Case management in psychiatric disability.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nielsen
Publications and source records attributed to M Nielsen.
Experiments with radiopaque perfluorocarbon emulsions for selective opacification of organs and total body angiography.
Emulsions of radiopaque perfluorocarbon with small particle size were prepared by sonication and concentrated by centrifugation. The emulsions were well tolerated when given intravenously to rats in a dose up to 20 ml/kg. Whole-body angiograms were obtained for up to 6 hours after injection with visualization of vessels smaller then 1 mm. Hepatosplenograms were obtained after 2 hours and for several days after injections of radiopaque perfluorocarbon. Contrast enhancement was also seen in the myocardium, ovaries, adrenal glands, and intestines with brominated perfluorocarbon emulsions.
Angiography↗
Pneumocystis patchwork.
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
Terminology. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial.
ISSUES: Differences in type, structure, quality of health care systems and availability of resources influence reporting systems. In most countries, individual systems have a long history of usage that might preclude adoption of a uniform terminology worldwide. CONSENSUS POSITION: It is desirable but unrealistic at this time to aim for a unified terminology worldwide. It should be the stated objective of the International Academy of Cytology to serve as an umbrella organization for various terminologies and enhance mutual understanding and cooperation. Translation tables of equivalent terms have been created to allow increased communication. Consensus has been achieved in defining essential elements required of any terminology system: (1) the report must be text based: numerical Papanicolaou class designations alone are inadequate; (2) an assessment of the adequacy of the sample should be included; and (3) the diagnosis must address the primary purpose of cervical cytology: to indicate the presence or absence of epithelial abnormalities. Incorporating additional elements within a terminology system may be more or less appropriate, depending on the setting in which the system is used. ONGOING ISSUES: Despite the cited problems in adopting a uniform terminology worldwide, a single system would have many advantages in terms of communication and research and may be a long-term goal worth pursuing. Countries are invited to present their individual national terminology systems and participate in an ongoing dialogue, critically evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of all systems.
Cervix Uteri↗
Quality assurance/control issues. International Academy of Cytology Task Force summary. Diagnostic Cytology Towards the 21st Century: An International Expert Conference and Tutorial.
ISSUES: General definitions of quality assurance and quality control (QA/C) have existed in many forms for decades, and a new discipline guides their application to diverse industrial and recently medical processes without much fanfare. However, in the field of cervical cytology screening, the range of QA/C options has recently broadened and become controversial. With the advent of new systems of terminology, larger-scale laboratories and new technologies--plus strong governmental and legal pressures in some nations--the range of extremely difficult and sometimes expensive QA/C choices our community faces is greater than ever. CONSENSUS POSITION: At our conference, the basic definitions of QA/C posed little difficulty. Presentation of the range of methods in use today and of those based on new technologies where use is proposed or has just begun also was achieved with little or no dispute. However, there was lack of consensus on exactly how QA/C methods are to be assessed. Indeed, there was little consistency in the use of different outcome measures with which we can judge success or failure of specific QA/C options. In addition, the tension between pressure to adopt sometimes uncertain or expensive method enhancements and pressure to maintain affordability and the widest possible access for populations that most need cervical cytology screening is greater than ever. ONGOING ISSUES: More data are required that would enable assessment of QA/C options with the clearest possible understanding of cost/benefits and current or new assumptions of risk. Other task forces, such as medicolegal, cost/benefit and those devoted to new technologies, are our essential partners in meeting the challenges described above.
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
The significance of the frequency and occurrence of breast cancer for treatment. Essential aspects of new Danish studies of the natural history of breast cancer.
The natural history of breast cancer (BC) has been evaluated by two entirely different types of consecutive and unselected materials: The general female population. Females with the breast cancer disease. The frequency of in situ carcinoma in the general female population is about 25 per cent. The growth pattern of the in situ carcinomas is predominantly microfocal contrary to findings in mammography selected surgical materials where tumor forming and/or diffuse types contribute to more than 30 per cent. Evidence is established of three different stages of the development of invasive breast carcinoma: The benign epithelial hyperplastic stage, the microfocal in situ carcinoma stage and the cancer stage. Among females with the BC-disease the residual breast glandular tissue in the contralateral breast develops a new primary invasive carcinoma in 33 per cent and furthermore in situ carcinoma in another 35 per cent. Death of disseminated metastases and axillary lymphnode metastases is significantly related to these new primaries. Residual breast glandular tissue left behind after total mastectomy contributes to new primary invasive carcinoma. Thus among clinical chest-wall recurrences not less than 20 per cent were primary invasive cancers. Our investigations have considerable impact on treatment: As concern microfocal in situ lesions they support a conservative attitude as regard treatment, providing the females are included in prospective follow-up studies including mammography. As concern the contralateral breast they support a more active attitude, but more studies are needed. Meanwhile a close follow-up program is an inevitable consequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗