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Biomedical subjects

M Nakano

Publications and source records attributed to M Nakano.

At least 1,045 records · Page 58Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The roles of interleukins in the synergistic effect of B-cell mitogens with concanavalin A on hydrocortisone-resistant thymic cell proliferation.

Investigations were made to determine the roles of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-2 in the synergistic enhancement of DNA synthesis by concanavalin A (Con A) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or butanol-extracted water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) from Bacterionema matruchotii in cultures of thymic cells taken from hydrocortisone (HC)-treated C3H/HeN (LPS-responsive) and C3H/HeJ (LPS-non-responsive) mice. When the C3H/HeNCrj cells were cultured in the presence of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA together, [3H]thymidine [( 3H]TdR) uptake of the cells was enhanced synergistically in comparison with those cultured with either one of the mitogens alone. The synergistic effect on thymic cells was dependent on Ia-positive accessory cells, since a previous treatment of the cells with anti-Iak serum and complement inhibited the response, and the inhibition could be relieved by the addition of either purified peritoneal exudate macrophages (Mø) or splenic B lymphocytes. The co-stimulation of cells with Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA also enhanced their production and release of thymic cell growth factor(s) into the culture medium. The amounts of IL-1 and IL-2 in the culture supernatants were sufficiently high to explain the activities of the growth factor(s). On the other hand, enhanced IL-2 production without significant increase in IL-1 was seen in the co-cultures of anti-Ia+ cell deprived thymic cells and purified splenic B cells prepared from C3H/HeNCrj mice in the presence of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA, and it was seen in the cultures of C3H/HeJ thymic cells with Con A and LPS. These results suggest that the synergistic effect of Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA on the proliferative response of HC-treated thymic cells is mainly due to the enhanced production of IL-2 and its action to increase cell growth, and there are two pathways by which the enhancement of IL-2 production by Con A and LPS or Bu-WSA can occur: an IL-1-dependent pathway, or an IL-1-independent one.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

[The efficacy of a tissue adhesive agent (BI 0.022) in urinary tract surgery--application to pyelo- and ureterolithotomy].

To evaluate the effect of a tissue adhesive agent (BI 0.022) on renal pelvic and ureteral surgery, the adhesive was applied for 44 patients with urolithiasis. The conventional suture method was performed in 87 patients as a control. The tissue adhesive is composed of fibrinogen, thrombin, factor XIII, aprotinin and CaCl2. The number of sutures for closure of the incision made on the rental pelvis and the ureter was significantly reduced by the use of the tissue adhesive (p less than 0.01). There was no tendency of increase in urinary leakage following the application of the method in comparison with the control. Furthermore, it was noteworthy that 10 in cases with less than a 1 cm ureteral incision were completely closed by the use of the adhesive agent. This tissue adhesive agent should be valuable for renal pelvic and ureteral surgery as a simple substitute for the conventional suture method.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary trehalase activity during normal pregnancy: tubular dysfunctions].

By measuring urinary trehalase which is localized in renal brush borders, we examined whether tubular dysfunction occurred or not during and after normal pregnancy. Urinary trehalase activity in 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, and 3rd trimester was increased significantly as compared with the controls (=non-pregnant women) (p less than 0.01). After delivery, urinary trehalase activity in puerperal 5th day was decreased to the level of the 1st trimester, and the activity of puerperal on the 30th day was in the range of the control value. Urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) in the 1st trimester and 2nd trimester was not increased significantly as compared with the controls. Urinary beta 2-MG in the 3rd trimester, however, was significantly higher than that in the controls. After delivery, the value for beta 2-MG in puerperal on the 5th day was not decreased significantly as compared with the 3rd trimester, and in puerperal on the 30th day, urinary beta 2-MG was decreased to the control value. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in the 3rd trimester was significantly higher than that in the controls (p less than 0.01) and in the 1st trimester (p less than 0.02). After delivery, a significant decrease was observed in urinary NAG between 5th puerperal day and the 3rd trimester. Moreover, urinary NAG on the 30th puerperal day was the level of the controls. On the basis of these results, it is inferred that tubular dysfunction is observed during normal pregnancy.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Effect of food on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of two sustained release dosage forms: Part I.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers under overnight fasting and non-fasting conditions. Higher concentrations at early absorption phase under fasting conditions than under non-fasting conditions were observed after administration of Theo-Dur, whereas little difference in plasma concentrations was noted when E-0686 was administered under fasting and non-fasting conditions. Bioequivalency was demonstrated depending upon the extent of bioavailability of the two preparations. Compared to the theophylline levels in non-smokers, significantly lower concentrations at elimination phase and AUC0-infinity values were observed in smokers in each treatment (p less than 0.05). E-0686 exhibited almost the same rate constant in dissolution in vitro and in absorption in vivo, while Theo-Dur did not. Therefore, it may be concluded that E-0686 is a well-designed sustained release preparation that releases theophylline in vivo at a given rate which can be easily determined in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Study of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of two sustained release dosage forms as assessed by salivary data: Part II.

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of theophylline following administration of a marketed sustained release tablet (Theo-Dur) and a newly designed sustained release tablet (E-0686) have been studied in fifteen healthy volunteers by measuring plasma and salivary concentrations. The theophylline level in saliva was 42.3 +/- 0.008 (s.e.m.) % of the plasma level and its correlation coefficient was 0.908. This observation suggests that salivary levels are considered to be a good indicator of the plasma concentration of theophylline. Interformulation variability in the saliva/plasma ratio was not significant in four occasions (p greater than 0.05). Thus, it was confirmed that the saliva/plasma ratio was nearly constant after administration of sustained release preparations of theophylline. Bioequivalency as to the extent of bioavailability of the two preparations was demonstrated by measurements of plasma and salivary levels. Compared to the theophylline levels in non-smokers, lower concentrations were observed in smokers at elimination phase by measurements of both the plasma and salivary levels, but shorter elimination half-life in smokers was indicated only in salivary data.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between serum concentration and daily dose of dantrolene in cerebral palsy patients.

Serum concentration of dantrolene and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxydantrolene were determined in 27 cerebral palsy patients. Correlation coefficients between the oral dose of dantrolene and serum levels of dantrolene and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxydantrolene were rather small in cerebral palsy patients. The mean half-times of dantrolene and 5-hydroxydantrolene were 3.41 (n = 6) and 4.00 (n = 5) hours, respectively. These values were about a half of those reported earlier [Lietman et al., 1974; Meyler et al., 1979; Flewellen et al., 1983]. The poor correlation between serum level and dose may be due to the variation in an extent of oral dantrolene availability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Generation of electronically excited species during enzymatic oxidation of chlorpromazine and related compound.

Chemiluminescence in visible region was detected, during peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chlorpromazine at pH7.5 (but not at pH4.25) or of propericiazine, both at pH7.5 and at pH4.25. Red colored intermediates, cation radicals, were produced and decayed in all enzymatic systems used. Chemiluminescence was also detected at pH7.5, but not at pH4.25, when synthesized cation radical of chlorpromazine in water was mixed with concentrated buffer. Protonation of alkyl nitrogen in the cation radical of chlorpromazine was highly related to the appearance of luminescence. Possible mechanisms of the generation of the excited phenothiazine analogs were discussed.

Chlorpromazine↗