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Biomedical subjects

M Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to M Nelson.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticipation and early detection can reduce bowel elimination complications.

Adequate bowel elimination is essential for physiologic functioning and daily comfort of older patients. A careful assessment of normal bowel elimination patterns will help to prevent unnecessary bowel problems when the older patient is hospitalized or admitted to a long-term care facility. Constipation and incontinence are the two most common bowel elimination problems affecting older adults. Many simple nursing interventions exist that will help to prevent major complications that can occur when constipation or incontinence is present.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Update of the health care management needs of infants with sickle cell disease.

This article describes the characteristics, clinical manifestations, and health care management of infants with sickle cell disease. Also discussed are parent education issues and stressors related to coping with the health care management needs of infants with sickle cell disease. Special emphasis is given to literature focused on the concept of anticipatory grief often experienced by parents of chronically ill children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Status and trends of Ontario's Sydenham River ecosystem in relation to aquatic species at risk.

The Sydenham River in southwestern Ontario is located in the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone, which supports the greatest diversity of flora and fauna in Canada. The river historically supported a rich aquatic community that included 80 fishes and 34 species of freshwater mussels. Fourteen aquatic species native to the river (8 fishes, 5 mussels and 1 turtle) have been designated as endangered, threatened, or of special concern by the Committee on the Status of Species at Risk in Canada (COSEWIC). A multi-agency Recovery Team was formed in 1999 to ensure the continued survival of these and other rare species in the river. The Sydenham River Recovery Team is the first in Canada to adopt an ecosystem approach to recovery planning for aquatic species. Information on land use patterns, water quality trends, the physical condition of the river, and the distributions of aquatic species at risk was synthesized to gain an understanding of the overall health of the river and its major anthropogenic stresses. Seven of the species at risk have declined in distribution or abundance, and three may be extirpated. The main threat to fishes and mussels is heavy loadings of sediment, nutrients, and possibly pesticides to the river via tile drainage and overland runoff from agricultural lands. A strategy that incorporates four overall approaches (management, stewardship, research and monitoring, and awareness and outreach) was developed to recover and protect this globally significant freshwater ecosystem.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of neurocysticercosis.

Magnetic resonance (MR) was performed in 50 patients with neurocysticercosis. Comparison was made with other neuroradiological imaging modalities including CT, myelography, CT ventriculography, and CT myelocisternography. Eighteen patients were found to have intraventricular cysts. In several patients, these were multiple and 22 intraventricular cysts were discovered. Although 4 of the 22 ventricular cysts were missed by MR, T1-weighted images can play a significant role in the early detection of intraventricular cysticercosis cysts, showing the cyst wall (9 of 22), a high intensity mural nodule (6 of 22), and increased signal intensity of the cyst fluid (5 of 22). Cisternal cysts (14 cysts in 10 patients) could be identified; they appear similar to intraventricular cysts, but mural nodules are infrequently seen (1 of 14). Twenty-nine patients had 69 parenchymal cysts. An attempt was made to assess the viability of these parenchymal lesions by matching the CT and MR findings with the Escobar pathologic staging system. Neuroimaging findings seemed compatible with early parenchymal lesions in the vesicular stage in 11 instances. Findings in cases with later stage cysts tend to support the concept that a dying larva provokes pronounced inflammatory reaction in the adjacent brain. Computed tomography remains the superior modality for depicting parenchymal calcifications within dead larvae. A case of a spinal cysticercosis cyst demonstrated with MR (in a patient with extensive intracranial cisternal cysts and a fourth ventricular cyst) is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chlorella viruses encode multiple DNA methyltransferases.

The >320 kb dsDNA genomes of 16 viruses which infect Chlorella strain NC64A and 5 viruses infecting Chlorella strain Pbi were tested for their sensitivity/resistance to more than 80 DNA restriction endonucleases. From the known methylation sensitivities of these enzymes to site-specific 5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine DNA modifications, we deduce that the 16 NC64A viruses encode at least 13 different sequence-specific DNA methyltransferases and the 5 Pbi viruses encode at least 7 sequence-specific DNA methyltransferases. Each DNA methyltransferase has a 2 to 4 base pair DNA recognition sequence. Some individual viruses encode as many as ten different DNA methyltransferases, making these chlorella virus genomes among the most concentrated sources of DNA methyltransferase genes known.

Chlorella↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study between larval surveys and ovitraps to monitor populations of Aedes aegypti].

This study compares two techniques for detecting the presence of Aedes aegypti: larval surveys and the oviposition trap. In two areas of the municipality of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil were investigated 5,026 households. Larval surveys and oviposition traps were used simultaneously in these households. Different positivity levels (larvae and/or eggs) were detected between and within the two areas. However, only the use of the oviposition trap detected a significant statistical difference between the areas (z = 9,520, p < 0.001). Comparison of the Breteau, Household and Oviposition Indices reveals greater power of detection of positivity in the oviposition trap. There were prevalence ratios of positivity for oviposition trap of 3.4 and 2.1 (for areas 1 and 2 respectively) when compared with larval surveys. The oviposition trap proved to be an economical and operationally viable method, and the most effective in the surveillance of this species.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Putting some PEP into pulmonary rehabilitation.

By focusing on quality of life through education and ongoing support, the pulmonary rehabilitation staff at Little Company of Mary Hospital in Torrance, Calif, gives hope to respiratory patients and teaches them to become partners in the management of their disease.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A Delphi survey of clinical nursing research priorities in Western Australia.

In 1989-1990 an investigation was undertaken to ascertain which problems WA nurses considered required researching. A modified Delphi technique was employed to obtain data from nurses in hospitals and health care agencies throughout the metropolitan and rural regions in the state. Participants worked in areas of acute care, mental health, paediatrics, gerontology, community health and domiciliary services and addictions. Problems identified were categorised into three streams; clinical, management and staff development. Respondents were required to assign a value to items according to their importance to nurses and to patients. They were also asked to indicate whether they considered there was an adequate research base relevant to each item. Results reported here are based on the 10 priority items identified in the clinical stream.

Clinical Nursing Research↗