Microvasculature of the epididymis and ductus deferens of domestic fowls.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nakai
Publications and source records attributed to M Nakai.
Monocular eye movement in the cat: its corticotectal pathway.
The corticotectal pathway from the fundus of the cat's coronal sulcus (CORo) from which monocular movements of contralateral eye were evoked was studied using electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. Neurons in the CORo were activated antidromically by electrical stimulation of the deep layer of the superior colliculus (SC). Labeled cells were found in the CORo following horseradish peroxidase injection in the SC.
Animals↗
[Transplantation of the superior cervical ganglion into the brain--a new experimental therapy of Parkinson disease].
To supplement catecholamine deficit in the brain with Parkinson disease, we have aimed to transplant the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), which contains norepinephrine and dopamine, into the brain. 1. Transplantation of SCG into rat cerebral cortex SCG was transplanted into the same rat's parietal cortex. Three weeks after the transplantation, catecholamine histofluorescence revealed many transplanted catecholamine cells in the cortex. However, no fibers extended from the transplanted tissue to the cerebral cortex. Some catecholamine fibers extended to the cerebral cortex where 6-OHDA (a specific neurotoxin to the catecholamine neuron) had been pretreated. 2. Transplantation of SCG into the caudate nucleus of MPTP-induced Parkinson monkey For animal model of Parkinson disease, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine) was administered to 5 monkeys. Tow weeks after MPTP administration, dopamine terminals disappeared in the caudate nucleus. After transplantation of SCG in the same animal, many transplanted SCG cells extended their axons to the caudate nucleus. The present results showed that transplanted SCG cells were well survived in the brain. Under a special circumstance such as shortage of catecholamine in the brain, transplanted SCG cells extended their axons into the brain. It is suggested that the transplantation of SCG can be a new therapy for Parkinson disease.
Animals↗
[Acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with late onset systemic lupus erythematosus--a case report].
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Aged↗
[Ultrasonographic findings of parathyroid tumor with primary hyperparathyroidism].
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Adenoma↗
Measurement of the alpha 2 component of a novel oncodevelopmental antigen by a rapid electroimmunoassay.
A method was required for the quantification of a novel oncodevelopmental antigen which increases in the serum of pregnant women as well as patients with ovarian cancer. The native antigen is composed of two components having alpha 2 and beta electrophoretic mobilities. An assay method, involving electroimmunodiffusion according to Laurell, was developed for the measurement of the alpha 2 component of the antigen. The method is sufficiently sensitive to determine significant differences in the levels of antigen in the serum of non-pregnant and pregnant subjects, and patients with ovarian cancer. In addition to routine quantitation, the technique will also be an indispensable analytical tool in the purification of the protein.
Antibody Specificity↗
Corticocortical connections of frontal oculomotor areas in the cat.
The corticocortical connections of the frontal 'oculomotor' areas related to eye movements of the cat were studied using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing method combined with electrophysiological techniques. The following results were obtained. (1) The medial wall of the hemisphere under the cruciate sulcus (CRU), where contralateral conjugate eye deviation was elicited, received fibers from the medial bank of the presylvian sulcus (PRE). The fundus of the coronal sulcus (COR), where monocular movement of the contralateral eye was evoked, received fibers from the lateral bank of the PRE. (2) All the frontal oculomotor areas, the medial wall of the hemisphere under the CRU, the fundus of the COR, and both banks of the PRE, received fibers from the ipsilateral ventral bank of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES). (3) The ventral bank of the AES received fibers from the caudal part of the lateral suprasylvian visual areas. On the basis of the fiber connections, the frontal oculomotor areas can be subdivided into a 'medial' area, the medial wall of the hemisphere under the CRU and the medial bank of the PRE, and a 'lateral' area, the lateral bank of the PRE and the fundus of the COR. Moreover, we found evidence of fiber projections from the ventral bank of the AES to the frontal oculomotor areas that were physiologically identified.
Animals↗
Phorbol esters inhibit phosphate uptake in opossum kidney cells: a model of proximal renal tubular cells.
The effects of phorbol esters and diacylglycerol on phosphate uptake in opossum kidney (OK) cells were investigated to assess the possible role of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) on renal phosphate handling. OK cells are widely used as a model of proximal renal tubular cells and are reported to possess a Na+-dependent phosphate transport system. Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) inhibited phosphate uptake. This inhibitory effect was synergistically enhanced with A23187. 4 beta-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate inhibited phosphate uptake, while 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate did not. 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol (OAG), a synthetic diacylglycerol, also exhibited an inhibitory effect on phosphate uptake. These data suggest the possible involvement of protein kinase C in proximal renal tubular phosphate transport.
Animals↗
Possible involvement of inositol phosphates and calmodulin in calcitonin-induced stimulation of phosphate transport in LLC-PK1 cells.
The present study investigated the possible involvement of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and Ca2+-calmodulin complex in the calcitonin-induced stimulation of phosphate transport in LLC-PK1 cells. This cell line with calcitonin receptors possesses Na+-dependent phosphate transport and has been employed as a model for studying the mechanism of renal tubular phosphate transport. (Asu1,7) eel calcitonin stimulated the phosphate transport in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent fashion with accompanying increase of inositol triphosphate (IP3) production. When the cells were preincubated with the potent calmodulin antagonist, w-7 or w-13, the stimulatory effect of calcitonin on phosphate transport was significantly inhibited. These findings indicate that Ca2+-calmodulin complex formed by increased cytosolic Ca2+, which is mobilized from intracellular pools by IP3, may be involved in the signal transduction of calcitonin in these cells.
Animals↗
Arachidonic acid inhibits phosphate transport by cultured renal cells.
Because arachidonic acid and its metabolites are reported to be intracellular messengers of various exogenous stimuli, we studied whether arachidonic acid influences phosphate transport by cultured mouse renal epithelial cells. Arachidonic acid, at 10(-7)-10(-4)M, inhibited phosphate transport without influencing cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate production. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and indomethacin, inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, did not cancel the arachidonic acid-induced inhibition of phosphate transport. Furthermore, unsaturated fatty acids other than arachidonic acid also inhibited phosphate transport and their inhibitory effect increased as the number of double bond increased. These data demonstrate that arachidonic acid inhibits the phosphate transport by the cultured renal epithelial cells, probably not via conversion to its metabolites.
Animals↗
Regional cerebral blood flow of acute carbon monoxide poisoning in cats.
The mechanism of selective vulnerability of the cerebral white matter and pallidum in acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning was experimentally investigated by measuring regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the iodo-[14C]antipyrine method. A CO group consisting of five cats was exposed to 0.2%-0.3% CO gas and the rCBF was measured when moderate systemic hypotension (70-80 mm Hg) occurred; because systemic hypotension of this level during exposing to 0.2%-0.3% CO gas induces typical cerebral lesions of acute CO poisoning in almost all cats [Okeda et al. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 54:1-10 (1981)]. Controls were a hypotension group of three cats with moderate systemic hypotension induced for 1 h without CO exposure, and a control group of five cats which inhaled only air for 2 h. The rCBF of each structure in the CO and hypotension groups was evaluated as a percentage of that of the control group. The rCBF of the CO group exhibited a wide range (68%-127%) according to the structures examined, and the mean (94.6%) was large compared with that (range: 53%-82%, mean: 67.4%) of the hypotension group. In the CO group, the examined brain structures where divided in two groups according to the rCBF values; low-value structures and high-value structures. There was significant (P less than 0.05) difference between rCBFs of both the structure groups. The cerebral white matter and pallidum belonged to low-value structures, and these rCBFs did not show any significant difference from those of other structures in this structure group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute Disease↗
An ovarian cancer-associated antigen that crossreacts with a pregnancy-associated protein.
The presence of an ovarian ascitic antigen that crossreacts with a placental antigen was demonstrated in ascitic fluid from patients with advanced ovarian cancer, and the antigen was partially purified. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis were employed to confirm the existence of the reactive antigen and to determine the relationships between the antigens from various sources. On double immunodiffusion, the ovarian ascitic antigen was found to be immunologically completely identical with a placental antigen against monospecific antisera raised against an ovarian ascitic and a placental antigen, respectively. On gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, the antigenic activity was eluted in two regions corresponding to different molecular sizes. The two preparations of the larger and smaller forms showed complete identity on double immunodiffusion, but dissimilar mobilities on immunoelectrophoresis. Preliminary characterization of the antigen revealed that it is distinct from several cancer-related antigens so far described.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Rapid inactivation of tumor killing factor in vitro.
The mechanism of the rapid inactivation of the cytotoxic activity produced by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with Sarcophaga lectin was investigated. Experiments using radioiodinated tumor killing factor (TKF) showed that the main reason for its inactivation was the rapid dissociation of its trimeric structure into 15-kDa subunits. This dissociation was found to proceed spontaneously in the culture medium irrespective of the presence of macrophages.
Animals↗
Contractile effects of perivascularly applied vasopressin on the pial artery of the cat brain.
1. The effects of perivascularly applied vasopressin on the diameter of pial arteries (control 298 +/- 14 S.E. micron) of the brain were examined after chronic implantation of a cranial window in fifteen anaesthetized cats. 2. Application of vasopressin resulted in a dose-dependent contraction. The threshold concentration for contraction was 3 X 10(-10) M, the half-maximal effective concentration (ED50) (1.6 +/- 0.2) X 10(-9) M, and the maximum reduction in artery diameter 37 +/- 2%. 3. The contraction was powerfully inhibited by perivascular application of a 10(-7) M solution of the vasopressin antagonist, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid),2-(O-methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin. 4. Perivascular application of noradrenaline induced a dose-dependent contraction of the pial artery. The ED50 was (8.9 +/- 2.5) X 10(-7) M, and the maximum reduction in artery diameter was 33 +/- 2%. 5. Such noradrenaline-induced contraction was not modified at all in the presence of a subthreshold dose (2 X 10(-10) M) of vasopressin (P greater than 0.05, for the over-all difference in size of the contraction, ED50 and maximum contraction). 6. In another experimental setting it was also found that neither the subthreshold nor a suprathreshold (10(-9) M) dose of vasopressin modified the contraction induced by 10(-6) M-noradrenaline (P greater than 0.05, compared to the contraction in the absence of vasopressin). 7. Thus a powerful and sensitive contractile response of the pial arteries to perivascularly applied vasopressin was demonstrated. However, the modifying effect of vasopressin on the contraction induced by perivascularly applied noradrenaline was minimal.
Animals↗
Cardiovascular responses to acute stress in young-to-old spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Age-related changes in circulatory responses to short-term shaker stress were investigated in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Hemodynamics (microspheres) were measured at 8, 24, 48, and 96 weeks of age, and plasma catecholamines were measured at 8 and 96 weeks. At rest, elevated mean arterial pressure was associated with unaltered cardiac index and heart rate in SHR compared with WKY at all ages. Regional blood flow was largely similar in both strains, except for a reduced renal flow in 96-week-old SHR. Cardiac index and most regional blood flow tended to or did decline in both strains between 8 and 96 weeks. Plasma catecholamines were similar in both strains at 8 and 96 weeks. Shaker stress evoked responses similar to defense reactions in both strains. The incremental responses in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, and cerebral, skeletal muscle, and myocardial flow and the decremental responses in splanchnic, renal, and skin flow were greater in SHR than in WKY, particularly at 8 weeks. Most of these responses tended to or did decline between 8 and 96 weeks in both strains. The plasma catecholamine responses were also greater in SHR at 8 and 96 weeks, and they did not differ in either strain between these ages. Thus, circulatory and sympathoadrenal reactivity to acute stress were enhanced in SHR compared with WKY, independently of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aging↗
Isolation of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from respiratory tract of pigs in Japan.
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Animals↗
Types of monocular eye movements studied by intracortical microstimulation in the cat's coronal sulcus.
To study the types of the monocular eye movements, intracortical microstimulations were applied to the fundus of the cat's coronal sulcus where the monocular movements of the contralateral eye were evoked. The monocular eye movements were saccadic and directed toward the nasal side converging on a horizontal line from various eye positions. The average threshold and latency were 18.0 microA (range 8-30 microA) and 19.5 ms (range 18-20 ms), respectively.
Animals↗
Optimality principle in vascular bifurcation.
The optimal geometry of the vascular bifurcation is interpreted on the basis of the principle of minimum work. We consider the energy expenditure due to the viscosity of blood, and that for maintaining the metabolic states of the blood cells and of the vessel wall. It is shown that the optimal radii of the stem and branch vessels and the optimal branching angle are related to two parameters which represent the morphologic and metabolic states of the blood and the vessel wall. In the special case of symmetrical bifurcation, it was found that as the metabolic demand of the vessel wall becomes more apparent when compared with that of the blood, the branch radius relative to that of the stem takes values of from 0.794 down to 0.758 minimally, and the angle from 37.5 degrees up to 48.7 degrees maximally with respect to the direction of the stem.
Blood Vessels↗