Biomedical subjects
M Nishijima
Publications and source records attributed to M Nishijima.
[Effects of local anesthetics on fetal heart rate patterns and neonatal neurobehavior].
Changes in FHR after local anesthetic administration were analyzed and the neonatal neurobehavioral status was evaluated by the use of Amiel-Tison's NACS (Neurologic and Adaptive Capacity Scoring System). The following results were obtained. After the epidural administration of 35 mg bupivacaine transient ominous FHR changes were noted in 12 out of 99 cases, two of which followed maternal hypotension and five followed uterine hyperactivity. Among 13 out of 43 paracervical blocks by 200mg lidocaine transient FHR changes were noted; "post PCB bradycardia"/late deceleration with decreasing variability was seen after 7 blocks and variable deceleration with increasing variability after 6 blocks. The plasma bupivacaine level of the umbilical vein was 154.4 +/- 24.5 ng/ml (UV/MV 0.26) and of the neonatal vein at the 4th day was 15.1 +/- 3.8 ng/ml (in 71% of cases there was a trace). The score of NACS tended to be lower 3-6 hrs. after birth, but at the 4th neonatal day no significant difference was noted between groups with and without regional analgesics. Although local anesthetics might cause some FHR changes in cases with low fetal reserve, clinical effects are minimal in cases of term AGA. However, particular care must be taken in such high risk cases as IUGR.
pH-dependent Ca2+ interaction with phospholipids related to phosphatidylethanolamine N-methylation.
The interactions of PE and its N-methylated derivatives (PME, PDE AND PC) WITH Ca2+ were examined. PE and the intermediate phospholipids of PE N-methylation (PME and PDE) interacted with Ca2+ in a pH-dependent and reversible manner. When these phospholipids were present in the heptane phase, Ca2+ in the aqueous phase was translocated into the heptane phase at alkaline pH but not at acidic pH. PDE was also effective for the translocation even at around neutral pH, while PC hardly translocated Ca2+ at pH 6.0-9.2. The amounts of Ca2+ interacting with these phospholipids were in the following order: PDE is greater than PME is greater than PE is much greater than PC. P1, phosphatidic acid and PS interacted with Ca2+ in the whole pH range examined. The Ca2+ interactions with P1 and phosphatidic acid were independent of pH, while PS interacted with more Ca2+ at alkaline pH. These phospholipids interacted with Ca2+ most strongly among the cations studied. Liposomes containing PDE also bound the highest amounts Ca2+ among PE and its N-methylated derivatives. Furthermore, mammalian cultured cell membranes, which contain increased amounts of PDE by in vivo modification with N,N'-dimethylethanolamine, bound more Ca2+ than those prepared from choline-treated control cells.
Regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in mammalian cells. Isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell pleiotropic mutant defective in both choline kinase and choline-exchange reaction activities.
By means of an in situ autoradiographic assay for the base-exchange reaction of phospholipids with L-serine in Chinese hamster ovary cell colonies immobilized on filter paper ( Esko , J.D. and Raetz , C.R.H. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 1190-1193), a mutant (designated 89.1) was isolated in which the specific activity of the serine-exchange enzyme was about 2-fold less than in the parent. Unexpectedly, it was demonstrated that in extracts of the mutant the specific activities of both ATP:choline phosphotransferase (choline kinase) (EC 2.7.1.32) and the enzyme that catalyzes the base-exchange of phospholipids with choline (choline-exchange enzyme) were strikingly reduced (3- to 4-fold and 10- to 15-fold, respectively), while the specific activities of other enzymes of phosphatidylcholine synthesis were normal. Several lines of evidence presented here suggested that the partial defect of serine-exchange activity in this mutant was due to a decrease of acceptor phospholipid(s) for the reaction. The growth rates and phospholipid compositions of the mutant and parent were quite similar. However, mutant 89.1 exhibited a significant defect in its ability in vivo to synthesize phosphatidylcholine. The fact that the mutant was also defective in phosphorylcholine biosynthesis in vivo, together with the finding of an enzymatic lesion of the mutant in choline kinse in vitro as described above, clearly demonstrated that with respect to the reduced phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis the primary defect was at the level of choline kinase. In addition to the decreased synthetic rate of phosphatidylcholine, the turnover rate of phosphatidylcholine was also reduced approximately 2-fold in this mutant. These decreased rates of both synthesis and degradation of phosphatidylcholine probably account for the identical phosphatidylcholine contents between the mutant and parent. As a conclusion, it may be given that strain 89.1 is a pleiotropic mutant which possesses several alterations in phosphatidylcholine metabolism, and such mammalian mutants have not been isolated previously.
Electrothrombosis of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula by copper needle insertion.
Electrothrombosis by copper needle insertion was used to treat three cases of spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula. These patients had been treated conservatively for 6 months or more, but their symptoms had not improved. Angiography showed that the feeding arteries were branches of both the ipsilateral internal and the ipsilateral external carotid artery. Frontotemporal craniotomy was performed, and copper needles were inserted transdurally into the cavernous sinus. Closure of the fistula was verified by intraoperative angiography in all cases, and the symptoms improved after the operation. However, one patient had postoperative transient 3rd nerve palsy. Another had Gerstmann's syndrome due to narrowing of the internal carotid artery by a needle and worsening of the preoperative 6th nerve palsy. In one case, the operation was uneventful. Based on our experience, we discuss several problems with this technique.
[Protective effect of mannitol in cerebral infarction--CT findings and physiological observation in experimental cerebral infarction in dogs].
Sequential changes of low density area in CT scan and sequential changes of neurons in light microscopical study following occlusion were investigated. Similar observations were also made with the administration of 20% mannitol (2g/kg) prior to occlusion to determine the effect in preventing cerebral infarction. In these experiments we used our previously published "complete cerebral hemispheric infarction model in dogs" which was produced by ipsilateral occlusion of the A1 and A2 segment of anterior cerebral artery, ophthalmic artery, internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery and the junction of the posterior communicating artery and posterior cerebral artery. Sequential changes in CT findings of 4 untreated control animals showed a low density area 3 hours after the occlusion in each animals. After 6 hours, these areas became more distinct. On the other hand in 3 mannitol treated animals, the low density area was not distinct 6 hours after the occlusion. In light microscopical study of 5 untreated control animals, no normal neurons were seen 4 hours after occlusion, and shrinkage and swelling was seen in roughly 80% of the neurons 6 hours after the occlusion. However, in 2 mannitol treated animals, 30% normal neurons were seen 4 hours after occlusion, and shrinkage and swelling was seen only 10-20% 6 hours after the occlusion.
[Effect of total parenteral nutrition on the nutritional status and immunocompetence in host and on the tumor growth].
Present study was undertaken to reveal the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on the immunocompetence associated with nutritional status and on the tumor growth. The 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide induced Sato Lung Carcinoma was transplanted subcutaneously on the back of Donryu rats. Rats were controlled by TPN, low calorie infusion or oral feeding for one or two weeks. Each group was subdivided into chemotherapy and non chemotherapy group. Chemotherapy was performed with adriamycin or ACNU. Tumor bulk was bigger in the well nourished TPN rats than in malnourished group, revealing an accelerated tumor growth by TPN. Despite no significant change in polyamine level and phosphorylation activity, thymidine kinase activity and mitotic index in tumor were significantly higher in TPN than in low calorie infusion. Compared to the results of low calorie infusion, higher activity of IgG, IgM plaque forming cells and lymphocytic blastformation by PHA was suggested the good maintenance of both cellular and humoral immunity in well nourished rats. There was no positive evidence to support the facilitated effect of chemotherapeutic agents in TPN. However, TPN decreased an incidence of adverse reactions of chemotherapy such as loss of weight, leukopenia. Survival rate of rats at nine weeks after treatment also showed the favorable effect of TPN on chemotherapy.
[Unilateral visual field defect due to optic nerve compression by non-sclerotic internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries. A case report].
A case of unilateral visual field defect due to optic nerve compression by non-sclerotic internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries was reported. A 14-year-old boy was admitted to our department because of constricted visual field of the right eye. The right ophthalmic artery originated from more distal portion of the internal carotid artery than usual on angiogram. CT, PEG and other roentgenologic examinations revealed no abnormalities. But the possibility of para-sellar tumor still remained, so the right optic nerve was explored by a right frontotemporal approach. The optic nerve was found to be compressed not by any sort of mass lesion but by the non-sclerotic internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries against the rim of the optic canal. Then a microsurgical unroofing of the optic canal was performed to relieve the nerve from the compression. The decompressed upper surface of the nerve was found to be discolored yellow-white. Unfortunately, no improvement in the visual field was obtained after operation. Visual field defect due to vascular compression of the optic nerve has been discussed in only several reports. There have been only 8 cases of surgically treated unilateral visual field defect due to vascular compression. Most of them were the results of compression by the sclerotic or fusiformly enlarged internal carotid arteries and were found in the patients of middle age. Four cases presented with lower half visual field defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Spontaneous cure of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula after orbital venography: case report].
A 50-year-old man with traumatic CCF was presented. Spontaneous cure with closure of the fistula occurred just after orbital venography and it was confirmed by clinical examinations and followed up carotid angiography. The possible mechanisms responsible for the spontaneous cure of CCF were discussed.
[Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants defective in phospholipid metabolism, and their application to biochemical studies for the function of membrane phospholipid--remarkable advances in the isolation of lipid mutant by colony autoradiography].
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[Management of delivery under anesthesia].
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Experimental studies on the possible combined chemotherapy to neoplasms with Fluosol-DA infusion.
Administration of Fluosol DA with oxygen elevated the tissue p02 in tumors primarily due to the increased local blood flow and to the higher oxygen content of Fluosol-DA. The elevated tissue p02 enhanced the tumor's sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of some anticancer drugs.
[Postoperative regression speed of chronic subdural hematoma, with special reference to the subsequent study by CT xray].
Thirty-one adult patients with chronic subdural hematoma were treated surgically and followed Up by CT. In these cases, the postoperative regression of the hematoma cavity on CT was analysed in relation to patient's age, timing of operation, operative method, preoperative CT findings and postoperative clinical courses. In patients with older age and/or low density type of hematoma, slow reduction of subdural space was observed after operation. In five of these cases, the follow-up CT scans revealed reaccumulation of hematoma. Patients with high density type of hematoma and/or early operation from the onset showed a rapid reduction of hematoma cavity and clinical improvement.
[Activities of phospholipase A1, A2, lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase in ischemic brain of the dog].
In this report, the sequential changes of phospholipase A1, A2, lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase activities in ischemic dog brain were investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the enzymic changes of deacylation-reacylation cycle of biomembrane phospholipid in ischemia. Hemispheric non-blood supply models were produced by occlusion of main intracranial trunk arteries in dogs according to Suzuki's method. The sample was spooned out and frozen immediately with liquid nitrogen at the predetermined time. The assay of phospholipase A1, A2 and lysophospholipase activities was done by our method and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity was according to Corbin and Sun's method. The activities of phospholipase A1, A2 and lysophospholipase did not show significant changes within 60 minutes after arterial occlusion. However these activities showed significant high value at 120 minutes and decreased gradually after then. On the other hand, acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity showed gradual decrease. These findings show that enzymic degradiation of acyl group of phospholipid in the brain is highest at about 120 minutes after complete ischemia. The importance of acyl groups of phospholipids for biomembrane structure and the function is well recognized. The turnover of these acyl groups in normal brain biomembrane is also well known. Some types of enzymic system related to this turnover has been investigated. Phospholipase A1, A2, lysophospholipase and acylCoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase belong to these enzymic systems. There have been some reports that the content of free fatty acids in the ischemic brain increases in early stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Effects of maltose infusion on amino acid composition of maternal venous blood and fetal blood in utero].
A study was made of the possibility that the maltose infusion, which had good clinical results against intrauterine growth retardation, can change the amino acid composition in maternal and, or fetal blood. We have done a comparative study with maltose-infusion and non-infusion groups in spontaneous delivery. Amino acid, maltose, glucose, glutamine dehydrogenase (GLDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) and blood urea nitrogen were analyzed in maternal venous (MV), umbilical venous (UV) and umbilical arterial blood (UA). The following results were obtained: Blood glucose were significantly higher in MV and UV in the infusion group. Maltose had a significant correlation only between UV and UA. Glucose and maltose had no significant correlation. Valine, tyrosine and ethanolamine were significantly lower in MV with infusion. Aspartic acid in UA was significantly lower with infusion. Phenylalanine in UV had a significant correlation (r = -0.58) with the maltose level. Activities of GLDH, ICDH, GGTP and BUN did not change significantly following maltose infusion. These results suggest that clinical efficiency of maltose infusion can be based not only in the increased supply of glucose but also the efficient use of transported amino acid in the fetus.
[Copper needle insertion for the treatment of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula].
Electrothrombosis by copper needle insertion was applied to three cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula. These cases had been observed conservatively for about six months or more, but their symptoms did not improve. On angiogram, the feeding arteries were branches of both the ipsilateral internal and the external carotid artery. Frontotemporal craniotomy was performed and copper needles were inserted transdurally into the cavernous sinus. The closure of fistula was verified by intra-operative angiography in all cases and their symptoms improved after operation. However, postoperatively one case had transient third nerve palsy. Another case had Gerstmann syndrome due to narrowing of the internal carotid artery by one needle and the preoperative six nerve palsy became worse. In one case, the procedure could be uneventfully performed. Based on our experiences, several problems of this technique were discussed in this paper.
Phospholipid modification retards intracellular transport and secretion of immunoglobulin G1 by mouse MOPC-31c plasmacytoma cells.
The intracellular transport and secretion of immunoglobulin G1(IgG1) by mouse MOPC-31C plasmacytoma cells were analyzed from the viewpoint of the roles of phospholipids. The membrane phospholipids were modified by culturing cells in a medium supplemented with choline analogues, N,N'-dimethylethanolamine or N-monomethylethanolamine, and accordingly the membranes were enriched in phosphatidyl-N,N'-dimethylethanolamine or phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (Maeda, M., Tanaka, Y. and Akamatsu, Y. (1980) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 96, 876-881). The modified cells were pulse-labeled with L-[35S]methionine and the secretion of labeled IgG1 was chased. Half of the IgG1 was exported to the extracellular medium 1-1.5 h and 2-3 h after synthesis by choline- and dimethylethanolamine-supplemented cells, respectively. However, most of the newly synthesized IgG1 was not secreted by monomethylethanolamine-supplemented cells, even after 5 h; it remained within the cells. The sensitivity of intracellular IgG1 to endoglycosidase H was examined for probing the movement of IgG1 from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. Half of the newly synthesized IgG1 acquired resistance to endoglycosidase H after 30-45 min, 1-1.5 h and 2-3 h in choline-, dimethylethanolamine- and monomethylethanolamine-supplemented cells, respectively. Thus, the transport of IgG1 was markedly retarded by the modification with choline analogues, dimethylethanolamine or monomethylethanolamine, at least in the following two processes, from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex and from the Golgi to the outside of cells. Modification with monomethylethanolamine was more effective than that with dimethylethanolamine in slowing down the transport of IgG1 and appeared to cause accumulation of IgG1 within the cells. A morphological study was also carried out for the three kinds of cell. The roles of phospholipids in the processes of membrane flow are discussed.
Animal cells dependent on exogenous phosphatidylcholine for membrane biogenesis.
A Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO) mutant (strain 58), defective in CDP-choline synthetase (cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase; CTP:cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.15), is temperature sensitive for growth and contains less than half of the normal amount of phosphatidylcholine under nonpermissive conditions [Esko, J. D. & Raetz, C. R. H. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5192-5196]. We now report that the addition of 40 microM egg phosphatidylcholine or lysophosphatidylcholine to the medium suppresses the temperature sensitivity of mutant 58 and permits the growth of colonies at the restrictive temperature. Phospholipids with different polar headgroups, lipoprotein-bound phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and glycerophosphocholine do not support prolonged growth at 40 degrees C, whereas phosphatidylcholine analogs such as phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, D-phosphatidylcholine, and beta-phosphatidylcholine are quite effective. A broad range of saturated phosphatidylcholines, especially those with fatty acids 12-18 carbons in length, suppresses the phenotype. Phospholipids containing ether-linked hydrocarbons are ineffective, whereas polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines are toxic. Residual endogenous synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by the mutant is not stimulated under conditions of phenotypic bypass, but the uptake of exogenous lipid is enhanced considerably compared to the wild type. Our findings demonstrate that exogenous phospholipid can provide at least 50% of the phosphatidylcholine required for membrane biogenesis in animal cells and that uptake of exogenous phospholipids may be regulated.