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Biomedical subjects

M N Feinglos

Publications and source records attributed to M N Feinglos.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Classically conditioned hyperglycemia in the obese mouse.

The obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mouse is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It has recently been demonstrated that this mouse is not consistently hyperglycemic, however, unless it is subjected to environmental stress. In the present study, hyperglycemia in obese mice was induced by classical conditioning. Obese diabetic mice and lean control animals were exposed to shaking stress. All animals developed hyperglycemia in response to shaking. To demonstrate classical conditioning, some obese and lean animals were exposed to a metronome prior to and during the shaking. Other animals were exposed to the metronome and shaking in a noncontingent fashion and one group of animals was exposed to the metronome without any exposure to shaking. All animals received seven exposures to one of the three above conditions over a 3-day period. On the 4th day all animals were exposed to the metronome alone, following which blood samples were drawn. Classical conditioning of stress hyperglycemia was demonstrated in obese, but not in lean, mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alprazolam reduces stress hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice.

We have shown that the C57BL/6J ob/ob (obese) mouse, a commonly used model of type II diabetes mellitus, is not in fact consistently hyperglycemic except when exposed to environmental stress. In an attempt to modify stress hyperglycemia in this animal, we administered either a 5 mg/kg dose of the benzodiazepine alprazolam or vehicle (propylene glycol) intraperitoneally to both obese mice and their lean littermates prior to a rest and a stress period. Alprazolam modified the hyperglycemic effect of stress only in the obese mice. Alprazolam significantly reduced plasma corticosterone in obese animals at rest and following stress. In addition, alprazolam significantly increased plasma insulin in all animals at rest and following stress. These data suggest a possible role for benzodiazepines in the modification of stress hyperglycemia in type II diabetes mellitus.

Alprazolam↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Type A behavior pattern and blood glucose control in diabetic children.

We studied the relationship between presence of Type A behavior pattern and glycemic response to stress in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Twelve male (six Type A and six Type B) and nine female (four Type A and five Type B) insulin-dependent diabetic patients between the ages of 8 and 16 years received a standard meal and blood glucose values were assessed two hours later. All subjects then played a competitive videogame for 10 minutes following which blood glucose was assessed again. Preprandial and postprandial blood glucose values did not differ between the groups. However, only Type A subjects showed a hyperglycemic response to the videogame stress. Type A subjects also demonstrated significantly higher glycohemoglobin values. In order to assure that this effect was due to a differential response to stress and not simply a difference in metabolic response to a meal, a second study was conducted in which blood glucose values were assessed at one, two and three hours following a standard meal. No significant differences in postprandial blood glucose values were observed between Type A and Type B subjects. These data support previous research which has suggested that some but not all patients with IDDM show a hyperglycemic response to stress.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Classically conditioned enhancement of hyperinsulinemia in the ob/ob mouse.

The obese (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mouse is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent experiments have shown that stress hyperglycemia can be classically conditioned in the obese but not in the lean mouse. In the present study, classical conditioning of insulin secretion was attempted in C57BL/6J obese and lean animals. For 21 days, obese and lean mice were exposed to a conditioned olfactory stimulus prior to and during eating. On the 22nd day, blood was sampled for all animals following presentation of the conditioned stimulus; testing was repeated 2 weeks later following an additional 4 days of conditioning. Results indicated an effect of conditioning, with significantly greater plasma insulin for trained than for untrained obese mice. That insulin secretion can be more easily conditioned in the obese mouse suggests that a cholinergic mechanism may be involved in the hyperinsulinemia characteristic of this animal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Naltrexone potentiates glycemic responses during stress and epinephrine challenge in genetically obese mice.

The genetically obese mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob) is a commonly used animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These mice show exaggerated glycemic responses during behavioral stress and adrenergic stimulation, but the precise glucoregulatory mechanisms are not well characterized. The ob/ob mice have multiple endocrine abnormalities, including elevated pituitary and circulating beta-endorphin levels; and a relationship between hyperglycemia and altered opioid function has been suspected. We now report that opiate antagonism with naltrexone potentiates hyperglycemic responses during stress and epinephrine challenge in obese mice. This effect of opioid blockade suggests that endogenous opioids inhibit stress- and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in the genetically obese mouse.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Depressed mood is a factor in glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The diabetes literature contains conflicting evidence on the relationship between depression and glycemic control. This may be due, in part, to the fact that past studies failed to distinguish between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Because these are actually completely different diseases that are often treated differently and consequently make different demands on patients, the relationship between glycemic control and depressed mood in type 1 and type 2 diabetes was examined separately. METHODS: The relationship between Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and HbA1c, as an index of long-term glycemic control, was measured in samples of 30 patients with type 1 and 34 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: Groups of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes did not differ in mean BDI score or HbA1c level. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between BDI scores and HbA1c in the type 1 group (r = .44, p < .02) but not in the type 2 group (r = -0.06, p > .05). This relationship was evident throughout the entire range of BDI scores and was not restricted to scores indicative of clinical depression. Patients with type 1 diabetes who had higher HbA1c and BDI scores reported a lower frequency of home blood glucose monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in depressive mood, below the level of clinical depression, are associated with meaningful differences in glycemic control in type 1 but not type 2 diabetes. Preliminary data analysis suggests that this effect may be mediated, at least in part, by decreased self-care behaviors in patients with more depressed mood.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of relaxation therapy on patients with type I diabetes mellitus.

We investigated the effect of treatment with biofeedback-associated progressive muscle relaxation on 10 patients with poorly controlled type I diabetes mellitus compared with 10 equivalent untreated patients. In contrast to previous studies of patients with type II diabetes, no improvement occurred in glucose tolerance after 1 wk of intensive in-hospital relaxation training or in glycohemoglobin and total daily insulin dose after 6 wk of practicing relaxation techniques at home. This and other studies suggest that this type and amount relaxation therapy may not be as useful for enhancing blood glucose control in patients with type I diabetes as in those with type II diabetes. However, subpopulations of type I diabetic patients who have demonstrated stress-induced hyperglycemia should be further investigated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of behavior in diabetes care.

The treatment of people with diabetes mellitus almost always involves an effort on the part of the health-care team to impose new patterns of behavior on their patients. Too often this behavior modification is undertaken without any specific attention to factors in the treatment regimen that may enhance or detract from patient compliance. If, however, the treatment of disease is viewed in terms of changes in both physiology and behavior, the importance of intervention aimed at either direct behavioral manipulation of physiology, or alterations of secondary behavior related to the disease and its therapy, becomes apparent. We have reviewed in this paper the current "state of the art" of both direct behavioral treatment of diabetes and techniques to enhance compliance with treatment program.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of relaxations on glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Twelve patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were hospitalized on a clinical research ward under identical conditions. A 3-h glucose tolerance test and an intravenous insulin tolerance test were performed on each patient. Half of the patients were then given 5 days of progressive relaxation training after which all patients were retested while treated patients practiced relaxation. Relaxation was found to significantly improve glucose tolerance without affecting insulin sensitivity or glucose-stimulated insulin secretory activity.

Adult↗