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Biomedical subjects

M Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishida.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[The peripheral monocytic effect in patients with cervical carcinoma following radio- and immunopotentiation therapy].

Activation of the monocyte-macrophage system is the principal mechanism underlying host defense, immune response with lymphocytic interaction and defence against spontaneous arising tumors. In view of these fact, we investigated effects of radio- and immunopotentiation therapy (OK432) on the following processes in patients of stage III and IV cervical carcinoma. 1) Number of Monocytes determined by Naphthyl Butyrate Esterase and Wright staining. 2) The rate of glucose utilization assessed by Conray-Ficoll density gradient separation. Comparison was made among patients all received radiotherapies with and without subsequent immunopotentiation therapy. In healthy female individuals, the number of peripheral monocytes determined by esterase staining was 338.5 +/- 52.6/microliters. Thus, immunopotentiation recovered the monocyte count, as long as the dose of OK432 was less than 8KE (679.3 +/- 78.5/microliters) (p less than 0.05). The difference was also found in the glucose utilization by monocytes in radiotherapies, the utilization rate was small (98.2 +/- 1.3%), whereas it was much greater in immunopotentiation therapy (82.6 +/- 3.2%). These collectively indicate that the immunopotentiation therapy by OK432 results in non-specific activation of macrophage which will be evaluated as an indicator of cancer immunotherapy and will be also effective for the combined cytoreductive immunotherapies.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1983

Liquid-chromatographic measurement of creatinine in serum and urine.

We describe the adaptation of a "high-performance" liquid chromatographic method for determination of creatinine in serum and urine. The proposed method is simple, rapid, precise, and accurate. The retention time for creatinine can be varied simply by changing the KH2PO4 concentration in the mobile phase: acetonitrile/aqueous KH2PO4 (1/4 by vol). Within-day precision (CV) was 1.2-3.6% in serum chromatographed with an internal standard, and 2.3-2.8% in serum when an external standard was used. Between-day precision (CV) was 1.3-2.1% in serum and 1.3-2.7% in urine (with an external standard). Analytical recoveries of creatinine added to serum were 94-100% for the method with an internal standard, 95-103% with an external standard.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1982

Malignant hyperpyrexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A case report.

We report a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who developed malignant hyperpyrexia during general anaesthesia. During anaesthesia bradycardia was followed by ventricular fibrillation, on which ventricular flutter supervened and a body temperature rise of 0.6 degrees C for 15 minutes, myoglobinuria and elevation of CPK level were observed. The caffeine sensitivity test of biopsied muscle fibers revealed an increase in sensitivity, although there was no sign of muscle rigidity during or after anaesthesia. Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was first established after the development of malignant hyperpyrexia in the present case as well as in previously reported cases. Determination of serum CPK is very important before general anaesthesia.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1982

Studies on glycosphingolipids of larvae of the green-bottle fly, Lucilia caesar. I. Isolation and characterization of glycosphingolipids having novel sugar sequences.

The neutral glycosphingolipids from larvae of the green-bottle fly, Lucilia caesar, were analyzed. Thin-layer chromatograms showed that the larvae contained at least seven major glycolipid components. Of them, the four components with shorter sugar chains consisting of one to four sugar units, were purified by Iatrobeads column chromatography. The structures were identified by partial acid hydrolysis, sequential enzymatic hydrolysis, chromium trioxide oxidation and methylation analysis as: Glc beta (1-1)Cer, Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer, GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc beta (1-1)Cer and GalNAc beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man beta (1-4)Glc(1-1)Cer. These glycolipids altogether comprised 38.3% of the total neutral glycolipid fraction. Unlike common vertebrate glycosphingolipids, the larval ones appear to be quite unique in having the sugar structures, -GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man- and -GalNAc beta (1-4)GlcNAc beta (1-3)Man-, which are novel finding in the natural systems examined so far. The ceramide moieties were composed of normal fatty acids (16:0-22:0) with a small amount of branched acids (16 and 18), and tetradeca- and hexadeca-4-sphingenines as the long-chain bases.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of fosmidomycin, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic.

The pharmacokinetics of fosmidomycin was investigated in animals and humans after parenteral and oral dosing. In dogs the serum concentration was 54.8 microgram/ml at 0.25 h after an intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg, and the half-life was 1.14 h. Peak concentration was 41.4 microgram/ml after an intramuscular dose of 20 mg/kg and 16.6 microgram/ml after an oral dose of 40 mg/kg. In volunteers, the serum concentrations 0.25 h after dosing was 157 microgram/ml after an intravenous dose of 30 mg/kg, 12.3 microgram/ml after an intramuscular dose of 7.5 mg/kg, and 2.45 microgram/ml after an oral dose of 500 mg. More than 90% of the given dose was excreted in the 24-h urine in rats and dogs after parenteral dosing with 20 mg/kg. The 24-h urinary recovery was 45.8% of the given dose in rats after oral dosing with 100 mg/kg and 37.8% in dogs after oral dosing with 40 mg/kg. In volunteers 85.5% of the intravenous dose (30 mg/kg), 66.4% of the intramuscular dose (7.5 mg/kg), and 26.0% of the oral dose (500 mg) were excreted unchanged in the 24-h urine. In the multiple-dose study, there was no accumulation of fosmidomycin in the serum even after 21 consecutive intramuscular dosings of 1 g every 6 h or 29 consecutive 0.5-h drip infusions of 2 g every 6 h. Biliary excretion was extremely low in rats. Fosmidomycin was well distributed to the tissues of rats after parenteral and oral dosing. The lymph concentrations in dogs were nearly the same as serum concentrations. Serum protein binding was low (4% or less) to mouse, rat, dog, and human serum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

The presence of a high concentration of thyroxine in thyroid epithelial cells.

Swine thyroid epithelial cells were isolated and the intracellular concentration of thyroxine was measured by radioimmunoassay and high pressure liquid chromatography. The estimated concentrations of intracellular thyroxine were 1.89 X 10(-8) micrograms/cell by radioimmunoassay, and 0.708 X 10(-8) micrograms/cell by high pressure liquid chromatography, which were equivalent to 4.39 X 10(-5) M and 1.78 X 10(-5) M, respectively. These levels were about a thousand-fold higher than that in the circulation (3.18 +/- 0.59 microgram/dl, 3.98 X 10(-8) M).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Thyroid xanthine oxidase and its role in thyroid iodine metabolism in the rat: difference between effects of allopurinol and tungstate.

The role of xanthine oxidase in thyroid function was studied in the rat in vivo by different approaches. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, was administered by mixing it with a powdered diet (16 mg/100 g body wt per day for 10 days). This treatment significantly reduced the total uptake of iodide and inhibited the organification of iodide in the rat thyroid gland. Thyroid xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase were almost completely inactivated by tungstate, which was given to rats (100 p.p.m./animal per day in drinking water for 10 days) maintained on a purified diet containing low levels of molybdenum. Under these conditions, no inhibitory effect was observed on synthesis of thyroid hormones. It therefore seemed reasonable to assume that the suppressive effect of allopurinol on the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones is not mediated by xanthine oxidase.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1981

Differences between ceftizoxime and its stereoisomer in antibacterial activity and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins.

A new cephalosporin derivative, ceftizoxime (syn FK 749), and its anti isomer, FR 14060, were compared in antibacterial activity, outer membrane permeability, stability to beta-lactamases, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), using Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2 and Enterobacter cloacae 58-5 as the test organisms. Although ceftizoxime was superior in antibacterial activity to FR 14060, no marked differences between the two agents were found in outer membrane permeability and stability to cephalosporinase. However, the affinity for PBPs and stability to penicillinase of ceftizoxime and FR 14060 differed significantly. Concentrations of ceftizoxime required to reduce [14C]penicillin G binding by 50% were below 1 microgram/ml for PBPs 1a and 1bs of E. cloacae 58-5 and below 3.2 microgram/ml for PBPs 1a and 1bs of E. coli NIHJ JC-2. A more than 10-fold-higher concentration of FR 14060 was required for 50% reduction of (14C]penicillin G binding to PBP 1bs of strains tested. Ceftizoxime was severalfold more stable than FR 14060 to penicillinase, but the antibacterial activity of both drugs against penicillinase-producing E. coli was as strong as against non-penicillinase-producing E. coli. These results indicate that the difference between the two compounds in antibacterial activity is likely to be due to differences in their abilities to inhibit peptidoglycan polymerization.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

In vitro synergism of FR-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic.

Against most test strains of Gram-negative bacilli, the in vitro effect of FR-31564 together with beta-lactam antibiotics or trimethoprim was strongly synergistic; with tetracycline and nalidixic acid the effect was additive; and with gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole the effect was additive or antagonistic. FR-31564 was markedly synergistic with beta-lactam antibiotics against beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacilli such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, Citrobacter freundii and Serratia marcescens. The combination of FR-31564 with beta-lactam antibiotics effected a reduction of MICs against most of the test strains to clinically achievable concentrations in human serum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗