Biomedical subjects

M Munoz

Publications and source records attributed to M Munoz.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Ethanol-induced alterations in exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport and secretion.

The effects of ethanol on exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport and secretion were investigated during perfusion of the isolated rat pancreas with ethanol concentrations ranging from 0.06% to 4.1%. Amino acid transport was quantitated using a rapid dual isotope dilution technique in which unidirectional substrate uptake (15-20 sec) is assessed relative to an extracellular tracer. Pancreatic secretion evoked by 0.3 microM carbachol was abolished during perfusion with 0.32% ethanol. Influx of L-lysine, L-serine and methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) was marginally increased by 0.32% ethanol but significantly inhibited during subsequent perfusion with 1.28-4.1% ethanol. Pancreatic oxygen consumption and effluent PCO2 levels decreased with increasing ethanol concentration, and the control venous pH (7.21 +/- 0.01, n = 8) gradually approached arterial pH values (7.46 +/- 0.02, n = 9). These results indicate that low concentrations of ethanol readily inhibit secretagogue-induced pancreatic secretion. Amino acid transport at the basolateral membrane of the exocrine pancreatic epithelium appears only to be inhibited after acute exposure to high ethanol concentrations.

Amino Acids↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of a new alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist on sleep and nocturnal penile tumescence in normal male volunteers and men with erectile dysfunction.

The effects of a new alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, RS 15385, on sleep and nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) was assessed by intravenous infusion of the drug, in two doses (high and low), and of placebo through the night in 12 young normal volunteers and 24 men with erectile dysfunction. The drug reduced total sleep time in the younger normal volunteers only with the high dose and in the dysfunctional men with both doses. There was no selective effect on different sleep stages in the normal volunteers, except for an increase in the per cent of total sleep time in Stage 1 with the high dose. The dysfunctional men were divided into two age groups (< 47 years and > 47 years). There was an age-related increase in the proportion of total sleep in rapid eye movement (REM), which was only apparent in the older age group. In the volunteers, there was a curvilinear dose-response effect on NPT. The lower dose modestly increased erectile response, particularly during non-REM sleep, whereas the higher dose reduced erectile response, most noticeably during REM. The only positive effect of the higher dose was an increase in spontaneous erections after lights out before sleep onset. The older dysfunctional group showed no drug effects on NPT. The younger dysfunctional men showed increased erectile response during non-REM with the higher dose, an effect that was also significant in the interval between sleep onset (Stage 2) and first REM.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of headache in a representative sample of the population in a French department (Haute-Vienne-Limousin).

In 1986-1987, a neuroepidemiologic survey was undertaken to study the prevalence of the most frequently encountered neurologic disorders, and in particular headache, in a representative sample of the population in the Haute-Vienne Department (Limousin). A door-to-door survey was made using a protocol developed by the W.H.O. at the beginning of the 1980's. The calculated prevalences (according to Poisson's distribution) per 100,000 inhabitants were 5,059 for nonmigraine headache, and 4,270 for migraine headache. This disorder preferentially affected young adults and essentially involved females. It was the most frequently encountered disorder (50%) during the different surveys of similar methodology.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical experience with the Molteno implant in advanced infantile glaucoma.

The alternatives in the management of infantile glaucoma refractory to conventional treatment are quite limited and unrewarding. We did a retrospective study of 49 patients (53 eyes) under 12 years of age with advanced, uncontrolled glaucoma who each underwent implantation of a single-plate Molteno implant in one stage. Over the follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 3 years (mean 18 months), 36 of the 53 eyes (68%) had an intraocular pressure less than or equal to 21 mm Hg and were considered a success. Fourteen eyes (26%) required further glaucoma surgery, 2 eyes developed severe chronic hypotony, and 1 eye lost light perception following endophthalmitis. The number of anti-glaucoma medications was decreased from a mean of 2 (+/- 1) to 1 (+/- 1). The probability for success of the Molteno implant in controlling glaucoma increased with the age of the patient. Six eyes (11%) were late failures, most probably due to fibrous encapsulation of the bleb. Complications observed were: prolonged hypotony and flat anterior chamber, retinal detachment, migration of the tube, erosion of the tube through the conjunctiva, and an ingrowth of fibrous tissue in the anterior chamber. We consider the Molteno implant to be a reasonable option in the management of difficult cases of infantile glaucoma.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

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Historiography↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective evaluation of CEA and CA 15.3 in patients with locoregional breast cancer.

The tumor markers, CEA and CA 15.3, were prospectively studied in the sera of 1057 untreated patients with locoregional breast cancer diagnosed from 1983 to 2001. Abnormal CEA and CA 15.3 serum levels were found in 13% and 18.8% of the patients, respectively. One tumor marker or another was abnormal in 22.8% of the patients. Both tumor markers were correlated with tumor size and nodal involvement, with significantly higher concentrations in patients with larger tumors or in patients with nodal involvement. CEA was also related to the histological type and CA 15.3 with the histological grade. Univariate prognostic evaluation showed that tumor size, nodal involvement, histological grade, steroid receptors, adjuvant treatment, CEA, CA 15.3 and treatment before surgery were prognostic factors in both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Similar results were obtained in node-positive patients, with the same factors being prognostic, excluding adjuvant treatment and CA 15.3, in both DFS and OS. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, nodal involvement, histological grade, ER and CEA were independent prognostic factors in both DFS and OS in the whole group as well as in node-positive patients. In contrast, tumor size was the only useful parameter in the prognosis of node-negative patients. CA 15.3 was useful for prognosis (OS) in node-negative patients. In summary, tumor markers are useful tools in the prognostic evaluation of patients with breast cancer.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Prospective evaluation of tumor markers (c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, CEA and CA 15.3) in patients with locoregional breast cancer.

Tumor markers were prospectively (CEA and CA 15.3) or retrospectively (c-erbB-2) studied in the sera of 503 untreated patients with breast cancer diagnosed from 1988 to 2001. Abnormal c-erbB-2 levels (> 15 U/ml) were found in 7%, CEA in 12% and CA 15.3 in 13% of the 503 patients. C-erbB-2 serum levels were only related to c-erbB-2 in tissue, with significantly higher concentrations in patients with positivity in tissue. All the tumor markers (c-erbB-2 only in patients with positivity in tissue) were correlated with tumor size, TNM and nodal involvement. CEA was also related to menopausal status, c-erbB-2 overexpression in tissue and ER. Univariate analysis (mean follow-up 8 years) showed that CEA and CA 15.3 were prognostic factors with significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with pretreatment tumor marker positivity. Multivariate analysis in DFS and in OS showed that nodal involvement CEA and ER but not tumor size, menopausal status, histological grade, histology, CA 15.3, c-erbB-2, PgR, adjuvant treatment, p53 (345 patients) or c-erbB-2 in tissue are independent prognostic factors. In summary, tumor markers are a useful, inexpensive and reproducible tool for prognosis in breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4 in gastric cancer.

Pre-surgery serum levels of CA 72-4, CEA and CA 19-9 were quantified by the enzyme immunoassay method in 167 patients with histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma and in 92 patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of benign gastric pathology. CA 72-4 showed a better correlation between its serum levels and the different clinical stages of the disease than CEA and CA 19-9. At the individual study of stages I-II, CA 72-4 proved positive in 36.9% of patients while CEA and CA 19-9 appeared positive in 10.8% and 8.6%, respectively. In the ROC curve, at a specificity of 95%, the sensitivities of CA 72-4, CEA and CA 19-9 were 59.8%, 21% and 26.3% respectively. The discriminatory capacity of the test (area under the ROC curve +/- SD) was 0.86 +/- 0.03 in the case of CA 72-4, 0.52 +/- 0.03 for CEA and 0.58 +/- 0.03 for CA 19-9. In conclusion, in our series and with regard to CEA and CA 19-9, CA 72-4 shows better sensitivity and discriminatory capacity. CEA and CA 19-9 do not provide significant benefits when combined with CA 72-4 due to the good results obtained with the later marker alone.

Adenocarcinoma↗