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Biomedical subjects

M Nishida

Publications and source records attributed to M Nishida.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Incidence of synchronous or metachronous multiple primary cancers and aggregation of cancers in families of patients with endometrial cancer].

We evaluated the incidence of synchronous or metachronous multiple primary cancer, hereditary or familial cancer, and the familial aggregation of cancer in 142 patients who were treated for endometrial cancer at Tsukuba University Hospital in the period 1977 to 1995. Synchronous multiple primary cancers were identified in 6 of the 142 patients (4.2%). Eleven patients (7.7%) had a history of extraendometrial cancer. Patients with endometrial cancer had a significantly high incidence of a history of breast cancer. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in two patients who were screened before menopause. Four patients with endometrial cancer (2.8%) subsequently developed extraendometrial forms of cancer. One patient (0.7%) was considered to have a hereditary form of cancer, and 5 patients (3.5%) had familial forms of cancer. A total of 86 cases of cancer were found among 53 kindred (37.3%). More detailed studies are needed to elucidate the aggregation of cancers in the families of patients with endometrial cancer in Japan. Patients with a history of breast cancer should be screened for the presence of endometrial cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[Effects of intra-hepatic arterial injection of mitoxantrone for hepatocellular carcinoma].

Twenty patients with unresectable hepatoma, recurrent hepatoma or metastatic liver cancer were treated by intra-hepatic arterial injection of mitoxantrone, and its effectiveness and side effects were studied. In 35.5% of the patients, complete or partial responses were seen. The survival intervals after the beginning of therapy were from one to 21 months (mean, 9.4 months) and one-year survival ratio was 56.3%. Red blood cell, leukocyte, and platelet counts diminished significantly one week later after administration of mitoxantrone compared with the pre-administration levels. Severe hepatic dysfunction has not been experienced.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Visceral fat accumulation and vascular complications associated with VMH lesioning of spontaneously non-insulin-dependent diabetic GK rat.

OBJECTIVE: We have reported that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions induced marked hyperglycemia and a distinct reduction in pancreatic insulin content during short-term observation in male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (Metabolism 43: 32-37, 1994). We investigated the long-term effect of VMH lesions on glucose metabolism, pancreatic insulin content, abdominal fat distribution and vascular complications in male GK rats. DESIGN: Metabolic and histological examinations in male GK rats during 16 weeks after making VMH lesions were compared to those in sham operated GK or Wistar rats. SUBJECTS: Eleven 9-week-old male GK rats and 4 male Wistar rats. VMH-lesions were made in 6 GK rats and sham operation were performed on 5 GK rats and 4 Wistar rats as controls. MEASUREMENTS: Food intake, body weight, and plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels at 2 weeks interval after operation. Urinary protein and albumin levels at 15 weeks after operation. Measurement of pancreatic insulin content, mesenteric fat and abdominal subcutaneous fat weights, and histological examinations of kidney and aorta were performed after 16 weeks. RESULTS: Although food intake increased in VMH-lesioned GK (GK-VMH) rats compared with that in sham-operated GK (GK-sham) rats, the body weight of GK-VMH rats was significantly less than that of GK-sham rats. Plasma glucose was markedly elevated in GK-VMH rats from 2 through 16 weeks after operation, while it was only mildly increased in GK-sham rats. Plasma insulin levels were higher in GK-VMH rats one week after operation and thereafter tended to be lower compared to those in GK-sham rats. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly increased in GK-VMH rats. The insulin content of pancreas at 16 weeks after operation was markedly decreased in GK-VMH rats. VMH lesions caused a significant 1.2-fold increase in mesenteric fat weight and a 1.3-fold higher ratio of mesenteric fat weight to subcutaneous fat weight in GK rats compared with sham-operated rats at 16 weeks after operation. The urinary excretions of protein and albumin in GK-VMH rats were greater than those in GK-sham rats. Histological examinations of the kidneys in GK-VMH rats revealed that the glomerular basement membranes were thicker than those of GK-sham rats. The descending aorta in GK-VMH rats also showed morphologic changes in the intima characteristic of an early stage of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Male GK-VMH rats may be a useful animal model for non-obese NIDDM with visceral fat accumulation, which develops typical diabetic complications, including both microangiopathy and macroangiopathy.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1996

[A case of poorly differentiated ovarian serous adenocarcinoma responding favorably to etoposide and cisplatin].

A case of primary ovarian cancer responding favorably to EP therapy is reported. The patient is a 41-year-old woman with stage IV poorly differentiated serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary. At 21 days after the optimal initial surgical exploration, multiple tumor nodules recurred in peritoneal cavity, and one of them had a diameter of 5 cm. Since we had found previously that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ovary responded to etoposide by a disease-oriented screening system, the patient was treated by combination chemotherapy (etoposide 100 mg/body/day x 5 days + cisplatin 20 mg/body/day x 5 days) as first line chemotherapy. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the tumor disappeared on CT, and the serum CA 125 level decreased to 14 U/ml from 2,050 U/ml. She was evaluated as a complete response after 5 cycles of combination chemotherapy, and only mild side-effects were recognized. These results demonstrate that the combination chemotherapy of etoposide and cisplatin might be recommended as first-line chemotherapy for poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of Sparganosis mansoni with a painless mass in the inguinal region and the scrotum].

Sparganosis mansoni rarely occurs in the inguinal and perineal regions in Japan. A case of Sparganosis mansoni with a painless mass in the left inguinal region is presented. A 67-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of a painless mass in the left inguinal region in May, 1995, and another mass appeared in the scrotum two days after the first visit. Ultrasonography revealed a solid subcutaneous mass 2 cm in diameter. These masses were surgically excised by an inguinal approach and a parasite, 10 cm in length, was found in the mass. The parasite was diagnosed histologically as Sparganosis mansoni, which is a larva of the genus Diphyllobothrium.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Establishment of eighteen clones of Ishikawa cells.

Ishikawa cells, which derive from a well differentiated human endometrial adenocarcinoma, were cloned using the limiting dilution method in an attempt to preserve well differentiated cells. Eighteen clones were obtained. According to their morphologic characteristics, there were six well differentiated, seven moderately differentiated, three poorly differentiated and two adenosquamous carcinoma clones. All of them were transplantable into node mice. Fifteen of the 17 clones were positive for estrogen receptors and all of the clones examined were positive for progesterone receptors. There were no significant differences in terms of population doubling time, plating efficiency or saturation density among these clones. On the basis of these results, we concluded that Ishikawa cells are not as homogeneous morphologically as we thought, since cells with varying degrees of differentiation have already mingled with the parent cell line. It is verified that the adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium can arise from one stem cell. It would be impossible to revive the cultured cells after having undergone their changes to the original conditions. Therefore, to preserve the characteristics of an established cell line, the cells should be frozen at a very early stage. It is also important to avoid frequent passages when special characters of the cells are necessary for a given investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Transcriptional repression of smooth-muscle alpha-actin gene associated with human papillomavirus type 16 E7 expression.

To explore the role of the E7 viral oncogene from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, we investigated alterations in particular cytoskeletal components in rat embryonal fibroblasts and three transformants of rat embryonal fibroblast cells produced by transfections with HPV16 E7 alone (TF1), HPV16 E7 plus adenovirus type 5 E1B (TF3), and HPV16 E7 plus activated Ha-ras (TF4). Marked reductions in smooth-muscle (SM) alpha-actin content and disrupted organization of stress fibers detected by anti-SM alpha-actin antibody were evident in all the transformants. These cytoskeletal manifestations were associated with a significant reduction in the mRNAs in these cells. Transcriptional repression by the E7 gene was observed after transient transfection of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene with SM alpha-actin gene promoter. Nucleotides -123 to -39 of the SM alpha-actin gene promoter were required for the HPV16 E7 transcriptional repression as shown by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay. The downregulation of this actin isoform mediated by the E7 oncoprotein may play an important role in cell transformation by HPV16.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1995

Fasting plasma insulin level is an important risk factor for the development of complications in Japanese obese children--results from a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study.

It is not known what types of factors may contribute to the development of complications in obese children. In the current investigation, we have performed a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study in Japanese obese children to clarify the relationship of the extent of obesity, fat distribution, insulin resistance, and aging to the development of obesity-related complications. In the cross-sectional study of 329 obese boys and 142 obese girls aged 7 to 15 years, the fasting plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) level was significantly higher than that of 46 non-obese boys and 48 non-obese girls (boys, 13.4 +/- 6.7 v 4.9 +/- 1.9 microU/mL, P < .001; girls, 14.0 +/- 5.9 v 4.8 +/- 1.8, P < .001). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that fasting plasma IRI correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in obese boys, and with TG, SBP, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in obese girls, and negatively with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in both obese boys and girls. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that fasting plasma IRI was independently and positively correlated with FPG, TG, and SBP in obese boys. Fasting plasma IRI in obese girls was positively correlated with TG, SBP, and DBP, and negatively with HDL-C. FPG decreased significantly in non-obese children at the onset of puberty, but it remained unchanged in obese children. Fasting plasma IRI and the IRI to glucose ratio increased with age in obese children, whereas they did not show any significant changes in non-obese children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1995

Clinical findings in patients with recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: The use of computerized tomography has led to the detection of second intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in some patients. There have, however, only been a few clinical studies of second ICH. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients with a second ICH were analyzed according to clinical criteria. These patients comprised 5.9% of all patients admitted to Chugoku Rosai Hospital for ICH between 1984 and 1992. RESULTS: The mean interval between the first and second ICH was 27.7 months (range 1-144). The incidence of second hemorrhage was especially high within the first year after the initial ICH. Twelve patients bled bilaterally into the basal ganglia or thalamus during either the first or second attack. Most of these patients had poor outcomes and prognoses. The nine patients with good prognoses included patients with high activity of daily living (ADL) prior to the second attack, and those with neurologic grade 1 following the second attack. All of these patients were managed with conservative therapy. The 10 patients who underwent surgery had poor prognoses. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of second ICHs is greater than that of initial ICHs. Many patients who experience a second ICH will have a poor prognosis, possibly worse than expected. Surgical therapy should not be recommended in such patients, since our data suggest that they will not do well even after surgery.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

The role of p53 inactivation in human cervical cell carcinoma development.

We investigated the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and p53 gene mutation in 47 primary uterine cervical cancers. HPV DNA sequences were present in 43 cancers (91.5%), and one of these cancers contained a p53 gene mutation. In addition, one of the remaining four HPV-negative cancers also contained a p53 gene mutation. As a result, p53 inactivation corresponded to the development of 44 of the primary uterine cervical cancers studied (93.6%). We obtained both primary and recurrent tumours from four cases. In two of these cases, the HPV genomes that were present in an episomal state in the primary tumours were observed to have disappeared in the recurrent tumours. One of these recurrent tumours also contained a p53 gene mutation, which suggested the possibility that p53 inactivation was required in order to maintain the aggressive behaviour in this cancer either by an HPV infection or by a p53 gene mutation. No MDM2 gene amplification was observed in the tumours that carried neither HPV DNAs nor p53 gene mutations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Reconstruction of scalp and cranium defect utilizing latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous and serratus anterior muscle free flaps with interpositional anastomosis of T-shaped flap artery: case report.

The use of a combination musculocutaneous free flap, consisting of a latissimus dorsi flap and a serratus anterior flap, for reconstruction of a large scalp and cranium defect is described. The recipient artery, the superficial temporal artery (STA), was anastomosed to the flap artery, without sacrificing blood flow, by means of a special technique: forming the end of the flap artery into a T shape and interposing it between the two stumps of the transected STA, because the STA was crucial for tissue adjacent to the defect. The flap vein was anastomosed to the external jugular vein with a vein graft. The extensive defect was immediately closed with sutures, and there were no remarkable complications.

Case Reports↗
PubMed1995

Variations in mitochondrial tRNA gene organization of reptiles as phylogenetic markers.

Amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA regions corresponding to three major clusters of transfer RNA genes from a variety of species representing major groups of birds and reptiles revealed some new variations in tRNA gene organization. First, a gene rearrangement from tRNA(His)-tRNA(Ser)(AGY)-tRNA(Leu)(CUN) to tRNA(Ser)(AGY)-tRNA(His)tRNA(Leu)(CUN) occurs in all three crocodilians examined (alligator, caiman, and crocodile). In addition an exceptionally long spacer region between the genes for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 and tRNA(Ser)(AGY) is found in caiman. Second, in congruence with a recent finding by Seutin et al., a characteristic stem-and-loop structure for the putative light-strand replication origin located between tRNA(Asn) and tRNA(Cys) genes is absent for all the birds and crocodilians. This stem-and-loop structure is absent in an additional species, the Texas blind snake, whereas the stem-and-loop structure is present in other snakes, lizards, turtles, mammals, and a frog. The disappearance of the stem-and-loop structure in the blind snake most likely occurred independently of that on the lineage leading to birds and crocodilians. Finally, the blind snake has a novel type of tRNA gene arrangement in which the tRNA(Gln) gene moved from one tRNA cluster to another. Sequence substitution rates for the tRNA genes appeared to be somewhat higher in crocodialians than in birds and mammals. As regards the controversial phylogenetic relationship among the Aves, Crocodilia, and Mammalia, a sister group relationship of birds and crocodilians relative to mammals, as suggested from the common loss of the stem-and-loop structure, was supported with statistical significance by molecular phylogenetic analyses using the tRNA gene sequence data.

Alligators and Crocodiles↗
PubMed1995

Selection of three out of 24 anti-cancer agents in poorly-differentiated gastric cancer cell lines, evaluated by the AUC/delta IC50 ratio.

The purpose of this study was to screen 24 anti-cancer drugs, either in use or in clinical study, using four cell lines, all of which originated from poorly-differentiated gastric cancers. The MTT assay was used at 1, 6, 24 or 72 h exposure times as the chemosensitivity test. We also examined P-glycoprotein expression, mdr-1 gene amplification and the modifier effect of verapamil. All four cell lines generally showed the same chemosensitivity pattern, while GCIY cells showed mdr-1 gene amplification and P-glycoprotein expression, and KATOIII cells showed the multidrug resistant pattern without P-glycoprotein expression. Both cell lines acquired higher chemosensitivity after verapamil addition. All IC50 data (with or without verapamil) were multiplied by exposure time (delta IC50) and compared with the clinical 'area under the concentration curve (AUC)'. SN-38 with/without verapamil, cisplatin with verapamil and pirarubicin with/without verapamil seemed to be the best candidates for poorly-differentiated gastric cancer chemotherapy. Plant alkaloids could also be candidates. With further experiments, we may be able to deduce commonly effective chemotherapy for poorly-differentiated gastric cancer from these drugs.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗