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Biomedical subjects

M Muranaka

Publications and source records attributed to M Muranaka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Physiological responses to catecholamine infusions in type A and type B men.

To determine whether there are basic biological differences between Type A and Type B men, we compared hemodynamic, electrophysiologic and neuroendocrine responses to equipotent doses of isoproterenol (ISO) and norepinephrine (NE) in 10 Type A and 10 Type B men ages 18 to 29. Results showed equal hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to graded ISO doses in Type A and Type B individuals. In contrast, Type A men showed a more prolonged decrease in electrocardiographic T-wave amplitude (TWA) than did Type B men. Post hoc analyses of the correlates of TWA recovery during high-dose ISO infusion provide preliminary evidence for a more robust parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic nervous system effects in Type B men, especially those with low scores on the Cook-Medley Ho scale. These findings suggest that, in addition to cognitively mediated increases in sympathetic nervous system reactivity, Type As may also be placed at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease by reduced levels of parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Parental history of hypertension and cardiovascular responses to behavioral stress in young black women.

Beta-adrenergic sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperresponsivity to behavioral stress may play a role in the onset of sustained high blood pressure--particularly in persons with a parental history of hypertension. Although hypertension is extremely prevalent among blacks, the association between parental history of hypertension and cardiovascular hyperresponsivity has not been explored in this group. The present study examined the influence of parental history of hypertension on cardiovascular stress reactivity in a group of young black females. Contrary to previous findings with whites, black subjects with a parental history of hypertension exhibited significantly smaller systolic blood pressure and forearm blood flow increases, and moderately smaller diastolic blood pressure increases to the task. Parental history subjects also exhibited slower heart rates throughout each experimental condition. The results suggest that blacks at risk from hypertension may not exhibit the beta-adrenergic hyperresponsivity to behavioral stress observed in whites. These results may suggest that beta-adrenergically mediated hyperresponsivity may be less involved in the development of hypertension among blacks.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Diesel-exhaust particulates inoculated by the intranasal route have an adjuvant activity for IgE production in mice.

Our previous study indicated that the IgE antibody responses in mice immunized with intraperitoneal injection of the antigens mixed with diesel-exhaust particulates (DEP) were higher than those in the animals immunized with the antigens alone. We examined the adjuvant activity of DEP inoculated by the intranasal route, i.e., the natural entrance of DEP. In 3-week interval immunization, the IgE antibody responses in mice immunized with intranasal inoculation of ovalbumin (OA) mixed with DEP were higher than responses in the animals immunized with OA alone. DEP had an adjuvant activity for anti-OA IgE antibody production, even in a small dose such as 1 micrograms administered with a 3-week interval. Also in 1-week interval immunization, the enhancing effect of DEP on anti-OA IgE antibody production was demonstrated when mice were immunized with intranasal inoculation of OA and DEP. The possibility cannot be excluded that DEP, which are kept buoyant in the environmental atmosphere of urban districts, may exert an adjuvant activity for IgE antibody production after being inhaled into the human body and have some relation to the mechanism of the outbreak of allergic rhinitis caused by pollens in Japan.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

Adjuvant activity of diesel-exhaust particulates for the production of IgE antibody in mice.

The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis caused by pollen has strikingly increased in Japan in the last three decades. The number of diesel cars in use has also rapidly increased in the country. This fact urged us to study the effects of particulates emitted from diesel cars on the production of IgE antibody. The primary IgE antibody responses in mice immunized with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OA) mixed with diesel-exhaust particulates (DEP) were higher than those in the animals immunized with OA alone. This effect of DEP on the production of IgE antibody in mice was also demonstrated when mice were immunized with repeated injections of dinitrophenylated-OA. In addition, persistent IgE-antibody response to major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen (JCPA), a most common pollen causing allergic rhinitis in Japan, was observed in mice immunized with JCPA mixed with DEP but not in the animals immunized with JCPA alone. The results do indicate that the adjuvant activity of DEP can not be excluded as a possible cause of the associated change in the number of diesel cars and allergic rhinitis caused by pollen in Japan.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

IgE antibody-mediated shock reaction caused by topical application of chlorhexidine.

A case of an anaphylactic shock following topical application of chlorhexidine preparation is reported. Specific skin-sensitizing antibodies against chlorhexidine were demonstrated in the serum from the patient by a passive transfer test. IgE antibodies against chlorhexidine were also detected by radioallergosorbent technique (RAST). Paper discs conjugated with chlorhexidine-HSA (human serum albumin) significantly bound the IgE antibodies. Furthermore, all of the sera from seven other patients with shock reactions following the topical application of chlorhexidine preparation also showed high RAST counts. Both chlorhexidine gluconate and chlorguanide which represents approximately half a molecule of chlorhexidine inhibited the reaction in a dose-dependent fashion. It is suggested that the shock reactions following topical application of chlorhexidine are mediated by IgE antibodies against chlorhexidine and that chlorhexidine and chlorguanide share the same antigenic determinant.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced endothelial cell proliferation in acute Kawasaki disease (muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome).

Paired sera from 30 patients with muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) were studied for possible effects on human vascular endothelial cells growth in vitro. The majority of sera from acute phase muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome patients significantly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation more than those from convalescent phase patients, infectious diseases patients, and age-matched normal controls. This stimulation was considered to be specific for EC since muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome sera did not enhance fibroblast growth more than normal sera. Fractionation of the serum with gel filtration failed to clearly detect the molecular properties of this effect, although both heavy and light material possessed this activity. Extensive search for circulating immune complex in muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome sera were negative, suggesting that the enhanced endothelial cell proliferation was due to serum components other than immune complexes.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1984

Chromatographic separation and chemical analysis of polymers formed by penicillin G.

To elucidate the chemical structures of penicillin polymers that may elicit an allergic reaction, a 25% aqueous solution of penicillin G potassium was kept standing in the dark at room temperature for 14 days and was then separated by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The fractions of Kav 0.0-0.3, 0.3-0.55 and 0.55-0.75 were designated fractions A, B and C, respectively. Chemical and spectral data indicated that fractions A and B had almost similar chemical structures, but differed in molecular weight. They consisted of equimolar phenylacetyl and thiazolidine moieties and showed a C:N:S ratio almost equal to that of penicillin G. Their degrees of polymerization were 10 for A and 3.2 for B. Comparison of 1H NMR and IR spectra and thin-layer chromatographic RF values with those of authentic standards showed that the main components of fraction C were N- formylpenicillamine , benzylpenilloic acid, benzylpenicilloic acid and benzylpenillic acid.

Allergens↗
PubMed1984

Eliciting IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction by synthetic D-benzylpenilloic acid analogs.

The ability of various D-benzylpenilloic acid analogs to evoke the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction was tested in rats sensitized with mouse IgE antibodies to a benzylpenicillin preparation. D-benzylpenilloic acid synthesized chemically from materials that had no potency to evoke the PCA reaction showed almost the same antigenicity in eliciting the reaction as that prepared from benzylpenicillin. Changes in the chemical structures of the side-chain and thiazolidine ring of D-benzylpenilloic acid resulted in a reduction in the activity, but the removal of either alpha- or beta-methyl did not greatly affect it. From these results, it was concluded that benzyl and amidomethyl at C-2, the D-configuration at C-4, and dimethyl at C-5 on the thiazolidine ring have a significant effect on the PCA reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Studies on safety problem by skin tests using human beta interferon preparation.

Skin reactivities to human fibroblast-derived interferon (HuIFN-beta) preparation were studied in 20 healthy subjects in order to establish a method that detects hypersensitivity to the preparation. In response to intracutaneous injection of 0.02 ml of a 3 X 10(6) international reference units (IU)/ml of HuIFN-beta, the subjects developed immediate wheal-and-erythema type cutaneous reactions followed by erythemas maximum in diameter at 12 and 48 h. The immediate reactions were macroscopically similar to those observed in IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic reactions were macroscopically similar to those observed in IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic reactions elicited by intradermal injection of allergens. Little or no such reactions occurred with test solutions in concentration of less than 2 X 10(5) IU/ml and with solutions containing proteins of bovine origin, possible contaminants of the proteins in the preparation. These results suggest that the immediate cutaneous response to the solution of 3 X 10(6) IU/ml of HuIFN-beta is an essentially nonspecific reaction to HuIFN-beta or substances intimately associated with HuIFN-beta. For prediction of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, a skin test with a solution containing HuIFN-beta in concentration of less than 2 X 10(5) IU/ml seems to be applicable. A test with a solution containing neonatal calf serum in concentration of 10-100 micrograms/ml may also be necessary as well as with the HuIFN-beta preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the skin test of cefotiam and anti-cefotiam antibody].

Patients having previously not received cefotiam (CTM), a recently introduced cephem antibiotic, were subjected to skin tests with a 300 micrograms/ml solution of CTM in physiological saline before and after CTM therapy to detect sensitization with the drug. Anti-CTM antibody titration was carried out on sera from patients who showed a positive skin test and those who developed signs of hypersensitivity during CTM therapy. The results were as follows: Of 1,927 patients examined by skin test with CTM prior to initiation of CTM therapy, 31 patients (1.61%) showed positive reactions with formation of a wheal and erythema. There were 7 patients (0.36%) who proved negative in the skin test but developed mild symptoms of hypersensitivity in association with the skin test. The 847 patients negative on the CTM skin test were retested after a completion of CTM therapy, of whom 6 (0.71%) were found to have become positive showing formation of a wheal and erythema and 3 others (0.35%) showing a negative skin test developed mild adverse reactions associated with the skin test. Sixty-eight serum samples collected from the patients positive on the CTM skin test and those who developed manifestations of hypersensitivity following CTM therapy were examined for anti-CTM antibody by the Prausnitz-K ustner reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and hemagglutination test. All proved negative in these tests. Of various background factors assessed, none was found to have causal relation to the skin reaction in any of the patients showing positive skin reactions to CTM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Gold-induced reduction in reactivity to histamine in isolated guinea pig tracheal rings.

Direct effects of gold preparations on the smooth muscle were investigated on isolated guinea pig tracheal rings. Pretreatment of the tracheal rings for 150 min with 100 microM of gold sodium thiomalate [Au(I)] significantly reduced the contraction heights induced by 4.5 microM histamine from 0.24 +/- 0.02 to 0.14 +/- 0.01 g (p less than 0.01). Gold chloride [Au(III)] was far more potent in its inhibitory effects than gold sodium thiomalate. With 15 min preincubation, gold chloride significantly suppressed the histamine-induced contraction (p less than 0.05) at such a low concentration as 10 microM (3.4 micrograms/ml). Gold chloride as well as gold sodium thiomalate did not interfere with the ciliary motion of the tracheal epithelium, whereas colchicine, having no effect on the histamine-induced contraction, did interfere with ciliary motion. These results reveal that gold itself inhibits noncaustically the guinea pig tracheal contraction induced by histamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of cefotaxime in internal medicine].

Cefotaxime (CTX) was used for 129 cases in respiratory tract and other infections; 57 cases of pneumonia, 20 cases of bronchopneumonia, 20 cases of acute bronchitis, 14 cases of chronic bronchitis, 7 cases of acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia or pulmonary emphysema, 4 cases of suppurative diseases of the lung, 1 case of pyothorax, 1 case of retropharyngeal abscess, 3 cases of pleurisy and 1 case of urinary tract infection. (A case was excepted on clinical evaluation.) CTX was administered by intravenous injection or drip infusion at a daily dose ranging from 0.5 to 8 g, for a term of 2 to 61 days. The total dose patients received ranged from 3 to 226 g. The results obtained were as follows. Clinical effects; excellent in 45 cases, good in 63 cases, fair in 9 cases, poor in 7 cases and unevaluable in 4 cases. The efficacy rate was 87.1% (108/124). Bacteriological effects; eliminated in 30 cases, decreased in 8 cases, unchanged in 2 cases and replaced in 1 case. The elimination rate was 75.6% (31/41). Side effects and abnormal laboratory findings; general itching, fatigue in lower extremities and albuminuria in 1 case each, and anemia in 2 cases. Increased number of eosinophiles and elevated GOT in 1 case each, elevated GOT and GPT in 3 cases and elevated GOT, GPT and A1-P in 2 cases. These symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings disappeared after the discontinuation or termination of CTX therapy. In view of the above, CTX may be considered to be a clinically useful antibiotic against respiratory tract infections.

Adult↗