Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Ndiaye

Publications and source records attributed to M Ndiaye.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Contribution to the study of the anti-inflammatory activity of Moringa oleifera (moringaceae)].

Moringa oleifera is a bush of African savannah, used in folk Medicine for the treatment of rheumatic and articulary pain. We have tested the anti-inflammatory action of an aqueous extract of root in rats with weight between 120 and 160 g. We administered per os either distilled water (control group), the aqueous root extract (750 mg/kg or 1000 mg/kg) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg) 30 min before an oedema was induced in the rat-paw by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin. The rat-paw volume was measured 1, 3 and 5 hours after injection of carrageenin. At a dose of 750 mg/kg the Moringa oleifera treatment significantly inhibited the development of oedema at 1, 3 and 5 hours (reduction by 53.5, 44.6 and 51.1% respectively). Increasing the dose of Moringa oleifera to 1000 mg/kg did not increase the inhibitory effect on oedema development at 1 and 3 hours, whereas this dose potentiated the oedema at 5 hours. Treatment with indomethacin significantly inhibited the development of oedema 1, 3 and 5 hours (49.1, 82.1 and 46.9% respectively). These findings indicate that an aqueous root extract of Moringa oleifera at 750 mg/kg reduces the carrageenin induced oedema to similar extent as the potent anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. Moreover, these results provide further evidence that the roots of Moringa oleifera contain anti-inflammatory principle that may be useful in the treatment of the acute inflammatory conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Bronchial hyperreactivity syndrome : a case report following exposure to sulfur dioxide].

A variety of occupational asthma is induced by important exposure to irritants. A case is reported, where le patient developed asthma symptoms like, following huge exposure to sulfur dioxide. All Books criteria were met, except for the metachlorine challenge which was not performed. Nevertheless the bronchial reactivity in the work place, shown by a portable pick flow eased le diagnosis. General practitioners and occupational physicians should be aware of this new medical entity for a better management.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

Single-tube and nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for detection of Rift Valley fever virus in human and animal sera.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an anthropozoonosis caused by a Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae family) that has re-emerged recently in East and West Africa in 1997-1998. This emphasizes the need for early and rapid detection of the virus and an efficient surveillance system. To this goal, a single tube or a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method focusing on the NSs coding region of the S segment was developed and used to detect the RVF virus (RVFV) genome, resulting respectively in the synthesis of 810 and 662 bp DNA amplimers. The assay was specific for RVFV and did not amplify any other phleboviruses known to circulate in sub-Saharan Africa. When serial dilutions of RVFV were artificially mixed with human normal serum, the minimal detection limits were 50 and 0.5 plaque forming units respectively using the simple and the nested RT-PCR. The RT-PCR method was efficient for the detection of RVFV RNA in the blood from experimentally RVFV-infected mice and lamb and the nested RT-PCR was found more sensitive than the virus isolation method. Additionally, this detection method was applied successfully for the diagnosis of human cases during the 1998 Mauritanian outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Selection of glutamate-rich protein long synthetic peptides for vaccine development: antigenicity and relationship with clinical protection and immunogenicity.

Antibodies against three long synthetic peptides (LSPs) derived from the glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) of Plasmodium falciparum were analyzed in three cohorts from Liberia, Ghana, and Senegal. Two overlapping LSPs, LR67 and LR68, are derived from the relatively conserved N-terminal nonrepeat region (R0), and the third, LR70, is derived from the R2 repeat region. A high prevalence of antibody responses to each LSP was observed in all three areas of endemic infection. Levels of cytophilic immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against both GLURP regions were significantly correlated with protection from clinical P. falciparum malaria. Protected children from the Ghana cohort possessed predominantly IgG1 antibodies against the nonrepeat epitope and IgG3 antibodies against the repeat epitope. T-cell proliferation responses, studied in the cohort from Senegal, revealed that T-helper-cell epitopes were confined to the nonrepeat region. When used as immunogens, the LR67 and LR68 peptides elicited strong IgG responses in outbred mice and LR67 also induced antibodies in mice of different H-2 haplotypes, confirming the presence of T-helper-cell epitopes in these constructs. Mouse antipeptide antisera recognized parasite proteins as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. This indicates that synthetic peptides derived from relatively conserved epitopes of GLURP might serve as useful immunogens for vaccination against P. falciparum malaria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Smoking habits among physicians in Dakar].

A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in March 1999 on the prevalence of smokers and smoking habits among physicians practicing in the Dakar region. The study population was composed of 163 physicians; 128 male (78.5%) and 35 female (21.5%). The prevalence of smokers was 27.6%. The average age of the smokers was 40.5 (+/- 6.2) years (extremes between 30 and 61 years) and an average duration of 18 (+/- 6.6) years in smoking. Men smoked more than women (93.9% versus 6.7%) with 56.4% of heavy smokers. Specialists represented 63.3% and generalists 36.4%. Initiating factors were stress (28.9%), circle of friends/acquaintances (24.4%), fashion (24.4%), pleasure (20%) and advertisements (2.2%). A little over 82% smoked in public places, 68.9% in their work places and 49.5% before children. The average time duration smoking was stopped followed by relapse was 15.7 (+/- 9.7) months. 97.7% of smokers manifested their intention to stop. Nicotine dependence according too the Fagerström questionnaire was average (37.9%), high (39.6%) and very high (12.6%). Smoking is a reality in the medical environment in Dakar. Specific campaigns aimed at physicians will be necessary to hope for a sustainable change in behavior and for a much more pronounced implication in the fight against tobacco addiction.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Localized benign pleural mesothelioma observed at the Dakar University Hospital].

We report two cases of localized benign pleural mesothelioma with different clinical features. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, including coma, hemiplegia, seizures and misbehavior predominated in the first case, associated with hypoglycemia. The symptoms in the second case were essentially respiratory (cough, dyspnea, and chest pain). Treatment consisted in thoracotomy and complete surgical resection. Histopathology revealed fusiform cells and collagen stroma. These two cases illustrate the diversity of clinical expression of benign localized pleural mesothelioma and confirm their complete resolution after surgical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Feasability of a heart valve bank in Dakar. (Preliminary study of 8 human hearts)].

Authors record a preliminary study led so as to develope techniques of preparation of the cardiac homograft valves. Eight human hearts have been appropriated in the course of medico-legal autopsy. Under sterile hodd, the heart was dissected, aortic and pulmonary valves as well as a mitral valve fragment were collected for a total of 24 valvular levies. After sterlization in an antibiotic solution, valves were preserved at 4 degrees C for the mitral fragment specimen of fresh allograft and to - 196 degrees C in Nitrogen liquidates for the pulmonary and aortic valves. The control of graft quality had consisted in tests of competence during the dissection, to the evaluation of the histological study as well as tests of sterility. Cellular cultures had shown a fibroblast proliferation in 3 cases. It concerned an indeed reliable method but difficult and little sensitivity. Histological tests had shown two types of injurie: the myxoid degeneration (7 times on 8 valves) cryopreserved and a coagulative necrosis whose distribution was identical forthe two modes of conservation. Antibiotic's solution seemed to induce these injuries as do heart ischemia, and the traumatism lihleed to the great cold. The tests of sterility had shown a rate of contamination to 25 % essentially by Pseudomonas. In view of the installation of a behle of allograft bank of quality, we'll need to improve conditions of leavy, to use a freezer adaptation for progressive cryocongelation and the choice of simple method to evaluate valvular viabilty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Respiratory manifestations of malignant lymphomas: report of 5 cases].

In this study the authors report 5 cases of malignant lymphomas consisting in a Hodgkin's disease and 4 non Hodgkinian lymphomas. Patients aged from 16 to 55 years were 4 males and 1 female, consulting in Department of respiratory disorders of the University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, West Africa, from 1986 thru 1992. Detoriation of the general status, cough, dyspnea and cervical adenopathy were remaked in all patients. Thoracic pain and syndrom of right pleurisy were diagnosed in one case of non Hodgkinian malignantlymphoma. X Ray exploration of the chest detected 4 cases of mediastinal adenopathies and 3 pleurisis in non Hodgkinian malignant lymphomas; and reticulonodular opacities of pulmonary basis in the Hodgkin's disease case. The diagnosis has been confirmed by pathologic anatomy studis of the biopsed ganglia. The endemic characteristic of tuberculosis in developing countries make necessary to evoke it in first of any adenopathy. When the clinical feature is atypical, a biopsy of ganglia must be performed to avoid diagnosis delay which could lead to agravate the prognosis of malignant lymphomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Traumatic tracheobronchial rupture: importance of early respiratory resuscitation and bronchoscopy].

Traumatic tracheobronchial rupture is a rare and serious complication of blunt chest trauma. Authors report the case of a 9 years old girl who was hit by a car. She presented to the admission, a respiratory distress with subcutaneous emphysema, hemoptysis, bilateral pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Apparently persistent pneumothorax in spite of clinic improvement after oxygenoterapy and pleural drainage, had made consider tracheobronchial rupture. The bronchoscopy achieved in emergency, had shown a low lesion of the trachea and a desinsertion of the left main bronchus. A right thoracotomy had permitted to repair the lesions. Post-operative outcome was good and authors insist in interest of early management.

Bronchi↗
PubMed2000

Serological HLA class I alleles in Senegalese blood donors detected HBs Ag positive.

We analysed the HLA class I alleles in 96 blood donors HBs Ag positive compared with 93 healthy control individuals (HBs negative). The most frequent HLA-A, -B, -C alleles found were, A23 (33.6%); A2 (25%); A30 (25%); B8 (31.5%); B7 (16.3%); B58 (11.9%); B35 (11.9%); B49 (11.9%); B53 (10.8%); Cw7 (39.1%); Cw3 (36.9%); Cw4 (36.9%). Significant differences (P<0.001) were found between the blood donors and the controls for the following HLA alleles, A1; A23; B8 and Cw3. The detection of HBe antigen was positive in 26/84 blood donors. It was observed a significant difference (P<0.01; odds ratios (OR)=6.25) between positive and negative HBe antigens blood donors for HLA-A1 allele.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Hemodynamic aspects and oxygenation variables in severe malaria of adults in Africa.

OBJECTIVES: Study of the hemodynamic profile and oxygenation variables in severe malaria to determine whether they are identical to those observed in severe bacterial infections. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study in an intensive care unit of a West African hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Two groups of adult patients hospitalized for severe malaria according to WHO criteria, a control group (n = 13) with systemic vascular resistance of 800 dyne s(-1) cm(-5) or higher and a hyperkinetic group (n = 16) with a level lower than 800 dyne s(-1) cm(-5). Twenty-nine patients participated in this study (19 semi-immune, 10 nonimmune). INTERVENTIONS: Before hemodynamic study a loading dose of quinine formiate was administered: 20 mg/ kg intravenously for 4 h. Artificial ventilation was used in the case of persistent hypoxemia. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The hemodynamic study with Swan-Ganz catheter was performed after filling with 1,000 ml lactated Ringer's solution. From a clinical and a biological standpoint there was no difference between the two groups except for creatine phosphokinase, which was significantly higher in the hyperkinetic group: 2404 +/- 3654 vs. 1,898 +/- 1,828 IU/l. Hemodynamic and oxygenation variables showed a significant difference in cardiac index (6.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 3.9 +/- 1.21 min(-1) m(-2)), systemic vascular resistance (536 +/- 143 vs. 1098 +/- 170 dyne s(-1) cm(-5)), oxygen delivery (645 +/- 163 vs. 482 +/- 186 ml min(-1) m(-2)), and oxygen extraction (23 +/- 9 % vs. 34 +/- 14 %). Oxygen extraction was negatively correlated with oxygen delivery in the control group but not in the hyperkinetic group. Eight of 10 nonimmune patients (80 %) were in the hyperkinetic group versus 8 of 19 semi-immune patients (42 %; p < 0.05). Nine patients in the hyperkinetic group (69 %) and seven of the control group (46 %) died (NS). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to severe bacterial infections, severe malaria does not always induce hyperkinetic-type hemodynamic changes. Such changes are observed mostly in nonimmune subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of status epilepticus in a developing country].

Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition requiring emergency care, which is often poorly managed in developing countries due to the lack of personnel, drugs, and insufficient technical and medical means. This study aims at determining the epidemiologic and etiologic characteristics and the difficulty in treating SE under the existing medical practice conditions in a developing country such as Senegal. A retrospective study was therefore carried out based on SE medical files at the University Hospital of Dakar over the period January 1988 to December 1998, and included several hospital departments, i.e., paediatrics, infectious diseases and neurology. Over an 11-year period 697 cases were recorded; of these, 48.2% of patients were under 5 years of age. The seizures were generalized in 58.2% of cases, partial in 21.2%, partial secondarily generalized, or with an association of both clinical presentations in 20.6% of cases. The etiology was as follows: mainly infectious (67%), followed by resistant and/or unbalanced epilepsy (9.9%), epilepsy of vascular origin (8%), and various other causes. The overall mortality rate was 24.8%. A long period between the onset of clinical symptoms and hospital treatment was noted, with an average time lapse of 16.6 h before treatment. The drugs utilized were diazepam and phenobarbitol, administered by injection. The overall outcome could be improved by better management, i.e., better prevention and an efficient treatment of infectious diseases, a reduction in the time before treatment, and improved means of intensive care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Regulations on tuberculosis risk in workplaces in Senegal].

National immunization and control programs have not brought about a significant decline in tuberculosis, which remains a real public health concern in our regions. Prevention in the working environment should be part of an overall prevention program for the general population. Nevertheless, companies should play a leading role because they have the necessary structure and assets. We analyzed the epidemiology of tuberculosis in the working environment using demographic data on employees in Senegal, current medicolegal data on tuberculosis in Senegal and data on prevention of tuberculosis. Our analysis led to a proposed strategy for controlling tuberculosis spread and its prevention in the working environment in Senegal.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Guillain-Barre syndrome in children: experience in the neurology service of Dakar].

A retrospective survey has been conducted from january 1979 to january 1999 about the young inpatients file records of the department of neurology of Dakar. 19 cases of Guillain-Barré's syndrome have been collected, representing 2.3% of the children admitted in the department of neurology. The children were 18 months to 16 years old. The sex ratio was 1.4. Infectious disease has been reported in 68.4% of the cases during the 4 weeks preceding the neurological features. The notion of vaccination was found in 5.3% of the cases. The motor deficit was frequent, represented by paraparesis in 63.2% and quadriparesis in 36.8% of the cases. The mean duration of the hospitalisation was 28 days. 52.6% of the patients have completely recovered from their motor deficit and this recovery was unachieved in 36.8%. No fatal event has been detected. The therapeutical means were represented by vitaminotherapy B1B6B12 associated with kinesitherapy. Our results reveal a less severe evolution and better prognosis of Guillain-Barré's syndrome affecting children, instead of the absence of more appropriate means of treatment such as plasma exchange and intravenous immune globulin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Surgical aspects of pulmonary aspergilloma in 24 patients].

From January 1991 to July 1998, 24 patients were operated for pulmonary aspergilloma. All the patients presented previous tuberculosis treated. Hemoptysis had been the revealing elements of the illness in 80% of cases. Treatment was by resection in all the cases: 13 pneumonectomy (54%) and 11 partial resections (46%). The procedures were usually difficult and hemorrhagic. The global mortality was 20%, can be explained by the high number of major resections and the unfavourable general state of health of our patients. Post operative complications are mainly due to secondary empyemas encountered in 15% of the surviving ones. The surgical resection of pulmonary aspergilloma is still difficult and risky for extended underlying parenchymal disease. Minima procedures such as speleotomy and intra cavitary aspiration technique must be indicated in patients with very poor general condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Friedreich's disease in the department of neurology in Dakar].

A retrospective study of Friedreich's ataxia was conducted from january 1960 to december 1997. Eighten cases had been collected. Friedreich's ataxia was the second disorder after Pierre Marie's ataxia among inherited ataxia. Parental consanguinity has been found in 27.77% of cases. The sex-ratio was 2.6 for males. 66,67% of Friedreich's ataxia cases began after 25 years. Clinical signs were: cerebellar ataxia, sensitive disorders in 70%, pyramidal syndrom and cardiomyopathy in 22.22%, bones dysmorphy in 50% of cases. Electromyography indicated severe axonopathy of members with decreased somesthesic potentials in six cases. Glycaemia was normal in all cases. Clinical future presented wide variation between one and fourth years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiological, clinical and progressive aspects of neurological manifestations associated with retroviral infections: eleven year retrospective study].

Through a cohort of 93 neuroaids which has been diagnosed at Dakar in our Neurology Department, the authors evaluated the hospital prevalence of retrovirus, detected socio-demographic factors, related AIDS outline the mean neurological picture and try to correlate survival and neurological involvement of these patients. Among 1151 patients who got retroviral blood test, 93 were seropositive (8.1%). On these repartitions 36 were females (38.7%) and 57 males (61.3%). The age goes from 19 to 76 years old. 45 patients (48.4%) have been found positive for HIV-1 blood test, 21 patients (22.6%) for HIV-2 blood test, 11 patients (11.8%) for both HIV2, 11 patients (11.8%) for HTLV1, 3 patients (3.2%) for both HIV-1 and HTLV1, and 2 patients (2.2%) for both HIV-2 and HTLV1. In our study the transmission of AIDS occur mainly through heterosexual inter course and multiple parternship is a high risk group. The central nervous system deseases represented 68.8% of cases. The pathology were dominated by stroke, myelopathies, meningoencephalotis and spinal cord compression. The peripheral nervous system desease were found in 7.5% of cases. The peripheral facial paralysis occupied the first place in HIV infections of peripheral nervous system deseases (57.1% of cases). When neurological involvement set up the letality is higher for HIV-1 (57% of global letality) and for central system nervous involvement (76.2%).

Adult↗