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Biomedical subjects

M Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishimura.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Comparison of clinico-epidemiological features of lung cancer patients with and without a history of smoking.

In order to study the characteristics of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers, clinico-epidemiological features of 943 lung cancer patients treated in the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital from 1964-77 were analyzed according to their smoking histories. About 70% of both male and female patients who smoked fell in Group I (squamous cell, small cell and large cell carcinomas), while of those who did not smoke, 50% of the male and 36% of the female patients fell in Group I. The mean age of the patients who smoked was about 60 yr and that of the nonsmokers was 55 yr in both men and women. It was estimated that about 70% of the Group I tumors originated from main, segmental or subsegmental bronchi, but half of the Group II tumors (adenocarcinoma) originated from peripheral bronchi in both smokers and nonsmokers. One-third of the tumors were seen in the apical and subapical segments of the upper lobes regardless of the smoking history. There was no difference between the survival rates for the patients with and without a history of smoking.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of interferon and its inducers on neutrophil chemiluminescence].

In order to evaluate effects of interferon (IFN) and its inducers on neutrophil functions, neutrophil chemiluminescence (ChL) was assayed in 12 patients treated with IFN (human lymphoblastoid interferon, 3.0 X 10(6) units/day i.m. daily) or Ge-132 (2,250 mg/day p.o. daily). The peak levels of neutrophil ChL, assayed one week after the initiation of treatment, were increased in comparison to those before treatment, but one month after treatment they were decreased to pretreatment levels in spite of the daily administration of the agent. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that IFN and Ge-132 enhanced the host defence mechanism including the activation of neutrophils, which appeared at the early phase of the host reaction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Therapeutic results of 43 cases of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia].

Between July, 1976 and June, 1984, 43 adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia were treated with a V(V') P [vincristine (vindesine), prednisolone] followed by DV(V')MP [daunomycin, vincristine (vindesine), 6-mercaptopurine, prednisolone] and V(V')AP [vincristine (vindesine), 1-asparaginase, prednisolone] regimen. They were all previously untreated and aged 15 and over. Complete remission (CR) was attained in 41.9% of cases by V(V')P alone, the CR rate being increased up to 62.8% by the sequential administration of DV(V')MP, and to 74.4% by the further administration of V(V')AP. The median duration of CR was 5.6 months; it was 10.9 months for patients with the maintenance therapy and 1.3 months for patients without it. For patients who achieved CR, the median survival time (MST) was 21.3 months compared to 2.7 months for those who failed to achieve CR. As for the maintenance therapy, MST was 22.3 months for patients who received it, and 9.5 months for patients who did not. Factors associated with significantly lower rate of CR were: lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. The CR rate was somewhat lower for patients aged over 20 and with hyperleukocytosis (above 40,000/cmm). Shorter remissions tended to be associated with ages over 20 and with hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Patients who obtained CR by the sequential administration of the V(V')AP regimen showed somewhat shorter CR duration compared with to those who obtained CR by V(V')P alone and by the sequential administration of DV(V')MP. Survival was significantly shorter for patients who failed to achieve CR, with B-ALL and with hyperleukocytosis. Shorter survival was also observed among patients with ages above 60 compared to those with ages below 20.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of glycolate oxidase from pumpkin cotyledons.

Glycolate oxidase was purified and crystallized from cotyledons of germinating pumpkin seedlings. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 280,000-320,000, consisting of 8 identical subunits with molecular weight of 38,000. There are two absorption peaks at 340 and 450 nm, indicating the glycolate oxidase is a flavin protein. Several kinetic parameters were determined, Km (glycolate) 0.33 mM and Km (O2) 76.2 microM at pH 8.0. Oxalate and oxalacetate were found to be potent competitive inhibitors against glycolate; the Ki values for oxalate and oxalacetate were 4.5 and 7.8 mM, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic acid inhibited the enzyme noncompetitively; the Km for linoleic acid was 0.63 mM. The regulation of glycolate oxidase in the glycolate pathway occurring in leaf peroxisomes is discussed.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Membrane action and catecholamine release action of bretylium tosylate in normoxic and hypoxic canine Purkinje fibers.

Electrophysiologic effects of bretylium tosylate on transmembrane action potentials of canine Purkinje fibers were studied by microelectrode methods. Perfusion of this agent (20 mg/liter) prolonged the action potential duration and the effective refractory period, but did not alter the maximal diastolic potential, upstroke phase of the action potential and membrane responsiveness curve under normal oxygenation. With a hypoxic superfusion, the action potential amplitude, maximal diastolic potential, maximal rate of depolarization and action potential duration were all decreased. Subsequent addition of bretylium antagonized all these effects of hypoxia and restored the action potential variables to control values. However, similar effects of hypoxia observed in Purkinje fibers pretreated with reserpine were not reversed by bretylium except for a prolongation of repolarization. These results suggest that antiarrhythmic effects of bretylium in hypoxic or depressed myocardium are probably due to: 1) increased maximal rate of depolarization (and conduction velocity) caused by membrane hyperpolarization, and 2) prolongation of the effective refractory period. The first electrophysiologic action appears to depend on catecholamine release by bretylium, as hyperpolarization was not observed in reserpine-pretreated Purkinje fibers. The second effect may represent a direct membrane action.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone-resistant Escherichia coli mutant that exhibits a temperature-sensitive unc phenotype.

Two spontaneous Escherichia coli mutant strains which are resistant to an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, were isolated. Strain CM22 (ccr-2) was resistant to another uncoupler, pentachlorophenol, and to the inhibitors of proton-translocating ATPase, namely tributyltin and sodium azide. Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone or pentachlorophenol administered to cell suspensions of strain CM22 did not cause a pH change induced by H+ influx, and a similar result was obtained with everted particles. The respiratory rate of strain CM22 with succinate was twice that of wild-type strain KH434. When carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone was administered, a stimulation of O2 uptake was observed in wild-type strain KH434 but not in the mutant strain CM22. Strain CM22 did not grow on succinate at 42 degrees C. Isolation of a true revertant at a frequency of 10(-8) demonstrated that the pleiotropic phenotype was induced by a single mutation. P1 transduction indicated that the mutant allele, ccr-2, was cotransduced with the ilv genes at a frequency of about 55%.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1983

Hepatic gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in alcoholic fatty liver: comparison with other liver enzymes in man and rats.

Compared with controls, patients with alcoholic fatty liver showed a significant increase of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity both in the liver and serum, whereas alkaline phosphatase activity was raised only in the liver but not in the serum. The activities of other enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase remained virtually unchanged in the liver of patients with alcoholic fatty liver but were strikingly enhanced in the serum. The hepatic and serum alterations of enzymic activities observed in patients with alcoholic fatty liver could be reproduced in the rat model of alcoholic fatty liver only for gamma-glutamyltransferase but not for the other enzymes tested, substantiating evidence that the animal model may serve as an appropriate tool for studying interactions between alcohol and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The present experiments also indicate that the primary cause for increased serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities associated with prolonged alcohol consumption is hepatic enzyme induction rather than liver cell injury.

Adult↗