[The embryogenesis of the atrioventricular valves].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M N Vakhromeeva
Publications and source records attributed to M N Vakhromeeva.
[Classification of ventricular septal defects].
The hearts were examined from 125 patients with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) who had died at the age of 0-14 years before or without operation. One hundred twenty five heart showed 178 defects: 103 with isolated, 22 with multiple VSD. Five major defect types were identified: (1) perimembranous; (2) sinus; (3) central trabecular; (4) boundary muscular trabecular; (5) infundibular. According to the relevance of fibrous skeleton and cardiac conduction system, the defects of various sites are divided into 2 large groups: 1) unadjacent to them (muscular) and 2) adjacent. In terms of septal geometry, there are also two large groups: 1) those located in the inflow portion of the septum and 2) those located in the outflow portion.
Adolescent↗
[Surgical anatomy of subaortic conus of the normal heart].
One hundred and fourty-three normal hearts have been studied. The conoid septum, supraventricular crest, bulboventricular fold, area of the fibrous tissue between the aortal and mitral valves and the anterior interventricular septum make the walls (frontal view, in the direction of the hour hand) of the left ventricular cone. In the normal heart there is no real contact between the fibrous rings of the aortal and mitral valves. They are connected by means of a strip of the fibrous tissue, its size varies. The subaortal cone and deferent part of the left ventricular axes make an obtuse angle; the axes of the subpulmonary and subaortal cones have a cross direction. The geometrically definitive left ventricular cone is seen as obliquely-sectioned overturned isosceles cone, with its big base directed upward, right and back, and the small one forward and left.
Adolescent↗
[Classification of aortic and pulmonary artery origin from right ventricle].
An original systematics of origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery from the right ventricle (OAPA RV) is suggested on the basis of examination of 63 heart specimens with the anomaly. Two main variants of OAPA RV are distinguished: (1) with and (2) without a formed infundibular septum (IS). Types A and DA belong to the first variant, types B, C, D, and DC to the second variant. Type A is characterized by drainage of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (OT) into the subaortic conus. Type DA differs from type A by the existence of an auxiliary opening between the ventricles due to a deficiency of tissue of the posterior (sinus part) of the septum. Type B is characterized by the absence (or marked hypoplasia) of the septum of the conus (SC). The LV OT in this case drains under both (aortic and pulmonary) coni. In type C the LV OT opens into the subpulmonary conus. In distinction from type C, type DC has an auxiliary defect in the sinus part of the interventricular septum (IVS). Type D is characterized by complete obturation of the exit and the absence of a defect in the sinus part of the IVS (type D1: OAPA RV with an intact IVS) or with a sinus defect in the IVS-DIVS (type D2: OAPA RV with noncommitted DIVS). According to the presence or absence of stenosis of the pulmonary artery (PA) or aorta, 4 subtypes are distinguished: (1) without stenosis; (2) with stenosis of PA; (3) with aortic stenosis; (4) with combined aortic and pulmonary stenosis.
Adolescent↗
[The anatomy of the interventricular septum of the heart and the anatomical nomenclature].
With the aim to study interrelations of the interventricular septum (IVS) and systematization of their definitions, 151 preparations of hearts of persons died from causes having no connections with cardio-vascular diseases have been studied. The IVS consists of inflow and outflow septa. The inflow septum includes the sinusal (posterior) and trabecular septa, the outflow one--the anterior and conoid septa. The distal part of the anterior and conoid septa form the infundibular septum. From the side of the right ventricle the conoid septum and bulboventricular fold form a supraventricular crest--muscular torus, separating its inflow and outflow parts. From the side of the left ventricle the supraventricular crest is seen as a muscular bar, forming the basal medial wall.
Heart Septum↗
[Anatomo-electrocardiographic comparisons in stenosis of the pulmonary artery with intact ventricular septum].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cardiomegaly↗
[The anatomical criteria of the origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery from the right ventricle].
New anatomical criteria of the above malformation are created on the basis of the study of 63 hearts with the origin of aorta and lung artery from the right ventricle: the presence of the bulboventricular fold separating the mitral and semilunar valves; complete or partial delay of the subaortal cone movement to the left ventricle; the presence of the completely or partially formed proximal cone; underdevelopment of the left ventricle due to the complete or partial absence of its cone region; the only issue from the left ventricle is the proximal cone apertures or a part of the primary bulboventricular orifice; when the primary bulboventricular orifice is obturated the left ventricle is either deprived of the opening or has it in the form of noncommitted defect in the sinusal part of the interventricular septum; the anterior margins of the bulboventricular fold and cone septum are open and supraventricular comb is not formed; the interventricular septum defect formed due to failure of fusion between bulboventricular fold and cone septum connects the aorta with the right ventricle; aorta and lung artery start completely or partially from the right ventricle.
Adolescent↗
[Ebstein's anomaly (morphologic and morphometric study].
12 hearts with Ebstein's anomaly were studied. This disease is a combined anomaly of heart formation with dysplasia of the folds of the tricuspid valve (TV), its tendinous chordas and papillary muscles, dysplasia of the trabecular part of the right ventricle and dysplastic interrelationships between TV and the right ventricle: attachment by short chordas of posterior and septal folds of TV with the right ventricle walls, anomalous distal attachment of the anterior fold of TV. "Atrialisation" of the right ventricle is the reflection of the folds dysplasia the extreme form of which is the loss of communication between TV and trabecular part and formation of the direct communication between TV and the infundibular part of the right ventricle.
Adolescent↗
[Abnormal branching of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery].
13 hearts with the above congenital disturbance are studied. The disturbance of the space orientation of the anterior and posterior interventricular septa is found. The aortal and pulmonary valves are found to be oriented at an angle to each other, and the route of the left coronary artery is changed. These features allow to suggest that the anomalous issue of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery originates from the alterations of the interaction between the arterial valves and peritruncal ring. The choice of surgery depends on the heart anatomy in each individual case.
Adolescent↗