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Biomedical subjects

M Naganuma

Publications and source records attributed to M Naganuma.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A case of AIDS with bronchial tuberculosis].

A case is 48 years-old Japanese man who had a history of frequent sexual contact with prostitutes in Thailand and the Philippines. He presented with chief complaint of chest discomfort in April 1995. His chest X-ray film showed right mediastinal lymph node swelling in other hospital and the sputum smear was strongly positive for acid fast bacilli. In May 1995, he was admitted to our hospital and serological tests for HIV were positive both by EIA and Western blot methods. The CD4 lymphocyte count was 167/microliters. He was diagnosed as a case of AIDS according to the criteria proposed by the AIDS surveillance committee of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. Although numerous tubercule bacilli were detected in sputum, the chest X-ray did not show abnormal shadow in lung fields. So the diagnosis of bronchial tuberculosis was suspected by these apparently contradictory findings and the bronchoscopy was performed. Biopsy specimen of the bronchial mucous membrane obtained by bronchoscopy confirmed the presence of acid fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen's staining method, however, histological findings were atypical of tuberculosis. A month after the initiation of treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol and AZT, his clinical symptoms improved and the sputum smear and the culture tests for tubercule bacilli converted to negative. Complications of AIDS, (Pneumocystis carinii infection, Cytomegalo virus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma, etc) other than tuberculosis have not developed to date. In the past reports, we could not find reports of bronchial tuberculosis with AIDS. Tuberculous granuloma formation was scarce in this case, and it was suspected that bronchial tuberculosis with AIDS would show characteristic sign as same as pulmonary tuberculosis with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

MRI of peripheral nerves and pathology of sural nerves in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III.

We investigated two patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III, one with Déjérine-Sottas disease and the other with congenital hypomyelination neuropathy based on nerve pathology and MRI of the sciatic nerve. On biopsy of the sural nerve of the patient with Déjérine-Sottas disease, myelin debris, indicating demyelination, was observed in an onion-bulb pattern surrounding myelinated fibres. In the patient with congenital hypomyelination neuropathy, onion bulbs were formed of two parallel layers of basement membrane. There was no evidence of myelin breakdown. On axial T2-weighted MRI, a severely hypertropied sciatic nerve containing multiple rounded lesions, suggesting inflammation or demyelination, was observed in the patient with Déjérine-Sottas disease. In contrast, the sciatic nerve of the patient with congenital hypomyelination neuropathy showed slight hypertrophy without demyelination. MRI of the sciatic nerve may represent a useful tool for characterisation of demyelinating disease and its prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Expression of P0 protein in sural nerve of a patient with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III.

We present expression of Po protein and Po mRNA on the sural nerve of a patient with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type III. This patient was identified with a point mutation in Po gene, which resulted in the substitution of glycine for arginine in transmembrane domain of P0 protein. An electron microscopic examination revealed very thin myelinated fibers surrounded by multilamellated onion bulbs composed with greatly proliferated Schwann cells. An immunocytochemical and immunoblot analysis is showed P0 protein normally expressed in myelin on the sural nerve. By in situ hybridization, mRNA of P0 protein was detected at normal levels in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Those observations indicated that there was no truncated myelin P0 protein in peripheral nerve of this patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Fluorometric analysis of liquid-crystalline to inverted hexagonal phase transition induced by diacylglycerol in liposomes].

In order to delineate the physiological role of diacylglycerol (DAG) to induce phase transition from liquid-crystalline (L alpha) to inverted hexagonal (HII) phase, the minimal concentration of dioleoylglycerol (DOG) required for the initiation of the phase transition was determined by the fluorescence spectroscopy using multi-lamellar vesicles composed of brain phosphatidylcholine (PC), brain phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cholesterol (CHOL) = 1:1:1 (mol/mol). DOG reduced the initial temperature of the phase transition at the constant rate of 5.6 degrees C per mol% of DOG and required 1.6 mol% of total lipids for the initial induction of the HII phase in pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C. This suggested that physiological concentration of DAG may induce L alpha to HII phase transition in biomembranes. The molecular motion of lipids in the phase transition was analysed by means of time-resolved fluorescence depolarization spectroscopy using fluorescence-labelled lipids in the same liposomes. Wobbling angle of fluorescence probes increased at the acyl-chain of phospholipid and decreased at the head group in the DOG-induced L alpha to HII phase transition. This corresponds the negative change of mean curvature of the membrane in the phase transition. Wobbling angle of fluorescence probes, 1,6-phenyl-trans-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), at the acyl-chain was larger in DPH-glycerol (G) than DPH-phosphatidic acid (PA) and DPH-PC, which suggested that the mobility of the acyl-chain of DAG may be greater than that of PC and PA.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1991

Chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy associated with central nervous system demyelination.

We have carried out a long-term study of lesions found in a man who had a demyelinating disease of both central and peripheral nervous systems. During the 10 years of his clinical course, he suffered from optic neuritis, multifocal myelitis, and chronic multifocal demyelinating neuropathy, with persistent conduction block. Our study revealed that both central and peripheral nervous system demyelination occurred repeatedly and simultaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of chronic exposure ultraviolet-A including 2% ultraviolet-B on free radical reduction systems in hairless mice.

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is known to cause a variety of changes in the skin, including wrinkles, pigmented spots and carcinogenesis. To explore time dependent changes in several parameters with chronic UV irradiation, we examined the molecular changes in connective tissue, intracellular defence enzymes and free radical antioxidant substances in hairless mice skin caused by chronic exposure to UV-A including 2% UV-B. Connective tissue changes were estimated using hydroxyproline and isodesmosine assays as a measure of collagen and elastin concentrations, respectively. After 6 weeks irradiation, the insoluble collagen and elastin were both substantially elevated, as were the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Continued UV irradiation resulted in a steady decline in SOD and lipid soluble antioxidants, while the GSH-Px remained elevated, suggesting that SOD and lipid soluble antioxidants in the skin may be involved in protecting it from UV damage and deteriorate with chronic irradiation.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

Two cases of neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis presenting with myelopathy.

We describe two patients with autopsy-proven neoplastic angioendotheliomatosis (NAE) presenting only as a transverse myelopathy for 10 to 12 months, followed by disseminated intracranial manifestations. Postmortem examination disclosed a vasculocentric distribution of neoplastic cells in various organs that stained positively with B-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody. These cases were unusual because they manifested as an isolated myelopathy for many months.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with multifocal nerve hypertrophy--report of a case with MRI study].

We reported a 29-year-old woman who had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) associated with multifocal nerve hypertrophy. She developed chronic progressive muscular weakness of distal part of her extremities and sensory ataxia of limbs and trunk for five years. Steroid therapy improved most of her signs and symptoms. No recurrence has occurred for the subsequent four years until present time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multifocal and nodular hypertrophy of her peripheral nerves in the extremities. MRI also detected the hypertrophy of posterior nerve ganglia and extradural nerve roots. Hypertrophic nerve trunk comprised of multifocal and nodular hypertrophy of the nerve fiber fascicles which were detected as abnormal high signal intensity area in MR T2-weighted images. Her sural nerve contained no onion-bulb formations and presented normal low signal in MR T2-weighted images. We concluded that the hypertrophic changes occurred multifocally in and among nerve fascicles predominantly at the proximal part of the nerves of the extremities. MRI is useful method to detect the hypertrophic change of peripheral nerves deep in the trunk and the extremities in CIDP.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in soft palate taste buds of rats due to aging and zinc deficiency--scanning electron microscopic observation.

The effects of aging and zinc deficiencies on taste were studied. The soft palate of zinc-deficient old rats, prepared by feeding with a zinc-deficient diet, were studied by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and comparative examination was made on the morphological changes in soft palate papillae and taste buds of young normal rats and control old rats. In the case of young normal rats, papillae similar to lingual fungiform papillae were observed on the soft palate; one taste bud per one papilla was observed. The papillae were concentrated in the central area of the soft palate continuing from the hard palate. In the case of old rats, decrease in the number of papillae, flattening of papillae, exfoliation and atrophy of mucosal epithelium and leveling of microplicae were observed. In the case of zinc-deficient old rats, the above-mentioned tendencies were more significant. While dense substance and microvilli were observed in taste pores of taste buds of young normal rats, these were found to decrease or disappear in the zinc-deficient old rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

A study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil.

Lemon oil contains furocoumarin derivatives and is known to cause phototoxicity. In this study, lemon oil was fractionated, and its phototoxic activity was measured by means of a biological assay. The substances producing phototoxicity were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as being oxypeucedanin and bergapten. The phototoxic potency of oxypeucedanin was only one-quarter of that of bergapten. However, the amounts of these two phototoxic compounds present in lemon oils produced in different regions of the world varied by a factor of more than 20 (bergapten, 4-87 ppm; oxypeucedanin, 26-728 ppm), and their ratio was not constant. The two compounds accounted for essentially all of the phototoxic activity of all lemon-oil samples. Among various other citrus-essential oils investigated, lime oil and bitter-orange oil also contained large amounts of oxypeucedanin. Oxypeucedanin was found to elicit photopigmentation on colored-guinea-pig skin without preceding visible erythema.

5-Methoxypsoralen↗
PubMed1985

Infective endocarditis in children.

The clinical manifestations, infective microorganisms, underlying diseases, complications and prognosis of infective endocarditis (IE) were studied in 17 current patients. Data were compared with 101 previous cases reported in Japan. Most patients with IE (110/118 = 93.2%) had underlying heart diseases. IE was noted most often in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and tetralogy of Fallot. The incidence of post operative endocarditis was high (29.4% in the present series and 9.0% in the overall series), too. Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus and GNB were the most common etiologic agents with incidences of 28.8% (34/118), 25.4% (30/118) and 9.3% (11/118), respectively. Almost half of the deaths from IE were caused by s. aureus. The mortality was 11.9% (14/118) in both series. The death rate from candida albicans was 100%, from s. aureus 33.3% (10/30) and from str. viridans 5.9% (2/34) in both series. Culture negative patients accounted for 11.9% (14/118) in both series. Complications which did not involve the valves were noted in one patient with cerebral emboli and in two patients with pulmonary infarction in the present series. Cerebral emboli phenomena were seen 8 cases of the overall series, 4 of whom died.

Adolescent↗