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Biomedical subjects

M Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to M Nelson.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Lead exposure in stained glass workers.

To evaluate lead exposure in stained glass workers, we measured blood lead levels in 12 professional glass workers, in 5 hobbyists, and in 4 workers' family members. Professional workers lead levels (mean 20.7 micrograms/dl) were higher than hobbyists' (11.6 micrograms/dl) (P = 0.02) or family members' (11.3 micrograms/dl). Levels increased with years worked, hours worked per week, and percentage of work involving lead. The mean lead concentration in settled dust samples from a stained glass workshop was 11,000 parts per million. Stained glass workers are at increased risk of lead exposure.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1980

Macrophages and resistance to tumors. IV. Influence of age on susceptibility of mice to anti-inflammatory and antimacrophage effects of tumor cell products.

Supernatants from cultures of mouse tumors inhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in immunized (C57BL/6J X A/J)F1 and CBA/J mice. In mice older than 17 weeks, two activities were detectable. Material having an apparent molecular weight of less than 10,000 (by membrane filtration) inhibited only the early phase of the reactions: material having a higher molecular weight inhibited only the later phase. In younger mice, DTH reactions were not inhibited. Susceptibility of resistance could not be conferred on young or old mice by reciprocal transfer of spleen cells or sera. Only older SW or A/J mice treated with tumor supernatants displayed reduced inflammation following intradermal injection of concanavalin A (Con A) and depressed cellular responses to Con A injected ip. Supernatant fractions containing material of lower molecular weight inhibited migration and phagocytosis of opsoniazid SRBC in vitro by peritoneal macrophages from both young and old (C57BL/6J X A/J)F1 and CBA/J mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

A cluster of septic complications associated with illegal induced abortions.

Between August 7 and October 14, 1977, Clostridium perfringens organisms were isolated from endometrial and/or blood specimens from 3 women who had been hospitalized in McAllen, Texas, after having had illegal induced abortions. One of the women died of clostridial septicemia. A single abortionist was suspected in these 3 cases. The authors investigated the illnesses of these 3 women and those of 6 other women who were hospitalized at some time from January through October 1977 after having had illegal abortions but did not identify a common abortionist. The patient who died was a Medicaid-eligible woman who had had an abortion performed by a nonphysician after public funding of abortion was restricted in Texas as of August 5, 1977. The authors examined the medical records of all 230 women hospitalized in McAllen General Hospital with abortion complications from 1977 through January 1978. The local effect of restriction of public funds for abortion was to be studied. The incidence of women admitted to the hospital with febrile abortion complications after August 5, 1977, did not differ from that of women admitted from January 1 through August 4, 1977. However, the incidence of hospitalization of Medicaid-eligible women with abortion-related complications was greater after August 5 than it was in the earlier period.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1980

Dietary survey methods. 2. A comparison of nutrient intakes within families assessed by household measures and the semi-weighed method.

Mean nutrient intakes in eight families estimated using household measures were on average only 2 per cent greater than those based on semi-weighed method. The differences were significant for energy, fat, vitamin C and fibre. When the semi-weighed values for individual intakes of fat and sugar were substituted for the household measured values, the differences for fat and energy were no longer significant. Estimates of individual intakes based on household measures compared with those based on the semi-weighed method ranged from overestimates of 45 per cent to underestimates of 37 per cent.

Cooking and Eating Utensils↗
PubMed1980

Dietary survey methods. 1. A semi-weighted technique for measuring dietary intake within families.

Family diet studies which measure total family consumption can determine only the average nutrient intake. A method has been devised to measure all family members' individual diets concurrently in order to learn how food and nutrient intake is distributed within the family. In this semi-weighed method, the total quantity of food available for consumption by the family is weighted at time of preparation or serving, and the distribution between family members is recorded in household measures. The method is described in detail. It provides data on individual consumption with an accuracy approaching that of a weighed survey. A co-operation rate of 73 per cent in a random sample of 74 households with two adults and two or three children indicates that this semi-weighed method can be used to assess family diets in a broad cross-section of socio-economic backgounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Mechanism of resistance of mice to syngeneic methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcomas.

Mice become resistant to challenge with certain fibrosarcomas when bearing a tumor graft (concomitant immunity) or after injection of a low, non-tumorigenic dose of cells (sinecomitant immunity). Resistance to footpad challenge was depressed or abolished by treatment with carrageenan, niridazole or reserpine, or by sublethal irradiation, all of which also depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Immune lymphocytes initiating tumor-suppressive reactions in the feet of non-immune mice were Thy-1+, Ly-1+, Ly-2- and Ly-3-. Injection of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavities of immune mice specifically elicited an influx of macrophages. There was evidence of macrophage stimulation in tumor-immune mice. In vitro, anti-tumor effector cells lacking individual tumor specificity could be detected among the resident peritoneal cells of tumor-immune mice and among peritoneal exudate cells of non-immune mice. The expression of acquired resistance to some tumors may involve reactions akin to DTH in which a specific reaction triggers an accumulation of nonspecific effectors.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The nutritional status of poor children in London.

Concern for the growth and development of poor inner-city children prompted an investigation of the relationship of growth to diet, health and sociological background. Between 1973 and 1976, 1000 households in poor areas of London were screened for at-risk children between the ages of one and 12 years. Two hundred and thirty-one children from 112 families qualified for the survey. Of the white children, 21 per cent fell below the 10th percentile for height. The mean energy intake of the shortest children was 72 per cent of the RDI. Half the families spent 4.80 pounds or less per person per week on food, and 33 per cent of the children fell below the 10th percentile for height. A remedial feeding programme may be of benefit to these and similar children.

Body Height↗
PubMed1978

Extradural lumbar cryptococcosis. Case report.

An 85-year-old woman presented with back and leg pain. Plain films showed destruction of the posterior elements of L-5 and myelography demonstrated a large extradural mass at that level. Exploration revealed a huge gelatinous extradural mass with invasion of the paraspinal muscles. Fungal stains showed that the mass consisted of innumerable Cryptococci. There was no evidence of cryptococcal involvement elsewhere.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Macrophages and resistance to tumours: influence of agents affecting macrophages and delayed-type hypersensitivity on resistance to tumours inducing concomitant immunity.

Early, specific concomitant immunity to each of four tumours was inhibited by treatment with silica or carrageenan. Late, non-specific concomitant immunity was, with one exception, not inhibited by these agents. Treatment of non-immune mice with silica at certain critical periods before challenge promoted the growth of four of six syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced tumours in their feet. Treatment with carrageenan was much less effective. Early and late concomitant immunity were inhibited by one or more agents inhibiting delayed-type hypersensitivity: irradiation, niridazole and reserpine. Irradiation of non-immune mice did not effect the growth of tumours in their feet. Treatment of non-immune mice with niridazole or reserpine actually inhibited the growth of some tumours. It is suggested that (a) mice offer some natural resistance to tumour growth, macrophages perhaps being effectors; (b) some tumour isografts may survive only if an inflammatory reaction occurs; (c) mechanisms akin to those of delayed-type hypersensitivity operate in the expression of concomitant immunity; (d) macrophages are important in early, specific concomitant immunity, but perhaps less so in the late non-specific phase.

Animals↗