[An application of personal computer for analysis of oxygen desaturation during sleep].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nishimura
Publications and source records attributed to M Nishimura.
[Significance of creatinine analysis in clinical tests].
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Adult↗
[Ultrasound imaging of the muscle in muscular dystrophy].
Ultrasound imaging of muscle was performed on 40 patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on lower and upper extremities. In the control subjects, there was good visualization of bone and fascia with echo-free muscle tissue. With progression of the disease, the muscle echo was increased with corresponding loss of fascia echo in muscular dystrophy. A few advanced cases showed relatively echo-free muscle because of diffuse adipose tissue infiltration. Ultrasound imaging can reveal the muscular lesion and its distribution, and is valuable for monitoring the progression of the disease.
Adolescent↗
[Quantitative comparison of ventilator-induced work during simulated CPAP in eight demand-flow valve ventilators].
The ventilator-induced work during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode in demand-valve ventilators was evaluated by using a piston pump as a simulator for active breathing. A piston pump delivered and withdrew a stroke volume of 500 ml at rates of 10, 20 and 40 cycle.min-1 with a sinusoidal waveform. A hot-wire flowmeter and a differential pressure transducer were interposed between the pump and ventilators and their signals were fed to a microcomputer to display a pressure-volume loop. The area of the loop was divided into the four parts. Inspiratory work associated with the opening of the demand valve was represented by the area of baseline airway pressure (BPa) during inspiration. The remaining area during inspiration reflected the work done by the ventilators. Expiratory work for overcoming the flow resistance of the expiratory apparatus was represented by the area above BPa during exhalation. The fourth was the area below the baseline during exhalation. The Puritan-Bennett 7200a, the Bear 5, the Siemens Servo 900C, the Hamilton Veolar, the Bird 6400ST, the Engström Erica, the Dräger EV-A, and the CPU-1 were examined at varying CPAP and pressure support levels. Because of demand valve oscillation throughout inspiration, the inspiratory workload of the Bear 5, the Siemens Servo 900C, the Hamilton Veolar, the Bird 6400ST, and the Dräger EV-A could not be calculated. Expiratory flow-resistive work was higher in the Siemens Servo 900C and the Bird 6400ST than the others. The present system can assess the entire performance of ventilators, and may serve to compare ventilators' performance.
Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
[Endothelin and endogenous digitalis-like substance in cardiovascular regulation: a review].
Recent findings on endothelin, an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor substance and endogenous digitalislike Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor (s) obtained from animal and clinical experiments are reviewed. Endothelin is one of the most potent vasoconstrictive substances ever found; the pressor responses last for more than one hour after the bolus injection in rats. Because the pressor responses have not been attenuated by any known receptor-antagonists, the vasoconstriction is mediated by the endothelin receptors. Since messenger RNA for endothelin increases with thrombin, it may be involved in the damages of blood vessels. Radioimmunoassay for endothelin revealed that immunoreactive endothelin is increased in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. Therefore, the plasma level of endothelin can be an index for some circulatory disorders. Since the Na+, K+-ATPase inhibitor cross-reacts with antidigoxin and antiouabain antibody, it is called a digitalis-like substance. We have demonstrated that cells containing the immunoreactive-substance to antidigoxin and antiouabain antibodies are restricted in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and that the plasma digoxinlike immunoreactivity increases with intracerebroventricular and intravenous infusions of hypertonic saline in rats. Because plasma concentrations of the immunoreactive substance significantly correlate with blood pressure, the substance seems to be involved in hypertension associated with excess intake of sodium salt.
Animals↗
[Basic study on the prevention of bedsores in aged patients--incidence and factors responsible for the development of bedsores among aged institutionalized patients].
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Aged↗
Beige rat: a new animal model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
Although Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) has been found in various mammalian species, it has not been described in rats. Since giant granules characterizing CHS are easily recognizable in mast cells of beige (CHS) mice, we screened mast-cell granules in the auricle of some mutant rats, of which coat color was diluted by mutation. Giant granules of mast cells were found in a mutant trait that occurred in the inbred colony of the DA strain rat maintained in Hamamatsu University School of Medicine. Giant granules were also observed in neutrophils and pigment cells of the eye. In this mutant, either spontaneous migration or chemotaxis of neutrophils was impaired, and the bleeding time was prolonged. Blood serotonin level of the mutant was about one tenth that of the normal congenic rat, and injection of serotonin normalized the bleeding time of the mutant. Moreover, the natural killer activity of the mutant was significantly impaired. These results indicated that this mutation was comparable to CHS of humans and mice, and we designated it as "beige." Since rats are more favorable than mice for some types of experiments, the beige rat is potentially useful as an animal model of CHS.
Animals↗
[An analysis of DNA histogram and the expression of carbohydrate antigens regarding the degree of malignancy in gastric cancer].
We investigated both DNA histogram and the expression of carbohydrate antigens concerning to 168 patients with gastric cancer. Gastric cancer with type II DNA ploidy pattern showed a high incidence of vascular invasion and liver metastasis in the DNA analysis. Furthermore, ten patients with Stage II died of recurrence of gastric cancer within 2 years, of these nine patients showed type II or III DNA ploidy pattern. Then, gastric cancer with type II or III DNA ploidy pattern showed a high incidence of the expression of carbohydrate antigens, where they tended to distribute to cytoplasm and stroma. In conclusion, an analysis of nuclear DNA content appeared useful to predict prognosis in gastric cancer, in which type II DNA ploidy pattern showed the highest degree of malignancy, and both the expression of carbohydrate antigens and their localization possibly fill the role of parameter of the degree of malignancy.
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
An immunohistological study of gastric cancer--with special reference to the expression of carbohydrate antigens and nuclear DNA ploidy patterns.
The expression of carbohydrate antigens specific to Span-1, CA 19.9, and SLEX in cancer tissues and nuclear DNA ploidy patterns were studied from tissue specimens of lesions excised from 137 patients with gastric cancer. The frequency of detection of each antigen was augmented with advanced invasion depth and progress in regional lymph node metastasis. In the cases which were positive for all three kinds of antigens, lymph node metastasis and lymphatic or venous invasion were detected with significantly higher frequencies than in the negative cases. The DNA histograms showed a DNA ploidy pattern of Type Ia or Ib in the cases negative for these antigens and a non-diploid or aneuploid pattern of Type II or III in many of the positive cases. These findings suggest that an immunohistological study of gastric cancer using monoclonal antibodies, combined with a nuclear DNA ploidy analysis, might be useful for understanding malignancy of the tumour.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Analysis of granulomatous arteritis in MRL/Mp autoimmune disease mice bearing lymphoproliferative genes. The use of mouse genetics to dissociate the development of arteritis and glomerulonephritis.
MRL/Mp mice bearing the lymphoproliferation gene (lpr) spontaneously develop systemic granulomatous arteritis coincident with glomerulonephritis (GNP). Although the association of lpr-dependent lymphoproliferation in these mice seems to be a prerequisite for the development of granulomatous arteritis, the genetic basis is poorly understood. The first approach to this problem was to study the ability of another, nonallelic, lymphoproliferative gene, gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease), inducing arteritis in MRL/Mp mice. The gld gene was placed on an MRL/Mp background by producing reciprocal (MRL/Mp-+/+ X C3H/Hej-gld/gld)F2 hybrid mice. Seventeen percent of these mice with lymphoproliferation had arteritis and GNP, suggesting that more than one lymphoproliferative gene could induce GNP and arteritis in an MRL/Mp background. Next, the effect of rearrangements in the genetic background of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice by hybridization with non-autoimmune lpr-bearing mice was examined. This was done by making MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr X reciprocal (MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr X C57BL/6-lpr/lpr)F1 mice. Thirty-three percent of these mice developed arteritis, but one third of these did not get GNP, thus showing that susceptibility to arteritis was separate from GNP. The histopathologic features of the arteritis in both the F2 hybrids and the backcross mice were granulomatous and were identical to those seen in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. These findings suggested that it might be possible to dissociated two components (arteritis and GNP) of a severe autoimmune disease of MRL/Mp mice and to study their pathogenesis separately.
Animals↗
[Three cases with an extensive lesion in the dependent portion of the lungs diagnosed by chest CT-scan].
Three patients whose lung diseases are diagnosed with CT-scan are reported. A patient showed severe hypoxemia without any abnormal shadow on chest X-P. CT-scan revealed a diffuse and extensive lesion in the dependent portion. We performed his respiratory care in prone position. CT-scan of the second patient with aspiration pneumonia revealed that the lesion existed in the dependent portion. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema of the third patient was found to be distributed mainly in the dependent portion by CT-scan. We consider that CT-scan is useful when chest X-P gives little information.
Humans↗
Acute renal failure secondary to rhabdomyolysis associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm.
Rhabdomyolysis, a massive necrosis of skeletal muscle, is caused by various traumatic and non-traumatic factors. We report on a 30-year-old male in whom dissecting aortic aneurysm diagnosed by computed tomography was responsible for the generation of rhabdomyolytic acute renal failure. The patient was successfully treated by repeated hemodialyses and corrective surgery for aortic regurgitation and dissecting aortic aneurysm (Bentall's operation).
Acute Kidney Injury↗
Digital arterial occlusions without acral ischemic change as the first manifestation of polycythemia vera.
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Aged↗
An analysis of the DNA ploidy patterns of gastric cancer.
This article deals with DNA measurements by fluorometry of nuclei in 33 freshly obtained specimens and in 109 fixed specimens of gastric cancer in Japanese patients. Histograms of the DNA measurements can be classified into four types (Ia, Ib, II, III). The nuclear DNA patterns had definite, if not significant, correlations with clinical and histologic parameters. For example, 88.2% of the cases classified as Type III were advanced stage disease, whereas early stage cases were predominant in Type Ia. Type II and III were frequently found in hepatic, peritoneal, and lymph node metastasis. The rate of occurrence of polyploid cells was significantly higher in the group with hepatic or lymph node metastasis than in the other group without metastasis. The results of this study show that fluorometric measurement of nuclear DNA is considered one method of determining the biological activity of gastric cancer cells.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Physiological significance of plasma free and conjugated dopamine in healthy volunteers--with special reference to sympathetic nerve activity].
In order to elucidate the physiological significance of plasma dopamine, blood pressure, pulse rate (PR), plasma concentrations of free or conjugated dopamine (free or conjugated pDA), noradrenaline (pNA) and adrenaline (pAd) were measured in 9 healthy volunteers. Blood sampling for the measurements was performed at a basal condition maintaining a supine position for 60 minutes, after twenty minutes 60 degrees head-up tilt (tilt) and an intravenous infusion of 1000 ml 0.9% saline for 2 hours. Following tilt, mean values in diastolic and mean blood pressure, PR, pNA and pAd were significantly increased, while free, conjugated and total pDA were decreased. On the other hand, saline infusion yielded significant decreases in hematocrit, pNA, free, conjugated and total pDA, but blood pressure, PR and pAd remained at the same level. Free/conjugated pDA ratio did not change during tilt or saline infusion. The basal value of free, conjugated or total pDA did not significantly correlate with blood pressure, PR, pNA or pAd, respectively. Furthermore, no significant correlations between the changes in pDAs and hemodynamic parameters, pNA or pAd by tilt or saline infusion were observed. From these results, it was suggested that plasma free or conjugated dopamine in physiological conditions may not be released from sympathetic nerve endings or adrenomedullary glands. Further investigations are needed to clarify the physiological significance of plasma dopamine in humans.
Adult↗
Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA coding for pumpkin 11-S globulin beta subunit.
cDNA coding for preproglobulin beta, a precursor protein of 11-S globulin beta subunit, was cloned and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. The sequence covers the whole coding region (1440 base pairs) with 5' and 3' noncoding region (30 and 214 base pairs, respectively). The deduced amino acid sequence of preproglobulin beta consists of a 21-amino-acid N-terminal signal peptide, preceding the acidic gamma polypeptide region (275 amino acids) and the subsequent basic delta region (184 amino acids). The site for post-translational cleavage of the precursor polypeptide to make the gamma and delta chains is estimated to be located between the asparagine-glycine residues. The N-terminal amino acid of the gamma chain of mature 11-S globulin beta subunit was reported to be blocked by 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) [Ohmiya et al. (1980) Plant Cell Physiol. 21, 157-167]. It was shown that the blocked N-terminal amino acid is coded as a glutamine residue. The derived amino acid sequence was also compared with those of precursor proteins of other 11-S globulins such as soybean glycinin, cotton beta globulin, pea legumin and rape 11-S globulin by dot matrix analysis.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The central projection of masticatory afferent fibers to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex and upper cervical spinal cord.
Retrograde and anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) conjugate was used to study the organization of primary afferent neurons innervating the masticatory muscles. HRP applied to the nerves of jaw-closing muscles--the deep temporal (DT), masseter (Ma), and medial pterygoid (MP)--labeled cells in the trigeminal ganglion and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vmes), whereas HRP applied to nerves of the jaw-opening muscles--anterior digastric (AD) and mylohyoid (My)--labeled cells only in the trigeminal ganglion. Cell bodies innervating the jaw-closing muscles were found with greater frequency in the intermediate region of the mandibular subdivision, while somata supplying the jaw-opening muscles were predominant posterolaterally. The distribution of their somatic sizes was unimodal and limited to a subpopulation of smaller cells. Projections of the muscle afferents of ganglionic origin to the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (TSNC) were confined primarily to the caudal half of pars interpolaris (Vi), and the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns. In the Vi, Ma, MP, AD, and My nerves terminated in the lateral-most part of the nucleus with an extensive overlap in projections, save for the DT nerve, which projected to the interstitial nucleus or paratrigeminal nucleus. In the medullary and upper cervical dorsal horns, the main terminal fields of individual branches were confined to laminae I/V, but the density of the terminals in lamina V was very sparse. The rostrocaudal extent of the terminal field in lamina I differed among the muscle afferents of origin, whereas in the mediolateral or dorsoventral axis, a remarkable overlap in projections was noted between or among muscle afferents. The terminals of DT afferents were most broadly extended from the rostral level of the pars caudalis to the C3 segment, whereas the MP nerve showed limited projection to the middle one-third of the pars caudalis. Terminal fields of the Ma, AD, and My nerves appeared in the caudal two-thirds of the pars caudalis including the first two cervical segments, the caudal half of the pars caudalis and the C1 segment, and in the caudal part of the pars caudalis including the rostral C1 segment, respectively. This rostrocaudal arrangement in the projections of muscle nerves, which corresponds to the anteroposterior length of the muscles and their positions, indicates that representation of the masticatory muscles in lamina I reflects an onion-skin organization. These results suggest that primary muscle afferent neurons of ganglionic origin primarily mediate muscle pain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Afferent Pathways↗
Zinc antagonizes the effect of botulinum type A toxin at the mouse neuromuscular junction.
Zn2+ (10-100 microM) elevated the frequency of miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) in the mouse diaphragm. The effect did not depend on external Ca2+. Botulinum type A toxin (BTXA, 50 ng/ml) abolished MEPPs almost completely within 30 min. Zn2+ (100 microM) restored MEPPs and increased their frequency after they had been abolished by BTXA in Ca2+ -free solutions. The antagonistic effect of Zn2+ in the Ca2+ -free solution was reduced by exposing the diaphragm to the toxin in the Ca2+ -free solutions containing high K+. Thus, the action of BTXA is probably enhanced by depolarization of the motor nerve terminals.
Animals↗