Endoscopic nasomediastinal drainage followed by clip application for treatment of delayed esophageal perforation with mediastinitis.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nakashima
Publications and source records attributed to M Nakashima.
Expression of tyrosine kinase receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 in giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath: a possible role in synovial proliferation.
We have recently demonstrated that Tie-1 and Tie-2 are expressed in synovial cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To elucidate the possible involvement of Tie receptors in synovial proliferation, we analyzed their expression by immunostaining in five cases of giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), which represents a proliferating lesion of synovial cells. Strong immunoreactivity for both Tie-1 and Tie-2, regardless of the individual patient's profile, was observed in all cases of GCTTS. Six sets of double immunohistochemical stainings for Tie-1/Tie-2 and fibronectin, CD68, or CD34 were carried out to determine the phenotype of Tie-1 and Tie-2-positive tumor components. In these studies, both Tie-1 and Tie-2 immunoreactivity were widely observed in the fibronectin-positive fibroblastic and the CD68-positive histiocytic mononuclear cells, as well as in the osteoclast-like giant cells. In tumor vasculature, Tie receptors were expressed in the CD34-positive endothelial cells possessing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity. We also evaluated the correlation of Tie-1/Tie-2 expression and proliferating cells in GCTTS by using double staining of Tie-1/Tie-2 together with PCNA. Overexpression of PCNA immunoreactivity was frequently found in Tie receptors-positive cells with no obvious differences in the expression pattern of Tie-1 and Tie-2. These findings suggest the possible involvement of Tie receptors in the pathogenesis of GCTTS other than solely via their involvement in angiogenesis and subsequent vascularization. It was demonstrated that Tie-2 immunoreactivity was restricted to the fibroblastic, but not histiocytic, phenotype in RA synovium, suggesting different regulatory control of Tie-2 expression in GCTTS and RA synovium. Overexpression of Tie receptors in GCTTS may imply a biological role for these receptors in synovial proliferation.
Adult↗
Elevation of serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) arises from parafollicular or C cells of the thyroid gland and produces a variety of peptides such as calcitonin (CT) and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Here we measured serum levels of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP), a more stable precursor of GRP, in 15 patients with MTC (4 males, 11 females) who did not show any clinical or radiologic signs of small cell lung cancer. Serum Pro-GRP levels were elevated in 80% (12/15) patients. Significant correlation was observed between serum Pro-GRP and CT (r = 0.52) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (r = 0.56). Serum Pro-GRP levels also correlated with tumor size (r = 0.70). Serum Pro-GRP levels also decreased below the cut-off range in one patient after surgical resection. Our data suggest that Pro-GRP, which is considered to be a specific marker for small cell lung carcinoma, seems to be also helpful and additional marker for the diagnosis and monitoring the response to therapy in patients with MTC in addition to calcitonin as the main tumor marker.
Adult↗
Comparison of volatile anesthetic actions on intracellular calcium stores of vascular smooth muscle: investigation in isolated systemic resistance arteries.
BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetic actions on intracellular Ca2+ stores (ie., sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) of vascular smooth muscle have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: Using isometric force recording method and fura-2 fluorometry, the actions of four volatile anesthetics on SR were studied in isolated endothellum-denuded rat mesenteric arteries. RESULTS: Halothane (> or = 3%) and enflurane (> or = 3%), but not isoflurane and sevoflurane, increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in Ca2+-free solution. These Ca2+-releasing actions were eliminated by procaine. When each anesthetic was applied during Ca2+ loading, halothane (> or = 3%) and enflurane (5%), but not isoflurane and sevoflurane, decreased the amount of Ca2+ in the SR. However, if halothane or enflurane was applied with procaine during Ca2+ loading, both anesthetics increased the amount of Ca2+ in the SR. The caffeine-induced increase in [Ca2+], was enhanced in the presence of halothane (> or = 1%), enflurane (> or = 1%), and isoflurane (> or = 3%) but was attenuated in the presence of sevoflurane (> or = 3%). The norepinephrine-induced increase in [Ca2+], was enhanced only in the presence of sevoflurane (> or = 3%). Not all of these anesthetic effects on the [Ca2+]i were parallel with the simultaneously observed anesthetic effects on the force. CONCLUSIONS: In systemic resistance arteries, the halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane differentially influence the SR functions. Both halothane and enflurane cause Ca2+ release from the caffeine-sensitive SR. In addition, both anesthetics appear to have a stimulating action on Ca2+ uptake in addition to the Ca2+-releasing action. Halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane all enhance, while sevoflurane attenuates, the Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release mechanism. However, only sevoflurane stimulates the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate-induced Ca2+ release mechanism. Isoflurane and sevoflurane do not stimulate Ca2+ release or influence Ca2+ uptake.
Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
Mechanisms of direct inhibitory action of ketamine on vascular smooth muscle in mesenteric resistance arteries.
BACKGROUND: Ketamine was previously suggested to relax vascular smooth muscle by reducing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). However, no direct evidence is available to indicate that ketamine reduces the [Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle of systemic resistance arteries. METHODS: Endothelium-intact or -denuded smooth muscle strips were prepared from rat small mesenteric arteries. Isometric force and [Ca2+]i were measured simultaneously in the fura-2-loaded, endothelium-denuded strips. In some experiments, only isometric force was measured in either the endothelium-intact or beta-escin-treated, endothelium-denuded strips. RESULTS: In the endothelium-intact strips, lower concentrations (< or = 30 microm) of ketamine slightly enhanced norepinephrine-induced contraction, whereas higher concentrations (> or = 100 microM) of ketamine inhibited both norepinephrine- and KCl-induced contractions. In the fura-2-loaded strips, ketamine (> or = 100 microM) inhibited the increases in both [Ca2+]i and force induced by either norepinephrine or KCl. Ketamine also inhibited the norepinephrine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i after treatment with ryanodine. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, ketamine notably inhibited the norepinephrine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas it only minimally inhibited caffeine-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. Ketamine had little influence on the [Ca2+]i-force relation during force development to stepwise increment of extracellular Ca2+ concentration during either KCl depolarization or norepinephrine stimulation. Ketamine did not affect Ca2+-activated contractions in the beta-escin membrane-permeabilized strips. CONCLUSIONS: The action of ketamine on contractile response to norepinephrine consists of endothelium-dependent vasoconstricting and endothelium-independent vasodilating components. The direct vasorelaxation is largely a result of reduction of[Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells. The [Ca2+]i-reducing effects are caused by inhibitions of both voltage-gated Ca2+ influx and norepinephrine-induced Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores.
Animals↗
Processing of medical images using real-time optical Fourier processing.
Optical image processing techniques are inherently fast in view of parallel processing. A self-adaptive optical Fourier processing system using photoinduced dichroism in a bacteriorhodopsin film was experimentally demonstrated for medical image processing. Application of this powerful analog all-optical interactive technique for cancer diagnostics is illustrated with two mammograms and a Pap smear. Microcalcification clusters buried in surrounding tissue showed up clearly in the processed image. By playing with one knob, which rotates the analyzer in the optical system, either the microcalcification clusters or the surrounding dense tissue can be selectively displayed. Bacteriorhodopsin films are stable up to 140 degrees C and environmentally friendly. As no interference is involved in the experiments, vibration isolation and even a coherent light source are not required. It may be possible to develop a low-cost rugged battery operated portable signal-enhancing magnifier.
Bacteriorhodopsins↗
Expression of human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis: antibacterial effect of hBD-2 against Helicobacter pylori.
BACKGROUND: Human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) plays a role in the innate defence system at mucosal surfaces. Colonisation of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach is an important pathological factor in gastrointestinal illnesses, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. AIMS: To evaluate the antibacterial role of hBD-2 against H pylori infection in the gastric mucosa. SUBJECTS: Biopsied gastric mucosa specimens from H pylori positive (n=6) and H pylori negative (n=6) individuals were used. H pylori was determined by the presence of urease activity and microscopic examination. METHODS: The specimens were examined for hBD-2 expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridisation. The antibacterial effect of hBD-2 against H pylori was evaluated by the number of colony forming units of H pylori after incubation with 0, 10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), or 10(-5) M of hBD-2 peptide. RESULTS: All six H pylori positive specimens expressed a high level of hBD-2 mRNA while hBD-2 mRNA was not detected in the H pylori negative specimens by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry using anti-hBD-2 antiserum revealed that hBD-2 was expressed in the surface epithelium of H pylori infected specimens. In gastric specimens obtained after H pylori eradication, hBD-2 immunoreactivity had dramatically decreased. In situ hybridisation confirmed that hBD-2 transcripts were localised in the epithelium of H pylori infected gastric specimens. Incubation with hBD-2 reduced the growth rate of cultured H pylori in a dose dependent manner, and incubation with 10(-5) M hBD-2 completely inhibited the proliferation of H pylori. CONCLUSIONS: H pylori infection induces hBD-2 expression in the human gastric epithelium. hBD-2 inhibited the growth of H pylori in vitro, suggesting that hBD-2 plays an antibacterial role in H pylori induced gastritis.
Aged↗
A new century of international telemedicine for radiation-exposed victims in the world.
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Humans↗
Sustained ocular delivery of tilisolol to rabbits after topical administration or intravitreal injection of lipophilic prodrug incorporated in liposomes.
To improve the retention time of tilisolol in the precorneal area or vitreous body, we prepared liposomes incorporating the O-palmitoyl prodrug of tilisolol. O-Palmitoyl tilisolol was completely incorporated in the liposomes. After topical administration of O-palmitoyl tilisolol liposomes to the rabbit eye, O-palmitoyl tilisolol rapidly disappeared from the tear fluid. The inclusion of 2% carmellose sodium slightly prolonged the retention of O-palmitoyl tilisolol in the tear fluid. After intravitreal injection of O-palmitoyl tilisolol liposomes, there was a relatively prolonged retention of O-palmitoyl tilisolol in the vitreous body. At 24 and 48 h after intravitreal injection of O-palmitoyl tilisolol liposomes, the tilisolol concentration in the vitreous body was significantly higher compared with the concentration after intravitreal injection of tilisolol liposomes.
Administration, Topical↗
Effect of instillation method on the absorption of phenolsulphonphthalein as a model drug from the liver and small intestinal serosal surface in rats.
We have examined the effect of the instillation method on the absorption of a drug from the liver and the small intestinal serosal surface in rats. We performed continuous microinstillation via an infusion pump and bolus instillation via a syringe, using phenolsulphonphthalein (phenol red) as the model drug. After continuous microinstillation of phenolsulphonphthalein 2.35 mg in 235 microL for 5 min on the liver and small intestinal serosal surface in rats, the AUC (area under the curve) of the plasma concentration profile up to 60 min was significantly higher compared with bolus instillation. A similar trend was observed after continuous microinstillation of phenolsulphonphthalein 2.35 mg in 117.5 microL for 2.5 min. The calculated absorption rate constants (Ka) after continuous microinstillation of phenolsulphonphthalein based on a two-compartment model with first-order absorption were higher than those after bolus instillation on the liver and small intestinal serosal surface at either instillation concentration. Moreover, Ka was increased after continuous microinstillation of 2.35 mg in 117.5 microL at either instillation site. Instillation of phenolsulphonphthalein on the liver surface resulted in a 1.2- to 2.3-fold higher Ka compared with the small intestinal serosal surface. This tendency was marked after continuous microinstillation of 2.35 mg in 117.5 microL. In conclusion, absorption could be enhanced by instilling a small amount of drug solution on the liver surface gradually and continuously, suggesting a promising approach for instillation site-selective drug delivery in the peritoneal cavity.
Algorithms↗
A solitary bronchial papilloma with malignant changes.
We describe a case of solitary papilloma of the bronchus and provide a review of 38 similar cases reported in Japan. A 70-year-old man complained of cough and sputum. Chest X-rays and CT scans revealed atelectasis of the right middle lobe. On bronchoscopy, a polypoid tumor was found at the orifice of the bronchus of the right middle lobe. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as a squamous papilloma with moderate atypia. Because of elevated tumor markers and the reported high incidence of malignant changes in papillomas, the tumor was endoscopically resected by electrosurgical snare. While this procedure resulted in improvement of atelectasis, the chest CT taken subsequently revealed a mass adjacent to the resected polypoid tumor in the middle lobe bronchus. Percutaneous needle biopsy followed by histopathological examination confirmed the tumor to be a squamous cell carcinoma. Only three cases of malignant changes in papillomas have been previously reported in Japan. Electrosurgical snare, which allows the identification of tissue at the tumor base, should be the treatment of choice rather than YAG laser surgery.
Aged↗
Aberrant intracellular localization of RCAS1 is associated with tumor progression of gastric cancer.
A novel tumor-associated antigen, RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells) is expressed at a high frequency in human uterine and ovarian cancer cells as well as in other mammalian cancer cells. We investigated a relationship between RCAS1 expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemically, RCAS1 was detected in 98.4% of gastric carcinomas. However, its expression was also observed in non-cancerous gastric epithelial cells including gastric adenomas (100%), gastric ulcers (66.7%) and normal gastric epithelia (100%). Striking difference was observed in the pattern of RCAS1 expression between benign and malignant cells. In cases of normal gastric mucosae, gastric ulcers and gastric adenomas, RCAS1 was localized only in the perinuclear region of the mucosal epithelial cells (PN pattern), while, in most of gastric cancers (83.9%), it was detected diffusely in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of the tumor cells (DC pattern). In semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, RCAS1 mRNA levels in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were significantly higher than those in non-neoplastic tissues (p=0.038). The PN pattern of RCAS1 expression was more frequently observed in well differentiated adenocarcinoma (25%) than in moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (0%) (p=0.01). In addition, it is noteworthy that DC pattern of RCAS1 expression was more frequently recognized in carcinomas which invaded beyond the submucosa (100%) compared to intramucosal carcinoma (67.7%) (p=0.0026). These findings suggest that altered intracellular distribution of RCAS1 is strictly associated with tumor progression of gastric cancer and is a useful marker for the diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Perioperative administration of bicarbonated solution to a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy].
A 16-year-old man with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy underwent biopsy and nephrectomy under general anesthesia. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, and frequently accompanies elevation of lactic and pyruvic acid levels in the blood. It has been considered that problems of anesthesia for the patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy are the probability of hyperlactacidemia, the relevance to malignant hyperthermia, the possibility of myocardial disease and dysfunction of heart conduction system, respiratory depression due to muscle weakness, and so on. Therefore, to prevent hyperlactacidemia, we prepared the extracellular fluid solution including bicarbonic acid but no lactic and acetic acid, and infused the solution to the patient during anesthesia. By use of this solution, his lactic acid level was kept within the normal range during anesthesia and no metabolic acidosis occurred. His hemodynamics was stable and he showed normal response to vecuronium, recovering from anesthesia smoothly and postoperative course was uneventful.
Acidosis, Lactic↗
Characteristics of primary production in a eutrophicated bay.
The primary production of phytoplanktons provides organic matter in high concentration in eutrophicated Hakata bay in Japan, even during the winter season in spite of low water temperature. Phytoplanktons may have the biological capabilities to maintain activities of photosynthesis under unfavorable conditions, and these capabilities affect water quality in the bays. In this study, characteristics of primary production were analyzed with a simple box-type ecosystem model. We introduced a concept of efficiency for absorption of sunlight energy to our simulation model of water quality to explain rather high growth rates of phytoplanktons in low sunlight intensity. Through simulation with a box model, we found that the efficiency of primary production in winter is higher than that in summer. It was suggested that the organic pollution comes from dissolved organic carbon (DOC) throughout the year and that the DOC is originated from the primary production of phytoplanktons in biological response of the seasonal change of ambient conditions.
Adsorption↗
Impaired blood rheology by remnant-like lipoprotein particles: studies in patients with fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver disease (FLD) characterised by a high plasma levels of lipoproteins and remnant-like lipoproteins (RLP) is a risk factor for impaired microvascular blood flow, endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Using an immunoseparation technique with a gel mixture containing human monoclonal antibodies to apo A-I and apo B-100, we separated and measured RLP cholesterol (RLP-C) levels which reflect RLP in patients with FLD (n=20). Whole blood transit time (TT) was determined by a microchannel method (MC-FAN) which allows blood flow to be viewed via a microscope connected to an image display unit. RLP-C levels were higher (P<0.01) in FLD, 15.6 +/- 1.0 mg/dl compared with 4.8 +/- 0.5 mg/dl for controls (n=20). Similarly, TT was longer (P<0.01) in FLD, 284.5 +/- 26.1 sec/100 microl compared with 82.8 +/- 1.0 sec/100 microl for controls. Since the liver is a major site for RLP formation and degradation, it is affected to a greater extent in patients with FLD. It is likely that high levels of RLP can impair microvascular perfusion in the liver tissue and contribute to the development and progression of FLD.
2-Chloroadenosine↗
Effects of recombinant human erythropoietin therapy on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system.
This study was designed to examine the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) therapy on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients scheduled for elective heart surgery and undergoing preoperative autologous blood donation. Twenty-seven patients were studied, of whom 16 patients received rHuEPO (group E) and 11 patients no rHuEPO therapy (group N). The patients in group E were given 6000 units of rHuEPO intravenously every other day, three times a week, beginning from two weeks prior to the operation. In both groups, 400 ml of blood was collected preoperatively for predeposit once a week for two weeks, and the self-donated blood was returned to the patient intra- and postoperatively. Blood samples were drawn at the beginning of the study, immediately before the operation and two weeks after the operation. They were analyzed to assess blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet function and vascular endothelial cell function, in order to examine the effects of the administration of rHuEPO. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the degree of changes in these parameters following the operation. As enhancement of blood coagulability and fibrinolytic activity was evident postoperatively in both groups, changes in these parameters during the preoperative autologous blood donation period were also assessed excluding the postoperative data. Again, there was no significant intergroup difference in any of the markers evaluated. It was concluded that the administration of rHuEPO during preoperative autologous blood donation is unlikely to affect coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Adult↗
Expression and prognostic significance in lung cancer of human tumor-associated antigen RCAS1.
A new monoclonal antibody (MAb), 22-1-1, acts against a novel tumor-associated antigen (Ag) strongly expressed in human uterine cervical adenocarcinomas. A cDNA encoding the Ag recognized by the 22-1-1 MAb has been isolated and called RCAS1 (receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells). RCAS1 can induce growth arrest and apoptosis in RCAS1 receptor-positive cells including T cells and natural killer cells in vitro. These results suggest that RCAS1 is involved in tumor escape from the immune system. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the relationship between RCAS1 expression and clinicopathological variables (age, sex, smoking, histology, differentiation grade, pathological T factor, N factor and stage) and the prognostic significance of RCAS1 in 66 lung-cancer patients who underwent curative operations: 33 adenocarcinomas, 24 squamous-cell carcinomas, 3 large-cell carcinomas, 4 adenosquamous carcinomas and 2 small-cell carcinomas. Median follow-up period of 64 non-small-cell carcinomas (NSCLCs) was 67.4 months. RCAS1 was expressed in 74.2% of lung cancers. RCAS1 in NSCLC cases with advanced T factor or pathological stage or in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas was highly expressed. Furthermore, RCAS1 expression inducing apoptosis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was a significant prognostic factor in NSCLC (p<0.03).
Adenocarcinoma↗
Polymyxin B binds to anandamide and inhibits its cytotoxic effect.
Anandamide (ANA), an endogenous cannabinoid, can be generated by activated macrophages during endotoxin shock and is thought to be a paracrine contributor to hypotension. We discovered that ANA in saline/ethanol solution and in serum was efficiently adsorbed in a polymyxin B (PMB)-immobilized beads column and eluted with ethanol. We confirmed the direct binding of PMB to ANA by using surface plasmon resonance. The adsorption of ANA by PMB may abolish the diverse effects of ANA such as hypotension, immunosuppression, and cytotoxicity, and may suggest a new therapeutic strategy for endotoxin shock.
Adsorption↗