes and melanosomes showed ultrastructural changes. However, TBC application on the ears for 1 mo showed neither color change nor a decrease in the number of melanocytes. There were ultrastructural changes in melanocytes but the degree of abnormality was much less than those seen in UV-stimulated melanocytes. Continuation of TBC application for 2 mo with the UV irradiation on the flanks or the nonirradiated ears caused an increase in the number of melanocytes. These results suggest that the initial effect of TBC may be primarily cytotoxicity to melanocytes, and may correlate with their cellular functions. The stimulatory effects of TBC on melanocytes seen during the longer period of time requires further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Contribution of alkaloid fraction to pressor and hyperglycemic effect of crude Ephedra extract in dogs.

In anesthetized dogs, pressor and hyperglycemic effects of Ephedra aqueous extract as well as its alkaloid fraction and adsorption of alkaloid from the digestive tract were studied in order to investigate how closely effects of the alkaloid fraction relate to those of the Ephedra extract itself. Blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose concentration were increased by intraduodenal administration of the extract and the alkaloid fraction on the bases of the same alkaloid content (20 mg/Kg). In respect to the pressor and hyperglycemic effects, changes in time course of the effects produced by these two drug preparations were similar and in either of the two physiological parameters the maximal value given by the extract was about a half that given by the alkaloid fraction. A maximal level of blood pressure and blood glucose concentration was reached 10-15 min after the administration of the two drug preparations, while the amount of alkaloid absorbed in the portal vein until this time was about 2-3 times as much under administration of the alkaloid fraction as under administration of the extract. Absorption of alkaloid in the extract occurred slowly and lasted longer compared with that of the alkaloid fraction itself. On the contrary, the alkaloid-free extract administered intraduodenally showed no virtual effects on blood pressure and blood glucose concentration except producing tachycardia. It seems that the effect of Ephedra extract on blood pressure and blood glucose concentration was mostly qualitatively and quantitatively represented by that of alkaloid contained and that effect of the extract mainly depended on that of alkaloid absorbed early after its application.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1981

Experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema. Part 1: The role of systemic hypertension.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) was produced consistently in normal cats by increasing intracranial pressure with an intraventricular infusion of mock cerebrospinal fluid. The usual elevation of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) that follows severe intracranial hypertension (the "Cushing response") was controlled by blood withdrawal at variable rates to achieve and maintain constant cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in three groups of cats of 50, 20, and 0 mm Hg, respectively, for 30 minutes. In this model, NPE occurs in the absence of increased SAP and in the presence of decreasing CPP. These results indicate that systemic arterial hypertension is not an essential stimulus for the development of NPE, and suggest that the lungs are directly affected by the intense sympathetic discharge evoked by severe intracranial hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema Part 2: The role of cardiopulmonary pressure change.

Pressure changes in the aorta, left atrium, and main pulmonary artery were measured before, during, and after inducing increased intracranial pressure in cats. By selectively controlling each of the three pressures, it was concluded that pulmonary arterial hypertension is the single most important precursor of experimental neurogenic pulmonary edema. An earlier observation that neurogenic pulmonary edema may develop in the absence of systemic arterial hypertension was confirmed.

Animals↗